Week 5 - Fingerprinting PDF

Fingerprints How do you know who somebody is? Explain: how fingerprinting developed the principles of fingerprinting how to visualise fingerprints Louis-Adolphe Bertillon (France) How to identify criminals?  Fingerprints...

Fingerprints How do you know who somebody is? Explain: how fingerprinting developed the principles of fingerprinting how to visualise fingerprints Louis-Adolphe Bertillon (France) How to identify criminals?  Fingerprints William Herschel (Bengal) 1880’s – signatures on contracts hand finger proceeded to use prints & prints on contracts Henry Faulds 1880 – “When bloody finger-marks or impressions on clay, glass &c, exist, they may lead to the scientific identification of criminals” classification system inspired by Japanese Francis Galton 1892 – detailed studies originating in Eugenics Fingerprints Mark Twain “Pudd’nhead Wilson” 1884 Sherlock Holmes “The Affair of the Norwood Builder” Edward Henry Inspector-General of Police, Bengal 1892: Adds thumbprints to the Bertillon system Azizul Haque devised a classification system Kangali Charan: convicted of burglary but not murder in the case of Hriday Nath Gosh, Jalpaiguri tea garden his bloody thumbprint was found at scere & it matched his Juan Vucetich and Francesca Rojas (Argentina) June 1892: Rojas’ children found murdered – a neighbour, Velasquez, is blamed Despite police methods, he insists that he is innocent Suspicion turns to Rojas – but no evidence A bloody fingerprint found at the scene Vucetich from nearby La Plata is called in Fingerprint matches Rojas; she confesses Vucetich subsequent attempt to set up a National fingerprint database fails due to public opposition Juan Vucetich Edward Henry and the Stratton Brothers Deptford, London, 1905 comple Walter and Ann Farrow, shopkeepers, found beaten to death Enquiries lead to Alfred and Albert Stratton twins Edward Henry – by 1905, Commissioner of Police for London search the Old Bailey for Stratton, murder, 1905 the Stratton Brothers Deptford, London, 1905 Enquiries lead to Alfred and Albert Stratton But eye-witnesses unsure Henry Alfred Jennings: “I am a milk carrier…..looking at the prisoners now, I am unable to say one way or the other whether those are the men I saw in High Street, Deptford.” not useful informati Edward Henry and the Stratton Brothers Deptford, London, 1905 Cash box empty (£9) – one thumbprint found does not match the police officers or either of the deceased : thumbprint must come from i criminal The thumbprint matches Alfred Stratton, but expert witnesses for the prosecution and defense clash: resolved by fingerprinting a member of the jury Locard and fingerprints 1920s: fingerprints from animals He discovered fingerprints of monkey during a event a deemed burglar was thatI monkey one stealing = things Fingerprints lines are called friction ridges & helps us get grip a ou things under skin glands excrete ! salts fats amino acids proteins water & these are deposited on whatever you touch is &e pattern they leave that ofe frict ridges  Fingerprints DNA – can calculate statistically that no two people have the same DNA (except identical twins) ~ not 100k due to genetics Fingerprints – 100+ years of experience. No two people have the same prints including identical twins First Principle –No two fingers have the same prints including identical twins Fingerprints Second Principle – fingerprints do not change during a lifetime (and remain after death for some time) if you remove your fingerprints they , can grow back & they will I be game as what had by you demonstrated it] he William shared his fingerprints & watched it back 1903-1934 loss of fingerprints? grow take capecitabine? – hand-foot syndrome causes swelling I ~ Put your finger in a rice cooker? fingertips & fingerprint becomes indecipherable V if you damage your finger deep not enough , I fingaprint will be able to grow back Faking Fingerprints got Dr a to do a Nogales AZ, 2005: skin grafts Marc George limps & Dr removed I skin of his into the USA from fingertips & replaced it i feet he replaced his skin from I bottom of his Mexico fingerprint w footprint giving him , a new identity Harrisburg PA, 2008: Dr. Jose Covarrubias sentenced to 18 months Fingerprints ridge ending bifurcation Third Principle – patterns lake can be classified independent ridge dot or island spur crossover Fingerprint Patterns larger patterns Double Loop Central Pocket Loop Tented Arch Whirl Loop Whirl Whirl Plain Arch Fingerprints visible naked eye Visible Prints ideal situate to , 2. %. bloody fingerprint - not visible to naked eye Latent Fingerprints – Requires chemical visualisation Origin of Fingerprints – Secretions from skin glands metal salts (e.g. sodium chloride) amino acids and proteins fats water Fingerprint Visualisation physical methods ~ Dusting Powder – Molybdenum Disuphide – aluminium – carbon black according to background contrast – lift print on tape a preserve it molybdenum sulfide Dusting Powder  Fingerprint Visualisation chemical methods ~ Visualisation Reagents – Ninhydrin (apply and heat) reacts with amino acids – Iodine Spray – Silver Nitrate to give a color- indicate Laser fluorescence - alone or using a dye  vapour from I supergive , a cyanoacrylatew chemical reacting of Fuming Cyanoacrylate was one components of e e e fingerprint causing & vapour to deposit polymerise onto their “Superglue” fingerprints -can then add dye and use a laser Commercial fume chamber Fingerprints deriving more information from a print: infra-red microscopy blue-fats in fingerprint red-RDX that , showing this is person handling as an explosive RDX is an explosive Fingerprints Third Principle – patterns can be classified electronic databases - give close matches but not perfect matches. Human judgement is still required. Brandon Mayfield 2004 Attorney in Oregon, USA His fingerprint claimed to be found on fragment from Madrid train bombing (database) 191 people killed Brandon Mayfield no records of Brandom travel ling from Oregon to Spain to plant e bomb Spain Oregon But only a partial match. Perfect match is to Ouhnane Daoud “Physical evidence cannot be wrong, …….. Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can diminish its value." Fingerprints development of fingerprinting idea the problem of acceptance what is a finger print? individualisation three principles latent and visible; visualisation interpretati of e evidence is still interpretation human a fundamental part ofe process