Week 2 Lab: Overview of Management Information Systems PDF

OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Week 2 - Laboratory  Management Information System REPRESENTATION OF AN MIS Study of individuals, technology, organization, and their association A field that is people – oriented Approach to collat...

OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Week 2 - Laboratory  Management Information System REPRESENTATION OF AN MIS Study of individuals, technology, organization, and their association A field that is people – oriented Approach to collate information A computer – based system Used to collect, process, and store data necessary for feedback mechanism Significance of an MIS Supports strategy decisions of an organization Improves the accuracy and integrity of financial statements and performance reports Brings together massive amounts of data needed by top-level management Provides a central location to store business data Provide a common language for managers to understand processed information Significance of an MIS Increases sales and makes the business grow better Provides a company a greater market share Improves people’s performance Anticipates future problems/trends Helps in controlling various operations of an organization Features of an MIS Capable to handle voluminous data Generates reports for management’s use Convenient to be accessed and can be integrated with other systems Flexible Facilities quick search and retrieval of information Management-oriented Limitations of an MIS Its output is dependent on the input entered and its process It is not too effective when information is not shared with others in an organization It cannot substitute judgements of managers in decision making It is not that valuable for making non-programmed decisions MIS in SMALL BUSINESSES We can say that a small business running even a single computer appropriately equipped and connected is operating a management information system. An example, a small hotel serving various clients with different services offered is as well using an MIS to keep track of its business operations. In effect all businesses engaged in consulting, marketing, sales, research, communications, as well as other service industries including hotels, resorts, and restaurants have large computer networks on which they deploy substantial databases. Components of an MIS Hardware Software Data Procedure People HARDWARE Hardware These are the input and output devices of an MIS (Management Information System) Tangible in nature, this includes computers or desktops, laptops, video monitors, magnetic disk drives, optical scanners, printers, and others necessary for the system to function accordingly. The Central Tool of Modern Information System Four Basic Functions of Computers - Accept data - Process data - Store data and instructions - Output Data The Central Tool of Modern Information System Output devices Input Devices External storage Internal Memory Central Processing Unit Considerations in Purchasing Hardware Power – speed, size of memory, storage capacity Expansion and upgrade capability Ports for external devices like printers and communication devices Considerations in Purchasing Hardware Ergonomics : Keyboard, Monitor Vendor reliability, warranty policy, vendor support Considerations in Purchasing Hardware Ergonomics : Keyboard, Monitor Vendor reliability, warranty policy, vendor support Considerations in Purchasing Hardware SOFTWARE SOFTWARE A computer program is a series of instructions to a computer to execute any and all processes. Computers only “understand” instructions consisting of electrical signals alternating between two states. These include those programs and applications that convert data into machine-readable language. Examples of these are operating system programs, payroll programs, word processing programs, and speadsheet programs. SYSTEM SOFTWARE Manages computer resources and performs routine tasks not specific to any application ❏ Copying and pasting sections and files ❏ Printing documents ❏ Allocating memory Developed to partner with as many applications as possible ❏ Applications will work with system software ONLY if they are developed to be compatible SYSTEM SOFTWARE Operating System (O/S) ❏ Single most important program and most important type of system software ➔ Developed for a certain microprocessor/s ➔ Addresses technical details such as registers and RAM addresses ➔ Plays the role of “traffic cop” or the “boss” of computer resources APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application - specific programs - Programs designed to perform specific jobs General - purpose programs - Usable for different purposes APPLICATION SOFTWARE Custom- Designed applications ★ Advantages : Meeting the organization’s exact needs In-house developers are sensitive to the organizational culture ★ Disadvantages High cost Production schedule subject to long delays Incompatible with other organizations’ system APPLICATION SOFTWARE Packaged software ★ Advantages : Low cost High quality Vendor support Immediate availability ★ Disadvantages Features cater to the lowest common denominator of users’ needs Software often addresses only a narrow spectrum of business needs Purchases may pay for features they don’t need Impossible to alter to meet specific needs Vendor may go out of business, leaving users without support APPLICATION SOFTWARE Packaged software ➔ Multimedia Can handle many different types of data such as text, voice, and image Powerful means of communicating Uses include education, training, research, and business APPLICATION SOFTWARE Packaged software ➔ Virtual Reality (VR) Mimics sensory reality Business use of VR is expected to grow dramatically for design and testing of new products, and for marketing. CONSIDERATIONS IN PURCHASING SOFTWARE DATA DATA This refers to raw details to produce desired information or facts and figures entered into computers for processing. Examples of this are customer records (name, transactions, etc.), inventory, databases, product description, and employee files. PROCEDURE PROCEDURE These are a set of guidelines to be followed to use the other components effectively and efficiently. Without standard procedures, the use of the other components may create confusion for the user. PEOPLE PEOPLE These are the users which may include computer experts, executives, managers, analysts, programmers, database managers, and many other computer professionals. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS : TELECOMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKS Telecommunications in Business Telecommunications Telecommunications has - Transmittal of data from improved business in three one computer to another main ways : over a distance - Better communication - HIgher efficiency - Better distribution of data  Using available resources LABORATORY (computer laboratory), EXERCISE | COURSE research or discuss within the group about how MIS is INTEGRATION applied in the tourism and hospitality industry. Illustrate Research with Oral actual applications based on Presentation our discussion with current set up of the industry.