WEB PROGRAMMING_III-I (1).pdf

WEB PROGRAMMING _________________________________________________________________________ WEB PROGRAMMING COURSE FILE NAME OF THE FACULTY: Dr. N Vinaya Kumari YEAR: III-I ACADEMIC YEAR 202...

WEB PROGRAMMING _________________________________________________________________________ WEB PROGRAMMING COURSE FILE NAME OF THE FACULTY: Dr. N Vinaya Kumari YEAR: III-I ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023 REGULATION R18 Web Programming Page 1  WEB PROGRAMMING WEB PROGRAMMING III Year B. Tech. DS I- Sem LT PC 2 0 0 2 Course Objectives: The student should be able to: Understand the technologies used in Web Programming. Know the importance of object-oriented aspects of Scripting. Understand creating database connectivity using JDBC. Learn the concepts of web-based application using sockets. Course Outcomes: Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to Design web pages. Use technologies of Web Programming. Apply object-oriented aspects to Scripting. Create databases with connectivity using JDBC. Build web-based application using sockets. UNIT – I SCRIPTING. Web page Designing using HTML, Scripting basics- Client side and server side scripting. Java Script Object, names, literals, operators and expressions- statements and features- events - windows - documents – frames - data types - built-in functions- Browser object model - Verifying forms.-HTML5- CSS3- HTML 5 canvas - Web site creation using tools. UNIT – II JAVA Introduction to object-oriented programming-Features of Java – Data types, variables and arrays – Operators – Control statements – Classes and Methods – Inheritance. Packages and Interfaces – Exception Handling – Multithreaded Programming – Input/Output – Files – Utility Classes – String Handling. UNIT – III JDBC JDBC Overview – JDBC implementation – Connection class – Statements - Catching Database Results, handling database Queries. Networking– InetAddress class – URL class- TCP sockets – UDP sockets, Java Beans –RMI. UNIT – IV APPLETS Java applets- Life cycle of an applet – Adding images to an applet – Adding sound to an applet. Passing parameters to an applet. Event Handling. Introducing AWT: Working with Windows Graphics and Text. Using AWT Controls, Layout Managers and Menus. Servlet – life cycle of a servlet. Web Programming Page 2  WEB PROGRAMMING The Servlet API, Handling HTTP Request and Response, using Cookies, Session Tracking Introduction to JSP. UNIT – V XML AND WEB SERVICES Xml – Introduction-Form Navigation-XML Documents- XSL – XSLT- Web services-UDDI-WSDL-Java web services – Web resources. TEXT BOOKS: 1. Harvey Deitel, Abbey Deitel, Internet and World Wide Web: How To Program 5th Edition. 2. Herbert Schildt, Java - The Complete Reference, 7th Edition. Tata McGraw- Hill Edition. 3. Michael Morrison XML Unleashed Tech media SAMS. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. John Pollock, Javascript - A Beginners Guide, 3rd Edition –- Tata McGraw-Hill Edition. 2. Keyur Shah, Gateway to Java Programmer Sun Certification, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002 Web Programming Page 3  WEB PROGRAMMING UNIT - I SCRIPTING Web page Designing using HTML, Scripting basics- Client side and server side scripting. Java Script Object, names, literals, operators and expressions- statements and features- events - windows - documents - frames - data types - built-in functions- Browser object model - Verifying forms.-HTML5- CSS3- HTML 5 canvas - Web site creation using tools. Introduction to Internet:- A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. "the guide is also available on the Internet" The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internetprotocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services. History of Internet This marvelous tool has quite a history that holds its roots in the cold war scenario. A need was realized to connect the top universities of the United States so that they can share all the research data without having too much of a time lag. This attempt was a result of Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) which was formed at the end of 1950s just after the Russians had climbed the space era with the launch of Sputnik. After the ARPA got success in 1969, it didn‘t take the experts long to understand that how much potential can this interconnection tool have. In 1971 Ray Tomlinson made a system to send electronic mail. This was a big step in the making as this opened gateways for remote computer accessing i.e.telnet. During all this time, rigorous paper work was being done in all the elite research institutions. From giving every computer an address to setting out the rules, everything was getting penned down. 1973 saw the preparations for the vital TCP/IP and Ethernet services. At the end of 1970s, Usenet groups had surfaced up. By the time the 80s had started, IBM came up with its PC based on Intel 8088 processor which was widely used by students and universities for it solved the purpose of easy computing. By 1982, the Defense Agencies made the TCP/IP compulsory and the term ―internet‖ was coined. The domain name services arrived in the year 1984 which is also the time around which various internet based marked their debut. A worm, or a rust the computers, attacked in 1988 and disabled over 10% of the computer systems all over the world. While most of the researchers regarded it as an opportunity to enhance computing as it was still in its juvenile phase, quite a number of computer companies became interested in dissecting the cores of the malware which resulted to the formation Computer Emergency Rescue Team (CERT). Soon after the world got over with the computer worm, World Wide Web came into existence. Discovered by Tim Berners-Lee, World Wide Web was seen as a service to connect documents in websites usinghyperlinks. orld Wide Web Web Programming Page 4  WEB PROGRAMMING The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. English scientist TimBerners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser computerprogram in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland. The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991. The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet. Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, audio, and software components that are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content. Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactively where users contribute content or the content depends upon the users or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial, governmental, or non-governmental organizational purposes WWW is another example of client/server computing. Each time a link is followed, the client is requesting a document (or graphic or sound file) from a server (also called a Web server) that's part of the World Wide Web that "serves" up the document. The server uses a protocol called HTTP or Hyper Text Transport Protocol. The standard for creating hypertext documents for the WWW is Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML. HTML essentially codes plain text documents so they can be viewed on the Web. Browsers: WWW Clients, or "Browser": The program you use to access the WWW is known as a browser because it "browses" the WWW and requests these hypertext documents. Browsers can be graphical, allows to see and hear the graphics and audio; text-only browsers (i.e., those with no sound or graphics capability) are also available. All of these programs understand http and other Internet protocols such as FTP, gopher, mail, and news, making the WWW a kind of "one stop shopping" for Internetusers. Web Programming Page 5  WEB PROGRAMMING Year List of Web browsers 1991 World Wide Web (Nexus) 1992 Viola WWW, Erwise, MidasWWW, MacWWW (Samba) 1993 Mosaic,Cello, Lynx 2.0, Arena, AMosaic 1.0 IBM WebExplorer, Netscape Navigator, SlipKnot 1.0, MacWeb, IBrowse, Agora 1994 (Argo), Minuet Internet Explorer 1, Internet Explorer 2, Netscape Navigator 2.0, OmniWeb, 1995 UdiWWW, Grail Arachne 1.0, Internet Explorer 3.0, Netscape Navigator 3.0,Opera 2.0, 1996 PowerBrowser 1.5, Cyberdog,Amaya 0.9, AWeb,Voyager Internet Explorer 4.0, Netscape Navigator 4.0, Netscape Communicator 4.0, 1997 Opera3.0, Amaya 1.0 1998 iCab, Mozilla 1999 Amaya 2.0, Mozilla M3, Internet Explorer 5.0 Konqueror,Netscape 6, Opera 4, Opera 5, K-Meleon 0.2, Amaya 3.0, Amaya 2000 4.0 2001 Internet Explorer 6, Galeon 1.0, Opera 6, Amaya 5.0 2002 Netscape 7, Mozilla 1.0, Phoenix 0.1, Links 2.0, Amaya 6.0, Amaya 7.0 2003 Opera 7, Apple Safari 1.0, Epiphany 1.0, Amaya 8.0 2004 Firefox 1.0, Netscape Browser, OmniWeb 5.0 Opera8,Apple Safari2.0, Netscape Browser 8.0, Epiphany 1.8, Amaya 2005 9.0, AOL Explorer 1.0, Maxthon 1.0,Shiira 1.0 Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Internet Explorer 7,Opera 9,, SeaMonkey 1.0, K-Meleon 1.0, 2006 Galeon 2.0, Camino 1.0, Avant11, iCab 3 Apple Safari 3.0, Maxthon 2.0, Netscape 2007 Navigator9,NetSurf 1.0, Flock 1.0, Conkeror Google Chrome 1, Mozilla Firefox 3, Opera 9.5,, Apple Safari 3.1, Konqueror 4, 2008 Amaya 10.0, Flock 2, Amaya 11.0 Google Chrome 2–3, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Internet Explorer 8,Opera 10,, Apple 2009 Safari 4, SeaMonkey 2, Camino 2,surf, Pale Moon 3.0 Google Chrome 4–8, Mozilla Firefox 3.6, Opera 10.50,, Opera 11, Apple Safari 5, 2010 K-Meleon 1.5.4, Google Chrome 9–16, Mozilla Firefox 4-9, Internet Explorer 9,Opera 11.50, Apple 2011 Safari 5.1, Maxthon 3.0, SeaMonkey 2.1–2.6 Google Chrome 17–23, Mozilla Firefox 10–17, Internet Explorer 10, Opera 12, Apple 2012 Safari 6, Maxthon 4.0, SeaMonkey 2.7-2.14 Google Chrome24–31,Mozilla Firefox 18–26,Internet Explorer 11, Opera 15– 2013 18, Apple Safari 7, SeaMonkey 2.15-2.23 Web Programming Page 6  WEB PROGRAMMING 2014 Google Chrome 32–39, Mozilla Firefox 27–34, Opera 19–26, Apple Safari 8 2015 Google Chrome 40–47, Microsoft Edge,Mozilla Firefox 35–43, Opera 27–34, Vivaldi Google Chrome 48–55,Mozilla Firefox 44–50,Microsoft Edge 14, Opera35– 2016 42, Apple Safari 10, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30, Pale Moon 26.0.0, Pale Moon 27.0.0 Google Chrome56–60,Microsoft Edge 15,Mozilla Firefox 51–55.0.2, Opera43– 2017 45, Opera Neon Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs: A Uniform Resource Locator, or URL is the address of a document found on the WWW. Browser interprets the information in the URL in order to connect to the proper Internet server and to retrieve your desired document. Each time a click on a hyperlink in a WWW document instructs browser to find the URL that's embedded within the hyperlink. The elements in a URL: Protocol://server's address/filename Hypertext protocol: http://www.aucegypt.eduFile Transfer Protocol: ftp://ftp.dartmouth.eduTelnet Protocol: telnet://pac.carl.org News Protocol: news:alt.rock-n-roll.stones What are Domains? Domains divide World Wide Web sites into categories based on the nature of their owner, and they form part of a site's address, or uniform resource locator (URL). Common top-level domainsare:.com—commercial enterprises.mil—military site org—organization site (non-profits, etc.) int—organizations established by international treaty.net—network.biz—commercial and personal.edu—educational site (universities, schools,.info—commercial and personal etc.).gov—government organizations.name—personal sites Additional three-letter, four-letter, and longer top-level domains are frequently added. Each country linked to the Web has a two-letter top-level domain, for example.fr is France,.ie is Ireland. MIME (Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions):- MIME is an extension of the original Internet e-mail protocol that lets people use the protocol to exchange different kinds of data files on the Internet: audio, video, images, application programs, and other kinds, as well as the ASCII text handled in the original protocol, the Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP). In 1991, Nathan Borenstein of Bellcore proposed to the IETF that SMTP be extended so that Internet (but Web Programming Page 7  WEB PROGRAMMING mainly Web) clients and servers could recognize and handle other kinds of data than ASCII text. As a result, new file types were added to "mail" as a supported Internet Protocol file type. Servers insert the MIME header at the beginning of any Web transmission. Clients use this header to select an appropriate "player" application for the type of data the header indicates. Some of these players are built into the Web client or browser (for example, all browsers come with GIF and JPEG image players as well as the ability to handle HTML files); other players may need to bedownloaded. New MIME data types are registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). MIME is specified in detail in Internet Request for Comments 1521 and 1522, which amend the original mail protocol specification, RFC 821 (the Simple Mail Transport Protocol) and the ASCII messaging header, RFC 822. Hypertext Transport Protocol: HTTP means HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. For example, when you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page. The other main standard that controls how the World Wide Web works is HTML, which covers how Web pages are formatted anddisplayed. HTTP is called a stateless protocol because each command is executed independently, without any knowledge of the commands that came before it. This is the main reason that it is difficult to implement Web sites that react intelligently to user input. HTTPS: A similar abbreviation, HTTPS means Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure. Basically, it is the secure version of HTTP. Communications between the browser and website are encrypted by Transport Layer Security (TLS), or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The Web Programmer‟sToolbox: HTML - a markuplanguage o To describe the general form and layout ofdocuments ▪ HTML is not a programming language - it cannot beused describe computations. o An HTML document is a mix of content and controls ▪ Controls are tags and theirattributes ▪ Tags often delimit content and specify something about howthe content should be arranged in thedocument For example, Write a paragraph here is an element. ▪ Attributes provide additional information about the content of a tag For example, Plugins o Integrated into tools like word processors, effectively converting themto WYSIWYG HTMLeditors Web Programming Page 8  WEB PROGRAMMING Filters o Convert documents in other formats toHTML Advantages of both filters and plug-ins: o Existing documents produced with other tools can be converted to HTML documents o Use a tool you already know to produceHTML Disadvantages of both filters andplug-ins: o HTML output of both is not perfect - must be finetuned o HTML may benon-standard o You have two versions of the document, which are difficult tosynchronize XML o A meta-markup language (a language for defining markuplanguage) o Used to create a new markup language for a particular purpose orarea o Because the tags are designed for a specific area, they can bemeaningful JavaScript o A client-side HTML-embedded scriptinglanguage o Provides a way to access elements of HTML documents and dynamicallychange them Flash o A system for building and displaying text, graphics, sound, interactivity,and animation(movies) o Twoparts: 1. Authoringenvironment 2. Player Supports both motion and shape animation PHP A server-side scripting language Great for form processing and database access through the Web Ajax Asynchronous JavaScript + XML ▪ No new technologies orlanguages Much faster for Web applications that have extensive user/server interactions Uses asynchronous requests to the server Requests and receives small parts of documents, resulting in much faster responses Java Web Software Servlets – server-side Java classes JavaServer Pages (JSP) – a Java-based approach to server-side scripting JavaServer Faces – adds an event-driven interface model on JSP ASP.NET Does what JSP and JSF do, but in the.NET environment Allows.NET languages to be used as server-side scripting language Ruby A pure object-oriented interpreted scripting language Every data value is an object, and all operations are via method calls Both classes and objects are dynamic Rails Web Programming Page 9  WEB PROGRAMMING A development framework for Web-based applications Particularly useful for Web applications that access databases Written in Ruby and uses Ruby as its primary user language HTML Common tags:- HTML is the building block for web pages. HTML is a format that tells a computer how to display a web page. The documents themselves are plain text files with special "tags" or codes that a web browser uses to interpret and display information on your computer screen. HTML stands for Hyper Text MarkupLanguage An HTML file is a text file containing small markuptags The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display thepage An HTML file must have an htm or html fileextension. HTML Tags:- HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements.HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and >. The surrounding characters are called angle brackets. HTML tags normally come in pairs like and The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag. The text between the start and end tags is the element content. HTML tags are not case sensitive, means the same as. The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs and line breaks. Tag Description This tag defines the document type and HTML version. This tag encloses the complete HTML document and mainly comprises of document header which is represented by... and document body which is represented by... tags. This tag represents the document's header which can keep other HTML tags like , etc. The tag is used inside the tag to mention the document title. This tag represents the document's body which keeps other HTML tags like , , etc. This tag represents a paragraph. to Defines header 1 to header 6 Inserts a single line break Defines a horizontal rule Defines a comment Headings:- Headings are defined with the to tags. defines the largest heading while defines the smallest. This is a heading Web Programming Page 10  WEB PROGRAMMING This is aheading This is aheading This is aheading This is aheading This is aheading Paragraphs:- Paragraphs are defined with the tag. Think of a paragraph as a block of text. You can use the align attribute with a paragraph tag as well. This is a paragraph this is another paragraph Note: You must indicate paragraphs with elements. A browser ignores any indentations or blank lines in the source text. Without elements, the documentbecomes one large paragraph. HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph. Line Breaks:- The tag is used when you want to start a new line, but don't want to start a new paragraph. The tag forces a line break wherever you place it. It is similar to single spacing in a document. This Code output This is a para graph with This is a para line breaks graph with line breaks Horizontal Rule The element is used for horizontal rules that act as dividers between sections like this: The horizontal rule does not have a closing tag. It takes attributes such as align and width Code Output Sample html program This is document title This is a heading Document contentgoeshere...... Web Programming Page 11  WEB PROGRAMMING Type the above program in notepad and save with some file nameeg:sample.html Open the file with browser and the webpage looks likethis Lists:-HTML offers web authors three ways for specifying lists of information. All lists must contain one or more list elements. Lists are of three types 1) Un ordered list 2)Ordered List 3)Definitionlist HTML Unordered Lists:An unordered list is a collection of related items that have no special order or sequence. This list is created by using HTML tag. Each item in the list is marked with a bullet. Example HTML Unordered List Beetroot GingerPotato Radish HTML Ordered Lists:- items are numbered list instead of bulleted, This list is created by using HTML Ordered List Beetroot Ginger Potato Radish Web T Page 9 tag  WEB PROGRAMMING HTML Definition Lists:- HTML and XHTML supports a list style which is called definition lists where entries are listed like in a dictionary or encyclopedia. The definition list is the ideal way to present a glossary, list of terms, or other name/value list. Definition List makes use of following three tags. 1). - Defines the start of the list 2). - A term 3). - Termdefinition 4). - Defines the end of thelist HTML Definition List HTMLThis stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTTPThis stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTML tables: The HTML tables allow web authors to arrange data like text, images, links, other tables, etc. into rows and columns of cells. The HTML tables are created using the tag inwhich the tag is used to create table rows and tag is used to create data cells. Example: HTML Tables Row 1, Column 1Row 1, Column 2 Row 2, Column 1Row 2, Column 2 Web Page 10 Programminge/hs tml>  WEB PROGRAMMING Table Heading: Table heading can be defined using tag. This tag will be put to replace tag, which is used to represent actual data cell. Normally you will put your top row as table heading as shown below, otherwise you can use element in any row. Tables Backgrounds: set table background using one of the following two ways: 1)bgcolor attribute - You can set background color for whole table or just for one cell. 2) background attribute - You can set background image for whole table or just for one cell. You can also set border color also using bordercolorattribute. HTML Tables Name Salary Jayapal 50,000.00 Ravi45,000.00 Images are very important to beautify as well as to depict many complex concepts in simple way on your web page. Insert Image: insert any image in the web page by using tag. Attribute Values Value Description left Align the image to the left right Align the image to the right