Weeks 1-2 Topics PDF

What are Values? ▪ Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. ▪ Values describe the personal qualities we choose to embody to guide our actions; the sort of person we want to be; the manner in which we treat ourselves and others, and our interactio...

What are Values? ▪ Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. ▪ Values describe the personal qualities we choose to embody to guide our actions; the sort of person we want to be; the manner in which we treat ourselves and others, and our interaction with the world around us. ▪ They provide the general guidelines for conduct. Source: https://www.ethicssage.com/2018/08/what-are-values.html  ▪ Personal values are personal beliefs about right and wrong and may or may not be considered moral. ▪ Cultural values are values accepted by religions or societies and reflect what is important in each context. Source: https://www.ethicssage.com/2018/08/what-are-values.html Importance of the Study ▪ Our values inform our thoughts, words, and actions. ▪ Our values are important because they help us to grow and develop. CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES 1. Individual Values Individual values reflect how you show up in your life and your specific needs-the principles you live by and what you consider important for your self-interest. Individual values include enthusiasm, creativity, humility, and personal fulfillment. CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES 2. Relationship Values Relationship values reflect how you relate to other people in your life, be they friends, family, or colleagues in your organization. Relationship values include openness, trust, generosity, and caring. CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES 3. Organizational Values Organizational values reflect how your organization shows up and operates in the world. Organizational values include financial growth, teamwork, productivity, and strategic alliances. CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES 4. Societal Values Societal values reflect how you or your organization relates to society. Societal values include future generations, environmental awareness, ecology, and sustainability. Identification of Values Operative in a Society 1. Extensiveness – How large population of a society recognizes the value? 2. Duration – How long has the value been held by the society? 3. Intensity – Is the value sought after by many? Does the value affect the emotions of the people? 4. Prestige of the carrier of the value – Does the value provide a means of judging the social worth of the persons or groups who possess them? Re-examining the Philippine Value System Philippine Value system – refers to philosophy of different values, beliefs, and traditions of the Filipinos. Different Filipino Values 1. Paggalang – to be respectful or to give respect to a person. 2. Pakikisama or SIR (Smooth Interpersonal Relationship) – this refers to a mechanism or facility of getting along with others. 3. Bahala na (Let Fate Takes Its Course) – which means, literally, leaving things in God. 4. Hiya (Self-esteem, Amor Propio) – this refers to being sensitive to an offense or insult. Different Filipino Values 5. Pakikipagkapwa-tao – when one sees the other as fellow human being, one is obligated to treat others like how he or she wants to be treated. 6. Utang na loob (Reciprocity) – understood to mean when there is a service received or something done, that demands return. 7. Kanya-kanya Syndrome – Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving attitude that generates a feeling of envy and competitiveness towards others. Different Filipino Values 8. Self-reliance – this refers to the Filipinos sense of developing oneself to be a responsible human being. 9. Sharing with one’s fellowmen – this refers to the Filipino ideals of giving and receiving as members living together as family or in a society or community. 10. Close family ties – this Filipino value seen as a defense against all hostilities from the outside world. 11. Respect for elders – starts very early. Children are taught to kiss the hands of parents or amen in Visaya, mano po in Filipino and “bless” in English. Different Filipino Values 12. Patience and endurance – this value is reflected in the way Filipino bounce back when tragedy or misfortune strikes. 13. National unity – this value is achieved through a process of free discussion or understanding in order to bring about a strong sense of unity. 14. Heroism – this Filipino value refers to the dedication of one’s life for the common good of the country whether it is individuals own life or that of a group. 15. Economic and social upliftment – this refers to Filipinos value of pulling out from economic difficulties by way of sacrificing for the sake of others. WHAT IS A SOCIAL PROBLEM? A social problem is any condition or behavior that has negative consequences for large numbers of people and that is generally recognized as a condition or behavior that needs to be addressed. objective component and a subjective component.  Objective Component For any condition or behavior to be considered a social problem, it must have negative consequences for large numbers of people. A current example is climate change. Subjective Component There must be a perception that a condition or behavior needs to be addressed for it to be considered a social problem. WHAT IS A CURRENT ISSUE? Current issue is an important thing that is happening at the moment or currently. APPROACHES TO SOCIAL PROBLEM 1. Social Disorganization Approach: Social disorganization is a condition of a society, community or group in which there is a breakdown of social control, or of a social order, or of formal and informal norms that define permissible behavior. APPROACHES TO SOCIAL PROBLEM 2. Cultural Lag Approach: Culture lag is a situation in which some parts of a culture change at a faster rate than other related parts resulting in the disruption of integration and equilibrium of the culture. APPROACHES TO SOCIAL PROBLEM 3. Value Conflict Approach: A value is a generalized principle of behavior to which the members of a group feel a strong, emotionally-toned positive commitment and which provides a standard for judging specific acts and goals. APPROACHES TO SOCIAL PROBLEM 4. Personal Deviation Approach: Deviation is non-conformity to social norms. It is different from abnormal behavior because the latter connotes psychological illness rather than social maladjustment or conflict. APPROACHES TO SOCIAL PROBLEM 5. Anomie Approach: This approach was propounded by Merton. Anomie is a condition characterized by the relative absence or weakening or confusion of norms and values in a society or a group.