VPViro_L1_DK_Spring2024 Introduction to Virology Lecture 1 PDF

Introduction to Microbiology: Virology Lecture 1 – Introduction to viruses Darryn Knobel BVSc MSc PhD [email protected] Disclaimer The material used in this presentation has been obtained from different sources including books, published papers and online resources. It is intended only for educ...

Introduction to Microbiology: Virology Lecture 1 – Introduction to viruses Darryn Knobel BVSc MSc PhD [email protected] Disclaimer The material used in this presentation has been obtained from different sources including books, published papers and online resources. It is intended only for educational purposes. Much of the presented material comes from the following sources: § Flint, Racaniello, Rall, Hatziioannou, Skalka: Principles of Virology, Multi-Volume, 5th Edition § Virology Lectures 2023 Vincent Racaniello Columbia University (content licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License) (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGhmZX2NKiNkAKAp3BynockFLUiCkZ8aJ ) Going viral Viruses are everywhere Viruses are believed to be the most abundant and diverse biological entities on our planet, with an estimated 1031 particles on Earth Each of us probably has around 1013 virus particles in us right now (10,000,000,000,000/10 trillion) Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(8):514-527. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00536-5 Viruses are everywhere Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(8):514-527. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00536-5 Nature of viruses Nature of viruses Human viral diseases SMALLPOX HIV EBOLA RABIES SARS INFLUENZA Nature of viruses Animal viral diseases FMD BLUE TONGUE RABIES AFRICAN SWINE FEVER AHS RINDERPEST Nature of viruses Animal viral diseases Nature of viruses What is a virus? Are viruses living entities? A. B. C. D. E. Yes No Both (somewhere in-between) Neither (something else) I have no idea Nature of viruses What is a virus? History of virology Introduction History of virology Introduction History of virology Introduction Nature of viruses Giant viruses History of virology History of virology Concept of microorganisms Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) observation of living microorganisms Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) microrganisms do not ’sponatenously generate’; are associated with specific processes Robert Koch (1843-1910) association of particular microorganisms with specific diseases History of virology The evolving concept of virus Latin: ‘poisonous substance’ As early as 1728, ‘virus’ was used to describe an agent that causes infectious disease Thought to be a liquid History of virology Chamberland filter 1884: Charles Edouard Chamberland developed a porcelain filter to remove bacteria from water 1885: Pasteur found that the rabies agent passed through it, but thought it was a small bacteria History of virology Virus discovery – ‘filterable virus’ Dimitri Ivanovsky (1892) Martinus Beijerinck (1898) ‘contagium vivum fluidum’ Agent of tobacco mosaic disease passes through filters that retain bacteria History of virology Virus discovery – ‘filterable virus’ Friederich Loeffler & Paul Frosch (1898) Agent of foot-and-mouth disease is filterable Replicates only in the host (not in broth, as bacteria do) Still thought to be liquids History of virology Introduction History of virology Viruses as particles First electron microscope built in 1933 First EM of a virus (bacteriophage) in 1939 History of virology Viruses as particles History of virology Introduction