W2 - ICT922 Digital transformation and Cloud Computing.pptx

MIT : ICT922 Digital Transformation and Cloud Computing LECTURE 2 Digital Transformation Automation Technologies : Cloud Computing 1  Resources Prescribed Texts Erl T., Stoffers R. (2...

MIT : ICT922 Digital Transformation and Cloud Computing LECTURE 2 Digital Transformation Automation Technologies : Cloud Computing 1  Resources Prescribed Texts Erl T., Stoffers R. (2021) A Field Guide to Digital Transformation,1/e Pearson Education McHaney R. (2021) Cloud Technologies, Kansas State University, Manhattan USA, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Recommended Readings Lambropoulos G., Mitropoulos S., Douligeris C. (2021) A Review on Cloud Computing services, concerns, and security risk awareness in the context of Digital Transformation, 1 6th South-East Europe Design Automation, Computer Engineering, Computer Networks and Social Media Conference (SEEDA-CECNSM), pp. 1-6 2 Lesson Learned from Week 1:  Establish the overall purpose and scope of digital transformation  Learn how business, technology, data and people must all align for a harmonious transformation 3 Week 2: Lesson Learning Outcomes  Digital transformation automation technology: Cloud Computing  Understanding cloud computing  Explore cloud service models  Leveraging cloud databases 4 What is Cloud? “A cloud refers to a distinct IT environment that is designed for the purpose of remotely provisioning scalable and measured IT resources”  Metaphor for the Internet, network of networks providing remote access to a set of decentralized ITService resources s Virtual Servers Storage Devices 5 What is Cloud Computing?  National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published its original definition back in 2009, followed by a revision in 2011: “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service 6 Contd…  “…a standardized IT capability (services, software, or infrastructure) delivered via Internet technologies in a pay-per-use, self- service way.” 7 History  Mainframe computers provide a good starting point in early 1960s  In 1970s mainframes became more user-friendly  In 1980s, computing power moved to the desktop. This was known as client- server era.  In 1980s TCP/IP became protocol => Internet  In early 1990s World Wide Web (WWW) emerged. Also called as Web 2.0 8  Cloud Computing’s Focus Cost reduction: Two categories: Purchase cost and Operational costs Capacity Planning: How to prepare for future? Business Agility: Ability to change rapidly Elasticity 9 Cloud Characteristics  On-demand usage  Provisioned without any need for human interaction  Ubiquitous access  Access resources online at anytime, from any location  Multitenancy (and resource pooling)  Serve different tenants from same application  Central pool serves multiple customers  Elasticity  Quick scale-up and scale-down services  Measured usage  Monitors resource utilisation  Resiliency  Quickly recover from any disruptions 10 Types of Cloud 11 How is Cloud Computing hosted?  Public Cloud Deployment  Offers services to general public over the internet  Private Cloud Deployment  Resources and services dedicate to a single client/organisation  Hybrid Cloud Deployment  Combines features of public and private clouds  Community Cloud Deployment  Multiple organizations share the infrastructure with common interests  Multi-Cloud Deployment 12  combines two or more cloud Comparison Private Hybrid Community Functions Public Cloud Multi-Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud Third-party Single Combination of Specific Multiple Ownership provider organization both community providers Restricted Restricted Accessibility Public access Varied access Varied access access access Scalability Highly scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Scalable Capital Combination of Shared among Varied, pay-as- Cost structure Pay-as-you-go investment both members you-go Moderate Customisation Limited High degree High degree Variable degree Shared High control Varied, often Shared among Varied, requires Security responsibility and security secure members attention Not shared Shared among Shared among Shared among Resource Shared among outside public and community selected sharing all users organization private clouds members providers 13 Cloud Service Models  SaaS – Software as a Service  Typically license or Subscription-based | Easy to implement  Ex.: Dropbox, salesforce, Adobe Creative Cloud, Microsoft 365  PaaS – Platform as a Service  Highly Scalable | Little to No infrastructure investment  Ex.: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Google App Engine  IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service  Most flexible option | Higher level of Expertise required 14  Comparison 15 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M988_fsOSWo Examples and Summary 16 Other Cloud Service models  XaaS – Anything as a Service  Combines different aspects of SaaS, PaaS, IaaS or other sub-services  MaaS – Monitoring as a Service  State monitoring of cloud infrastructure or software  Ex.: Amazon Cloud Watch, AppDynamics, NewRelic  CaaS – Communication as a Service (also known as UCaaS)  Offers high-level VoIP, VPNs, PBX and other unified communications  Ex.: Zoom, Vonage  DRaaS – Disaster Recovery as a Service (also known as 17 Common Risks and Challenges  Increased Security Vulnerabilities  Reduced Operational Governance Control  Limited Portability Between Cloud Providers  Multi-Regional Compliance and Legal Issues  Cost Overruns 18 What other services run in the Cloud?  DevOps  Stands for development and operations  Focuses on enterprise software configuration and development  Relies on close relationship between development and operations  PaaS has transformed DevOps in organizational settings DevOps is a methodology in the software development and IT industry. Used as a set of practices and tools, DevOps integrates and automates the work of software development 19 DevOps Stages  Plan: define and plan  Create: building, coding and configuring  Verify: ensuring the quality  Package: staging or preproduction  Release: schedule, orchestration, provisioning and deploying software  Configure : operation side of DevOps  Monitor: identify specific issues of specific releases and understand the impact  Version Control: management of changes to documents, computer programs and collections of information 20 Cloud Database Applications  Three general forms:  Traditional databases running in a cloud environment  Virtual machine (VM) databases  Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) models Advantages Disadvantages Scalability, Requires cooperation between Reduction of on-premise cloud vendor and cloud physical infrastructure, subscriber for data security Security, Needs a database specialist on High availability, staff for a complex task like Cost savings, database management Ensuring software and security measures are up to date 21 Cloud Data Models  Two basic data models:  SQL  NoSQL  SQL:  Rely on structured tables with rows and columns linked together via relationships composed of unique, shared key fields  Used by traditional computing applications  NoSQL:  Drops the notion of relational tables  Deals with scalability and heavy read/write demands 22 Typical Features  Console screens with tools  To provision, configure and manage database instances, initiate new instances, control users, update, or create database structures, and so forth  Database management tools  To perform maintenance on their data and database structure.  Tools for managing scalability and costs  If pay-per-usage to stay under control 23 DBaaS Products  Amazon  Relational, NoSQL and data warehouse  Not for small organisations  Microsoft  SQL and NoSQL  Easier for non-specialists, suitable for small businesses  Google  SQL and NoSQL  Good solution for small and medium enterprises  Others  MongoDB, IBM DB2, SAP, Oracle Cloud Platform 24 Example of Cloud database products 25 Cloud Analytics Services  Works well with subscription-based approach  Elastic service is cost-effective  Facilitate interaction  Software can be complex to maintain, update Cloud-based analytics receives data from various and secure sources and enables collaboration. 26 Cloud-based tools  Microsoft Power BI  Domo  IBM Analytics  Tableau  Hadoop .. and many more 27 Open-Source Private Cloud Software  Vendors:  VMWare, Microsoft Cloud, SAP Cloud Platform, Dell Technologies Cloud, Amazon Virtual Private Cloud, and Google Virtual Private Cloud  Unique option - OpenStack  Open-source (sometimes called cloud OS)  Ideal for DevOps environments  Source code is managed by the OpenStack community 28 OpenStack: Main Services and Components 29 Other Services  Compute Services  Central processing unit (CPU) intensive operations  Tasks driven by virtual CPUs, arithmetic processing units (APUs) and graphical processing units (GPUs)  Ex.: Online games and virtual 3-D environments  Application Services  Fall under SaaS category  Includes application programs such as email, calendaring, business software, tax software, accounting systems, etc.  Off-premise and are shared resources 30 Summary  How IT activities and approaches are impacted by cloud computing  DevOps is enabled and promoted by cloud computing  IT specialists integrate development and operations actions and monitor  Reviewed IT resources enhanced in cloud environments  Includes database services, data analytics, and big data operations  Open source software platforms for business needs 31 Next Week – What’s Coming Up?  What is Virtualisation?  Types of Virtualisation  Components supporting Virtualisation 32 33