W3 - ICT922 Digital transformation and Cloud Computing.pptx

MIT : ICT922 Digital Transformation and Cloud Computing LECTURE 3 Cloud Virtualization 1  Resources Prescribed Texts McHaney R. (2021) Cloud Technologies, Kansas State University, Manhattan USA, John Wiley & Sons, Lt...

MIT : ICT922 Digital Transformation and Cloud Computing LECTURE 3 Cloud Virtualization 1  Resources Prescribed Texts McHaney R. (2021) Cloud Technologies, Kansas State University, Manhattan USA, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Recommended Readings Piper B., Clinton D. (2019) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Study Guide, Sybex. ISBN-13: 978- 1119490708 White Paper Valsamas P., Mamatas L., and Contreras M. (2022) A Comparative Evaluation of Edge Cloud Virtualization Technologies," in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1351-1365 2 Lesson Learned from Week 2:  Digital transformation automation technology: Cloud Computing  Understanding cloud computing  Explore cloud service models  Leveraging cloud databases 3 Week 3: Lesson Learning Outcomes  What is Virtualisation?  Types of Virtualisation  Components supporting Virtualisation 4 What is Virtualization? In computing, virtualisation is the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something at the same abstraction level, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources. - Wikipedia  Enables more efficient use of a physical machine’s resources 5 Types of Virtualisation in Cloud Computing  Server Virtualisation  Server Virtualisation also called Hardware Virtualisation  Divides the single physical environment of a server into multiple singular virtual environments 6  Storage Virtualisation Types of Virtualisation  Network Virtualisation  creates multiple virtual networks on a single physical network infrastructure  Memory Virtualisation  multiple physical memories across different servers are put together as one to form a singular virtual memory  Software Virtualisation  ability to the main computer to run and create one or more virtual environments  Desktop Virtualisation  also known as virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), creates virtual desktops on a centralized server accessible from any device with an internet connection 7 Hardware Virtualization  Creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system  Logically separates the created environment from the underlying hardware  Physical hardware component is known as the host and the guest machine is the virtual machine  Software or firmware that creates virtual machine on the host hardware is called a hypervisor or virtual machine monitor  Virtual machines (VMs) are logically independent and 8 Hypervisors  Software, hardware or firmware used to create virtual machines  Also referred to as Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)  It creates, monitors, and manages virtual machines.  Emulates available resources so that guest machines can use them  Creates a virtualization layer that runs between the OS and the server hardware 9 Role of Hypervisor  Offers a setting that is nearly identical to the machine’s original environment  Merely a slight slowdown in speed  Total command over the assets of the system 10 Virtualization Models Type-1 Hypervisor (bare-metal or native) Type-2 Hypervisor (Hosted) Example: VMware hypervisors like Example: VMware Workstation, vSphere, ESXi and ESX, Microsoft VMware Fusion, Oracle VirtualBox, Hyper-V, Oracle VM Server, Citrix Oracle Solaris Zones, Oracle VM 11 Hypervisor Server for x86 Type 1 vs. Type 2 Hypervisor: Choosing the right one  Depends on your individual needs  Thing to keep in mind:  Size of the virtual environment you intend to run  For personal use and smaller deployments  Go with Type-2 hypervisors  For enterprise environments  Go with Type-1 hypervisors 12 What are Virtual Machines?  Software emulation of a physical machine, which runs its own separate OS and apps.  Multiple VMs can be installed and run on a single host machine  Hypervisors separate VMs from one another and allocate resources between them 13 How does Virtual Machines work?  Provides isolated environment for running its own OS and applications  Four main components:  Underlying system (infrastructure)  Hypervisor  Multiple VMs  Applications and processes  Users can configure and update the guest OS  Makes possible to run different environments simultaneously and 14 Physical Server Vs VM Virtual Physical Aspect machines Host (VMs) Shares resources Dedicated to a among multiple single application, Performance applications, better potentially lower performance performance Expensive due to Cost-effective by hardware/softwar distributing Cost e upgrades and resources among frequent failures multiple VMs Easier and more Hard and costly to affordable, Disaster Recovery implement especially with & High-Availability disaster recovery cloud services in different regions Restoring critical Quick using VM data/operations backups, System Recovery can take hours or minimizing days downtime15 Types of Hardware Virtualization  Full Virtualisation:  Hypervisor completely simulates the underlying hardware  Allows the running of the unmodified OS  Para Virtualisation:  Also called OS-assisted virtualization  the hardware is not simulated; instead, the guest software runs its isolated system  Hardware-assistant Virtualisation:  Type of Full virtualization  Underlying hardware provides special CPU instructions 16 Architectural Comparison 17 Operating System Virtualization  Virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is installed on Host OS instead of directly on host hardware system  Mainly used for testing purposes of applications on multiple OS platforms 18 What is a Container?  Are like virtual compartments that can run software applications  A way to package software in a portable and isolated environment  Shares basic OS of the host computer  Quick to start up and takes up very little space 19  How does Container work?  Need an operating system, supporting software and resources  Setup an environment template for your application  Shares the main operating system (called the “kernel”) of the computer  Needs essential tools and libraries to function 20 Containerisation Technologies 21 Container (Docker) Vs Virtual Machine (VM) 22 Container Vs Virtual Machine (VM) 23 Storage Virtualization  Form of Hardware virtualization  Storage devices, potentially from multiple networked, physical locations, are grouped to appear as a single storage device or single storage location to an end-user or application  Goals:  Enhance storage management in heterogeneous environments Virtualized storage masks the underlying physical  Provide a managed system for devices from the users reducing equipment downtime and facilitating replacements 24 Types of Storage Virtualization  DAS  Direct-attached storage device  Generally attached / dedicated to a specific server  NAS  Network-attached storage  Connected to a server via a network  Can be shared or dedicated  SAN  Storage Area Network  Connected to server via a storage network 25  Can be shared or dedicated Storage Virtualization Techniques  SAN virtualization  Applied at various levels within a SAN and to different storage functions  Access to all storage through a single central interface  NAS Virtualization  Private cloud for storage  Shares or streams files to any computer over the internet with appropriate privileges  Same benefits as a private cloud: no third-party involved and data remains private behind the firewall 26 File- Vs Block-Level Virtualization  SAN and DAS use block-level virtualization and NAS systems use file-level storage  Block-level virtualization:  Adds a layer on top of storage arrays  Uses Logical Unit Numbers (LUN)  Regroups physical devices logically via LUNs  Physical devices hidden; logical units accessed via iSCSI of Fibre Channel  Servers access virtualized LUNs instead of original LUNs  File-level virtualization:  Virtualises link between files and physical storage  Creates logical drives from various physical storage areas  Physical locations hidden  Enhances location independence  Simplifies file access and management for users 27 Next Week – What’s Coming Up?  How are clouds managed?  Tools and techniques developed  Explore various management features  Examples of how the “ops” side of DevOps has made innovative strides in recent years 28 29