Vocabulary for IELTS PDF

# Growing Up ## Relationships, Families and Early Learning ### Relationships **1.1** Look at the following topics and decide whether you would discuss them with: - Your family - Your friends - A teacher 1. A study problem 2. Your favourite music 3. Buying something expensive 4. The last film you...

# Growing Up ## Relationships, Families and Early Learning ### Relationships **1.1** Look at the following topics and decide whether you would discuss them with: - Your family - Your friends - A teacher 1. A study problem 2. Your favourite music 3. Buying something expensive 4. The last film you saw **1.2** - Listen to four people talking about the topics above. - Write the number of the topic (1-4) from the list above and the person/people the speakers say they would talk to about this. - Write the words that helped you decide. | Speaker | Topic (1-4) | Words that helped you | Person/people they would talk to | |:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | A | 4 | movies, latest releases | classmates | | B | | | | | C | | | | | D | | | | **1.3** Listen again and decide which of the speakers (A-D) the sentences apply to. 1. The relationship between my brother and me is very close...... 2. I have a lot more in common with my friends than with my family..... 3. I have established a close connection with an older member of my family..... 4. The relationship between my parents and me has broken down..... **1.4** Collocation. Use words and phrases from the recording and the statements in 1.3 to complete the sentences. 1. My sister and I have totally different tastes. In fact we don't have much ______ at all. 2. There is a very close ______ between a mother and a newborn baby. 3. It is important to ______ a good working relationship ______ your work colleagues. 4. A relationship can easily ______ if you don't work at it. 5. I really admire the relationship ______ my mother and my grandmother. 6. There can be a lot of ______ between teenagers and their parents. **Vocabulary Note** Group together words that are similar in meaning or form. e.g. adulthood, brotherhood, fatherhood. NB hood is used to form a noun and shows something belongs to a particular group or has reached a particular stage (adulthood = the stage of being an adult). ## Families and Early Learning **2.1** Scan the text below and underline these words: - rewarding - sibling - relate - accommodating - adolescence - interaction - nurture **Study links early friendships with high-quality sibling relationships** Children who experience a rewarding friendship before the birth of a sibling are likely to have a better relationship with that brother or sister that endures throughout their childhood, said Laurie Kramer in a University of Illinois study published in December’s Journal of Family Psychology. 'When early friendships are successful, young children get the chance to master sophisticated social and emotional skills, even more than they do with a parent. When parents relate to a child, they do a lot of the work, figuring out what the child needs and then accommodating those needs,' says Kramer. However, this is not usually the case when two children are interacting. The research showed that the benefits of early friends are long-lasting. Children who had a positive relationship with a best friend before the birth of a sibling ultimately had a good relationship with their sibling that lasted throughout adolescence, Kramer said. And children who as preschoolers were able to coordinate play with a friend, manage conflicts, and keep an interaction positive in tone were most likely as teenagers to avoid the negative sibling interaction that can sometimes launch children on a path of anti-social behavior, she added. ‘From birth, parents can nurture and help develop these social competencies (or skills) by making eye contact with their babies, offering toys and playing with them,’ she said. **2.2** Read the text and match the words you have underlined to the following definitions. 1. Help someone/something develop and grow. 2. Agreeing to a demand. 3. Brother or sister. 4. Respond to somebody. 5. The stage between childhood and adulthood. 6. Giving a lot of pleasure. 7. Communication **Vocabulary Note** Look for familiar words in longer words to work out their meaning. e.g. correlation (one thing is linked with another), interrelated (the relationship between two or more things). NB The prefix co - (correlation or cooperate) often means with or together. The prefix inter - (interact or intercity) often means between. **2.3** Read the text again and say whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F). Underline the part of the text that gave you your answer. 1. If young children have good friends then they will have a good relationship with their brother or sister. 2. Parents help their children develop more social and emotional skills than friends do. 3. Friends will give you what you want more often than your parents do. 4. Teenagers who fight with their brothers or sisters may behave in a way that is socially unacceptable. 5. If parents play with their children more then they will learn how to be more sociable. **2.4** A lot of words connected with families and relationships can also be used in a different context. Complete the sentences with a word from the box. - adopt - conflict - nurture - related - relationship - relative - family - relation 1. The wolf is a member of the dog ______. 2. The company decided to ______ a new approach to staff recruitment. 3. The study found a strong ______ between a lack of friends and sibling rivalry. 4. Whether you think the price of goods is high is ______ to the amount of money you earn. 5. Studies have shown that stress in adulthood can be ______ to an unhappy childhood. 6. Good teachers identify the talents of their students and ______ them. 7. This evidence seems to ______ with the findings from previous studies. 8. I am writing in ______ to the job advertisement in yesterday's paper. **Error Warning** Note the following common errors: - I am writing in relation to/with your job advertisement. NOT in relation of. - My relationship with my parents is very strong. NOT My relation with my parents... **Vocabulary Note** Note these collocations with the word relationship. - Verbs: build a relationship, develop a relationship, establish a relationship, form a relationship, have a relationship - Adjectives: a close relationship, a long-standing relationship, a working relationship, a successful relationship - Prepositions: a relationship with someone, a relationship between two things or people (NOT relationship to someone) **3.1** Compound Nouns. Match the words in box A with the words in box B to make 10 compound nouns. You will need to use some words more than once. **A** - active - extended - family - immediate - maternal - sibling - stable - gatherings **B** - family - instinct - resemblance - rivalry - role - upbringing **3.2** Think about your answers to these questions. Then listen to a student’s answers and tick the phrases you hear in 3.1. 1. Tell me about your family. 2. Who are you most similar to in your family? 3. What do you think it takes to be a good parent? **3.3** Listen again and find the words that match these definitions. 1. Caring and supportive 2. The emotional connection between people or places 3. Similar 4. Your nature or character 5. Determined to an unreasonable degree 6. Handed down through a family **3.4** Now practise answering the questions fully. Record your answers, if possible. # Test Practice ## Listening Section 1 **Questions 1-10** Complete the form below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. **Ascot Child Care Centre Enrolment Form** **Personal Details** - Family name: ______ - Child’s first name: (1) ______ - Age: (2) ______ - Birthday: (3) ______ - Other children in the family: a brother aged (4) ______ - Address: (5) ______ - Emergency contact number: 3467 8890 - Relationship to child: (6) ______ **Development** - Has difficulty (7) ______ during the day - Is able to (8) ______ herself **Child-care arrangements** - Days required: (9) ______ and ______ - Pick-up time: (10) ______ # Mental and Physical Development ## The Body, The Mind ### The Body **1.1** How old were you when you first learned to... - crawl - walk - talk - ride a bike - read - tie a shoelace? **1.2** You will hear a talk about early development in children. Listen and complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. | Stage | Physical Milestones | Social and emotional milestones | Cognitive and communicative milestones | |:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | Infant | can sit and stand without help | likes to mimic <br> tries to see how parents react to their (1)... <br> is more (4)... <br> takes turns | (5)... <br> can use basic words and (2)... <br> uses objects for their intended purpose <br> greater understanding of language <br> uses (6)... in play | | (3)... | is able to (5)... things <br> ride a tricycle <br> growth is not as (9)... as in earlier stages <br> (10)... and (11)... are the same size as in adulthood | | good reading and writing (12)... | | Middle Childhood | the (7)... has a greater impact on development <br> some children appear grown up, others are (8)... | | | **1.3** Listen to the talk again and find words that mean the same as the following. 1. Learned (a skill) 2. Copying people 3. Without help 4. In a natural, unforced way 5. Developed a skill to a high level 6. Phase (2 words) **1.4** Word Building. Complete the table. | Verb | Noun | Adjective | |:---:|:---:|:---:| | develop | | fully- | | grow | | mature | ## Mental and Physical Development **2.1** Read this text about development in adolescence. Then complete the following sentences with words from the text. The final stage before adulthood is adolescence. This is a period of transition for teenagers and there are many crucial milestones. Socially and emotionally, teens worry that they may not be developing at the same rate as their peers. They become extremely self-conscious and may be overly sensitive about their appearance. Teens may rebel against their parents but are also more able to accept the consequences of their actions. This is also a period of enormous physical change and adolescents experience changes in their physical development at a rate unparalleled since infancy. These changes include significant gains in height and weight. Within a year, boys and girls can gain an average of 4.1 inches and 3.5 inches in height respectively. This growth spurt typically occurs two years earlier for girls than for boys and can tend to make both sexes go through a clumsy phase. In terms of their cognitive development, adolescents have greater reasoning skills and have developed the ability to think logically and hypothetically. They are also able to discuss more abstract concepts. They should also have developed strategies to help them study. 1. First-year students often struggle with the ______ from high school to university. 2. The ______ at which a change occurs can cause problems for both the very young and the elderly. 3. It can be less stressful to make a presentation to your ______ rather than to your teachers. 4. The increase in violence among young people may be a ______ of watching too much violence on TV and in video games. 5. Petrol prices are increasing at a speed that is ______ since the oil crisis of the 70s. 6. Teenagers ______ rebel against their parents between the ages of 14 and 16. 7. In part three of the speaking test you are expected to be able to talk about more ______ topics. 8. Infinity is a very difficult ______ for children to grasp. **2.2** What stage would you associate the following words and phrases with? Write the words in the correct column below. - crawling - irresponsible - overindulgent - patient - throw a tantrum - unsteady | Childhood | Parenthood | |:---:|:---:| | clumsy | mature | | immature | nurturing | | overprotective | rebellious | | tolerant | | **Vocabulary Note** The prefix im - is often in front of adjectives beginning with b, m or p to form the opposite or to show that something is lacking. e.g. immature, impossible. Similarly, ir - often comes in front of words beginning with r, il - often comes in front of words beginning with / and in - in front of other words: irresponsible, illegal, insensitive. However, there are exceptions: unbelievable, displeased, unlikely, unpopular etc. The prefix over - can also be negative, meaning too much: overdeveloped, overdue, overcrowded, oversensitive. **Error Warning** Grow can be used with plants: We could grow flowers and trees here. Or with things: The business is growing rapidly. But grow up can only be used with people or cities: The city grew up from a small group of houses near the river. Grow up is intransitive, which means you can’t use it with an object. NOT The government grew up the city. **2.3** Many words used to talk about human growth can also be used to talk about data and statistics. Complete the sentences with a suitable word from the text in 2.1. You may need to change the form of the words. 1. The ______ of greatest stability occurred between 1985 and 1990. 2. The greatest period of ______ was in 2004. 3. The figures ______ from 2,500 to 6,000 in 2007. 4. The company ______ an extra 2,000 employees in 2002. 5. Sales increased at a significant ______ between 2001 and 2005. 6. The number of migrants rose ______ from 1980 to 2000. ### The Mind **3** Match the phrases in A with the definitions in B. **A** 1. Keep an open mind 2. Bear in mind 3. Have something in mind 4. Have something on your mind 5. My mind went blank 6. It slipped my mind 7. Put your mind at ease 8. Broaden the mind **B** A. Increase your knowledge B. I forgot. C. I couldn’t remember a thing. D. Remember E. Try not to judge before you know the facts. F. Be worried about something G. Have an idea H. Stop you from worrying **Error Warning** Remember = to have a memory in your mind. I remember my first day at school. Remind = someone or something helps you to remember something. Remind is not usually used with the subject I. It reminds me of when I lived in Egypt. NOT Iremind of when. You remind me of my sister. NOT L remind me of. **4.1** Think about your answers to these questions. 1. What do you remember about your early childhood? 2. Do you think you have a good memory or a poor memory? **4.2** Now listen to a student answering the questions in 4.1 and make a note of all of the words and phrases connected with memory. - remember - memories **4.3** Correct the vocabulary mistakes in these sentences. 1. I will always memory how beautiful the sunset was on that day. 2. I have very fond reminders of my school days. 3. Could you remember me to buy some bread on the way home? 4. At school we always had to memory long lists of vocabulary. 5. I remind how happy our childhood was. ## Keeping Fit ### Diet **1.1** Answer these questions. 1. How healthy are you? A very healthy B moderately healthy C unhealthy? 2. Tick the appropriate column below to show how often you eat the different foods. | I eat… | At least once a day | A few times a week | Once a week | Rarely/never | |:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | Cakes or chocolate | | | | | | Fried fast foods | | | | | | Fish | | | | | | Fruit | | | | | | Meat | | | | | | Vegetables | | | | | **1.2** Complete the gaps in the text below using words from the box. - factors - ingredients - maintain - nutrients - overeating - overweight - servings - variety **How to Improve Your Diet** - Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. These contain vital (2) ______ of foods. It is important to eat from all five food groups. - Make sure that you eat a (1) ______ variety ______. and leading dietitians recommend eating at least two (3) ______ of fruit and three of vegetables every day. - Try to (4) ______ a healthy weight. Being too thin can cause as many health problems as being (5) ______ overweight. Remember, the correct weight for you depends on many different (6) ______ including your age, height and sex. - Eat moderate portions and don’t be tempted to order a larger size when eating out. Skipping meals can lead to (7) ______ overeating, as you will be much hungrier later, so be sure to eat regularly if you want to curb your appetite. - You don't need to eliminate all of your favourite foods but do check the (8) ______ on food labels and make sure that you reduce your intake of foods that are high in fats, sugar and salt. - If you have a food allergy, make sure you avoid any of the ingredients that can trigger an attack. **1.3** Match these words and phrases with words from the advice in 1.2. 1. Very important 2. Food scientists 3. Neither small nor large 4. Servings 5. Missing out on - limit - desire to eat - totally remove - a condition that causes illness if you eat certain foods - activate ### Health and Exercise **2.1** You will hear part of a health talk. Listen and complete the summary below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. The heart is a (1) ______. A diet high in (2) ______ can slow down the ______ and lead to heart problems. A heart attack is caused when an ______ artery that (4) ______ to the heart becomes (5) ______. Patients must be given (6) ______ immediately. A stroke is caused when there is a blockage in an artery that leads to the (7) ______. A stroke can have a major effect on your body and as yet there is no (8) ______. A healthy diet will keep your arteries (9) ______ and can lower the (10) ______ of a stroke or heart attack. **Vocabulary Note** The following words are often used with the word health. - Nouns: health benefits, health risks, health problems, health care, health education, health system - Adjectives: in good health, in poor health, in excellent health We can use healthy to describe things other than your body: a healthy appetite, a healthy diet, a healthy economy, a healthy disrespect for authority **Error Warning** Note that health is a noun and healthy is the adjective. We write or talk about education and health or mental health. NOT education and healthy or mental healthy. We say someone is strong and healthy NOT strong and health **2.2** Now listen to part 2 of the talk and answer the questions. 1. Write down three types of aerobic exercise that are mentioned: ______, ______, ______. 2. Listen again and find words that mean the same as the following: - in a fixed pattern: ______ - quickly: ______ - little by little: ______ - a strong suggestion: ______ - speed: ______ - doing something to excess: ______ - get better: ______ - every second one: ______ **Vocabulary Note** -tion at the end of a word usually indicates that the word is a noun: action, repetition. -tious indicates an adjective: repetitious **3** Word Building. Complete the table below. You do not need to write anything in the shaded areas. Write the opposites where indicated (opp.). | Noun | Verb | Adjective | Noun | Verb | Adjective | |:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | allergy | | | nutrition | | | | benefit | | | | prevent | obese | | harm | | opp. = | | | recommended | | health | | opp. = | | | | | infection | | opp. = | | | | **4.1** Pronunciation. Put the words into the correct box according to their sound, then practise saying the words. Listen and check your answers. - bath - bathe - birth - breath - breathe - death - growth - health - mouth (v) - mouth (n) - teeth - teethe - writhe | θ (an unvoiced sound as in think) | ð (a voiced sound as in this) | |:---:|:---:| | bath | bathe | **4.2** Complete the sentences with words from 4.1. Then listen to the recording to check your answers. Practise saying the sentences. 1. I took a deep ______ before diving into the water. 2. The baby is crying because he’s ______. He got two new ______ only yesterday. 3. Old people should take care of their ______ . 4. He’s been so happy since the ______ of his son. 5. The pain was so bad she was ______ in agony. 6. He can’t ______. You need to get him to hospital. **5** Improve this essay by replacing the words in italics with ONE OR TWO words from this unit. In the future we won’t have to worry about what we eat. We’ll just take a tablet to give us all that our body needs and cooking will become a thing of the past. In our modern world we often look for quick solutions to our problems. We expect to be able to achieve a great deal with little effort. But I don’t believe we can apply this notion to our diet and still remain healthy. Preparing a healthy meal can take a lot of time. First you need to have fresh ingredients. Pre-packaged foods can contain a lot of unhealthy additives and so they are not as *good* for your body as fresh food. You also need to make sure to include a *lot* of different foods to make sure that you receive all of the vitamins and minerals that are *very, very important* to a healthy diet. It is not surprising then that some people want to find a simple solution to this in the form of a pill. Fast foods are very high in fat, sugar and salt and so we should eat them in small amounts. For some people, however, these foods have become their staple diet and as a result they are fat. If we want to *stop* this from becoming an even bigger problem in the future then we need to address this situation now. While vitamin tablets may be of some benefit, they are unlikely to be effective in the fight against people getting too fat. Health authorities need to increase public awareness of these issues, but we also need to be realistic. Fast food is popular not only because it is convenient but also because it is tasty. Perhaps we should *strongly advise* that people who eat fast food every day should at least *swap* fast food with fresh food on every second day. Finally, we eat for pleasure as well as nutrition and for this reason I believe that pills will never replace well-cooked food. ## Lifestyles ### Life **1.1** Think about how you would answer the following questions. 1. Do you think people work too much nowadays? 2. What do you like to do to relax? 3. What is your idea of a perfect day? 4. How would you describe your attitude to life? **1.2** Now listen to four people answering these questions and decide which of the words in the box below best describes each speaker. - pessimist - realist - optimist - risk-taker | Speaker | | |:---:|:---:| | Speaker 1 | | | Speaker 2 | | | Speaker 3 | | | Speaker 4 | | **1.3** Listen to the speakers again and complete the following phrases. | Speaker | | |:---:|:---:| | Speaker 1 | work hard for ______; something in life: ______; life has its ______ | | Speaker 2 | live life on ______; feel ______; your quality ______ | | Speaker 3 | have a ______ attitude; life is full of ______ | | Speaker 4 | have a positive ______; live life to ______; a happy life ______ | **1.4** Make a note of any of these words and phrases that apply to you and then answer the questions in 1.1 again. **Vocabulary Note** Note the difference between life and living. Life is used to refer to the period between birth and death. Living is used to refer to being alive. Make a living refers to earning money. **2** Collocation. Complete the words or phrases in the sentences with *life* or *living*. Which answers are written as one word? 1. Going to Egypt and seeing the pyramids was a once in ______ time opportunity for me. 2. The standard of ______ in my country is very good; there are not many poor people there. 3. In my job as a nurse I get to meet people from all walks of ______. 4. For me, being a vegetarian is not just about diet, it has become a way of ______. 5. Many people only think about bills they need to pay and forget to allow for everyday ______ expenses when they calculate a budget. 6. It was a ______ long ambition of mine to travel to the Arctic Circle and see the northern lights. 7. A rise in petrol prices inevitably leads to a rise in the cost of ______. 8. The happiest people are those who have found a way to make a ______ from their hobby. ### Leisure **3.1** Read the text and decide whether the sentences below are true or false. Match the words in bold in the sentences with one of the underlined words or phrases in the text. Leisure activity isn’t just for fun, says a University of Florida psychologist who has developed a scale that classifies hobbies based on needs they satisfy in people. The scale can help people find more personal fulfilment by giving them insight into what they really like. “The surprising thing is that activities you might think are very different have similar effects on people,' said Howard E.A. Tinsley, a UF psychology professor who developed the measurement. Probably no one would consider acting to have the same characteristics as roller-skating or playing baseball, but men and women who act as a hobby report feeling an intense sense of belonging to a group, much the same way others do in playing sports.’ And activities providing the strongest sense of competition are not sports, but card, arcade and computer games, he found. Participating in soccer satisfies our desire for a sense of ‘belonging’ and coin collecting and baking fulfil their need for ‘creativity.’ ‘With so many people in jobs they don’t care for, leisure is a prized aspect of people’s lives,’ Tinsley said. ‘Yet it’s not something psychologists really study. Economists tell us how much money people spend skiing, but nobody explains why skiing really appeals to people.’ Or how one activity relates to another, perhaps in unexpected ways, Tinsley said. Fishing, generally considered more of an outdoor recreational activity, for example, is a form of self-expression like quilting or stamp collecting, because it gives people the opportunity to express some aspect of their personality by doing something completely different from their daily routine, he said. 1. Both acting and roller-skating give people a strong feeling of being part of a team. 2. Taking part in sports gives you the strongest desire to win. 3. Collecting things satisfies people’s desire for making things. 4. Researchers already know why a hobby attracts a person. 5. Fishing allows you to show the type of person you are. **3.2** Now look at the remaining words and phrases that have been underlined in the text and match them to these definitions. 1. A feeling of doing what you have always wanted to do. 2. A deep understanding. 3. A feature of. 4. Something that is done for enjoyment in your free time. (x3) 5. Things you do every day. **4.1** Collocation. Match the verbs with nouns from the box. You may use the words more than once. - achieve - make - meet - miss - play - put - set - take - a goal - a balance - a living - a balance - a choice - a need - a goal - a living - a role - a change - a chance - an opportunity - pressure (on) - a decision **4.2** Correct the 14 vocabulary mistakes in the text. Although we have a better standard of *living* nowadays, in many ways our *quality* of life is not as good as in the past because we are always too busy to *enjoy* what we have. Everyday life today is much more complicated than in the past. Even in our leisure time we have to take so many choices about what to do or even what to watch on TV. We are often *spolited* for choice and this can leave us feeling confused and dissatisfied. We all know that it is important to get a *balance* between work and play, but many of us do not succeed. Instead, we make extra *pressure* for ourselves by trying to be as successful in our work life as in our personal life. Life in the past was much simpler as many people worked to get their basic needs. Today, for many of us, our job is not just a way of making a *life*. For many, work is an important role in our everyday life and gives us a strong sense of personal fulfilment. What is more, we have become much more *materialistic*. Many people get themselves *goals* such as buying a new house or car and so we measure our success by the material things we own. Desiring these luxuries is what motivates us to work much harder than in the past, so in many ways we *choice* this way of life. We have worked hard to improve our standard of *living*, but it may have come at a very high price. We need to take some *changes* in our priorities so that family occasions are as important as business meetings. We should also make every possible *opportunity* to relax and enjoy our leisure time. Once you have given the *decision* to do this, you should find that your quality of life also improves. My ultimate aim is to have a happy family life. If I get this goal then I know I will not regret any chances I have lost to stay longer at the office. # Student Life ## Study, Education, Research ### Study **1.1** Before you read the text, answer these questions. 1. Do you prefer to study… - at school or college - in a library - at home? 2. Do you study best… - early in the morning - during the day - at night? 3. Do you prefer to work… - with friends - with background music - in silence? **1.2** Now complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the box. There may be more than one possible answer so try to use each verb once only. - concentrate - do - learn - overcome - organise - study - take - teach - review - revise Even the most studious among you will probably have difficulty ______ at some stage in your academic career. If or when this happens, the only way to (1) ______ this problem is to go back to basics. First, make sure you have a comfortable environment to (2) ______ in. Some students need to have a quiet space to themselves and can’t (3) ______ if there are too many distractions. Others need some sort of background noise, such as music or the company of friends. Whatever your personal preference is, you need to (4) ______ this first of all. Next, make sure you have all of the equipment or tools that you need. For example, if you are (5) ______ a geography course and you have to (6) ______ about countries and their capital cities then you will need to have your atlas to hand. If you’re (7) ______ your maths homework then be sure to find your calculator, ruler, protractor and compass before you start. Perhaps you’re not preparing a homework assignment or project, but are trying to (8) ______ for an exam. If so, you need to know exactly what is on your curriculum. You should also (9) ______ your notes and make sure that you have a clear understanding of what your lecturers ______ you. Of course, people with a learning disorder such as dyslexia may need to work harder than others at their studies as they often struggle to read even relatively simple texts. **1.3** Now read the text again and find a word or phrase to match these definitions. 1. Describes someone who studies a lot. 2. Things that stop you from working. 3. A sound you can hear, but do not actively listen to. 4. Two different types of homework or school task, ______ and ______. 5. To study for an exam. 6. Another word for syllabus. 7. To check your work. 8. To do something with great difficulty. **1.4** Underline the correct words in each sentence. 1. I would really like to learn about / study about the ancient Egyptians. 2. We need to find out / know where to buy the tickets for the concert. 3. I got into trouble at school because I didn’t know / find out my multiplication tables. 4. I did well in the test because I had known / learned how to spell all of the words on the list. 5. Excuse me, do you find out / know where the nearest post office is? 6. It was difficult for me to learn / study at home, because we didn’t have a lot of space. 7. I want to learn how / study how to drive a car. 8. I think you can only really learn from / learn with experience. **Error Warning** - Know = already have the information, find out = get the information. - Study = learn about a subject through books / a course: I’m studying law, I’m studying for my exams. We don’t use any other prepositions after study. NOT Iam studying about law. - Learn = get new knowledge or skills: I’m learning English, I’m learning to knit. Note that we say you are taking a course, NOT learning-a-course. - NB Prepositions after learn: learn about, learn from, learn to: I learned a lot from this course. NOT Hearned a lot with this course. ### Education **2.1** Replace the words in italics below with ONE word. Then listen to the recording and check your answers. Teacher Can you tell me about your early education? Student Well, I went to * e-school* for very young children from the age of four and I remember that I didn’t enjoy it very much at all. My *from the age of 5 to 11 school* was a little better, especially because my mum was a teacher in the school. She taught in the *younger part of the school* and she was actually my teacher in *first level*, but when I went up to the *older part of the school* I didn’t see very much of her. After that I was lucky enough to *receive a chance* to go to school without paying fees for a very good *from age 11 to 18 school*. My parents couldn’t have afforded to send me to a *not free school* so it was a really great opportunity for me. It was a *only for one sex school*, so there were no boys. I’m glad I didn’t go to a *for boys and girls school* because I think there are fewer distractions so everyone can just concentrate on their studies