Week 10 Lecture PDF

The University of Queensland School of Psychology PSYC4982 Current Issues in Psychology Cognitive Neuroscience Neural Oscillations in Perception and Cognition Dr Anthony M. Harris [email protected] ...

The University of Queensland School of Psychology PSYC4982 Current Issues in Psychology Cognitive Neuroscience Neural Oscillations in Perception and Cognition Dr Anthony M. Harris [email protected]  Lecture overview Lecture 8 Hemispheric asymmetries and object recognition Lecture 9 Neural bases of decision making Lecture 10 Neural oscillations in perception and cognition Lecture 11 Mechanisms of sensory and motor brain plasticity Lecture 12 Enhancing behaviour with brain stimulation 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 2  Summary What are neural oscillations? The properties of an oscillation – Frequency – Amplitude – Phase How each of these link to cognition What are neural oscillations doing? – Organizing neural signal transmission – Organizing processing times Some Caveats 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 3  Oscillations = Waves Noon Lung volume Heart beat (non-sinusoidal) Walking leg position Midnight etc… 24 hrs 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 4  Neural Oscillations: Waves in the Brain Hans Berger 1873-1941 Berger (1929) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 5  Neural Oscillations: Waves in the Brain Nir et al. (2011) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 6  Properties of an Oscillation Frequency Amplitude Phase 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 7  Components of an Oscillation Frequency Units: Cycles per second (Hz) 1 sec E.g., 1 Hz 2 Hz 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 8  Raw EEG Delta (1 – 4 Hz) Theta (4 – 8 Hz) Alpha (8 – 14 Hz) Beta (14 – 30 Hz) Gamma ( >30 Hz ) 1 sec 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 9  Raw EEG Delta (1 – 4 Hz) Theta (4 – 8 Hz) Alpha (8 – 14 Hz) Beta (14 – 30 Hz) Gamma ( >30 Hz ) 1 sec 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 10  Raw EEG Delta (1 – 4 Hz) Theta (4 – 8 Hz) Alpha (8 – 14 Hz) Beta (14 – 30 Hz) Gamma ( >30 Hz ) 1 sec 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 11  Frequency and Cognition Frontal Midline Theta Frequency – 4-8 Hz – Cognitive control Posterior Alpha Cavanagh & Frank (2014) – 8-14 Hz – Perception – Attention Timing Spatial gating Capilla et al. (2014) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 12  Frequency and Cognition Motor Cortex Beta – 14-30 Hz – Movement planning and execution Little et al. (2019) Gamma Oscillations – 30+ Hz – Neuronal excitability Jia et al. (2013) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 13  Components of an Oscillation Amplitude ‘Magnitude’ of the wave E.g., Higher amplitude Lower amplitude Also often referred to as oscillatory ‘Power’ Power = Amplitude2 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 14  Amplitude Spectra Amplitude spectrum Amplitude change x time Aperiodic component Amplitude relative to baseline (dB) (not an oscillation) Bumps indicate oscillation Individual Alpha Frequency (IAF) Harris et al. (2017) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 15  Alpha and Attention Alpha amplitude decreases with attention Stimulus detection improves as alpha decreases or so it seemed… Capilla et al. (2014) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 16  Alpha and Attention Iemi et al. (2017) Attention improves sensitivity BUT... Alpha amplitude is only related to bias/criterion, NOT sensitivity 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 17  Alpha and Attention Contralateral Alpha Amplitude Amplitude Frequency Frequency Contralateral Alpha Frequency Perceptual sensitivity correlates with alpha frequency, not amplitude Suggests a ‘rhythmic sampling’ account of attention Trajkovic et al. (2023) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 18  Components of an Oscillation Phase Position in the wave at a specific timepoint e.g., ‘peak’, ‘trough’ 2π 0 π π 2π Expressed in Radians or Degrees [0 to 2pi] or [0 to 360] 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 19  Phase Dependence of Perception Phase Dependence by Time & Frequency Theta Alpha (4-6 Hz) (11-14 Hz) Harris, Dux, & Mattingley (2018) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 20  Summary: Part 1 Brain activity contains rhythmic components: ‘neural oscillations’ These components are present in many frequency bands at once Their frequency, amplitude, and phase all relate to neural processing and cognition But why might this be? 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 21  Oscillations Organise Neural Communication ‘Communication Through Coherence’ Coherence = Phase Similarity High Coherence Low Coherence Fries (2005), Fries (2015) PSYC4982 22  Attentional Selection Through Coherence V1 -> V4 Phase Coherence V1a V1b V1a V1b 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 Bosman et al. (2012) 23 Fries (2015)  Low Frequency Oscillations Coordinate Higher-Frequencies Phase-Amplitude Coupling Amplitude (µV) Voytek et al. (2010) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 24  Low Frequency Oscillations Coordinate Higher-Frequencies 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 Daume et al. (2017) 25  Theta Phase Precession Drieu & Zugaro (2019) Qasim et al. (2021) Position (VR-units) Buzsáki & Wang (2012) 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 26  Summary: Part 2 Phase coherence of similar frequencies coordinates activity and communication between regions – Communication through coherence Hierarchical relationships between frequencies coordinate activity within regions – Phase-amplitude coupling Interactions between spike times and oscillation phase represent information – Phase precession 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 27  Some caveats to remember Is it all oscillations? Aperiodic component (not an oscillation) – No – Aperiodic signals have their own cognitive correlates Are all oscillations sinusoids? – No – Methodological challenge for the field Correlation ≠ Causation – Causal evidence is emerging – Brain stimulation & optogenetics 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 Cole & Voytek (2017) 28  Summary What are neural oscillations? What are neural oscillations – Waves in brain activity doing? – Communication The parts of a neural – Timing oscillation – Processing priority – Frequency – Amplitude Oscillations reflect dynamic – Phase organization of the brain – All relate to cognition in complex ways 29/09/2024 PSYC4982 29  References Berger, H. (1929). Über das elektroenkephalogramm des menschen. Archiv für psychiatrie und nervenkrankheiten, 87(1), 527-570. Bosman, C. A., Schoffelen, J. M., Brunet, N., Oostenveld, R., Bastos, A. M., Womelsdorf, T.,... & Fries, P. (2012). Attentional stimulus selection through selective synchronization between monkey visual areas. 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Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13, 232. Fries, P. (2005). A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence. Trends in cognitive sciences, 9(10), 474-480. Fries, P. (2015). Rhythms for cognition: communication through coherence. Neuron, 88(1), 220-235. Harris, A. M., Dux, P. E., & Mattingley, J. B. (2018). Detecting unattended stimuli depends on the phase of prestimulus neural oscillations. Journal of Neuroscience, 38(12), 3092-3101. Iemi, L., Chaumon, M., Crouzet, S. M., & Busch, N. A. (2017). Spontaneous neural oscillations bias perception by modulating baseline excitability. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(4), 807-819. Jia, X., Tanabe, S., & Kohn, A. (2013). Gamma and the coordination of spiking activity in early visual cortex. Neuron, 77(4), 762-774. Little, S., Bonaiuto, J., Barnes, G., & Bestmann, S. (2019). Human motor cortical beta bursts relate to movement planning and response errors. PLoS biology, 17(10), e3000479. Nir, Y., Staba, R. J., Andrillon, T., Vyazovskiy, V. V., Cirelli, C., Fried, I., & Tononi, G. (2011). Regional slow waves and spindles in human sleep. Neuron, 70(1), 153- 169. Qasim, S. E., Fried, I., & Jacobs, J. (2021). Phase precession in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Cell, 184(12), 3242-3255. Trajkovic, J., Di Gregorio, F., Avenanti, A., Thut, G., & Romei, V. (2023). Two oscillatory correlates of attention control in the alpha-band with distinct consequences on perceptual gain and metacognition. Journal of Neuroscience. Voytek, B., Canolty, R. T., Shestyuk, A., Crone, N. E., Parvizi, J., & Knight, R. T. (2010). Shifts in gamma phase–amplitude coupling frequency from theta to alpha over posterior cortex during visual tasks. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 4, 191.