Understanding The Self PDF

UNDERSTANDIN G THE SELF  PRAYER Dear Heavenly Father, thank you for looking after our school. Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about to learn. Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen and write. Guide us by your eternal light as we discover more about th...

UNDERSTANDIN G THE SELF  PRAYER Dear Heavenly Father, thank you for looking after our school. Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about to learn. Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen and write. Guide us by your eternal light as we discover more about the world around us. HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO  HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO THE MORE OF THIS THERE IS, THE LESS YOU SEE. WHAT IS IT? Darkness  HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO I’M LIGHT AS A FEATHER, YET THE STRONGEST PERSON CAN’T HOLD ME FOR FIVE MINUTES. WHAT AM I? Your Breath  HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO WHAT INVENTION LETS YOU LOOK RIGHT THROUGH A WALL? Window  HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO IF YOU’RE RUNNING IN A RACE AND YOU PASS THE PERSON IN SECOND PLACE, WHAT PLACE ARE YOU IN? Second Place  HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO IT BELONGS TO YOU, BUT OTHER PEOPLE USE IT MORE THAN YOU DO. WHAT IS IT? Your Name  HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO WHAT IS 3/7 CHICKEN, 2/3 CAT AND 2/4 GOAT? ChiCaGo  HULAAN NIYO, ANO AKO THE MORE YOU TAKE, THE MORE YOU LEAVE BEHIND. WHAT AM I? Footsteps  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Explain the value of understanding the self; (CO1) 2. Discuss the different notions of the self from the points of view of the various philosophers across time and place; (CO1, CO2) 3. Compare and contrast how the self has been represented in different philosophical schools; (CO1, CO2)  Encourage people to understand self ''KNOW THY SELF'' Main Who you are? companion Who you wanted to be? Who you can be?  WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?  PHILOSOP HY Philia / Philo = Love Sophia = Wisdom The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. (Oxford Dictionary)  PHILOSOPHE RWisdom Lover of Strives to know wisdom and the meaning of life. WHY THEY STUDY PHILOSOPHY? They want to understand how and why people do certain things and how to live a good life.  INTRODUCTION At Contoso, we empower organizations to foster collaborative thinking to further drive workplace innovation. By closing the loop and leveraging agile frameworks, we help business grow organically and foster a consumer-first mindset.​ 20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 17  SOCRATES UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING. ‘‘Know thy Self’’ Self is synonymous to Soul.  How to be human?  Soul is perfect, belongs to the Ideal/Perfect Realm.  Body is imperfect, belongs to the Physical Realm.  He created the Introspection or Socratic Method.  SOCRATES Introspection or Socratic Method is a method of carefully examining our thoughts and emotions to gain self knowledge.  The highest form of human excellence is to question oneself.  Death is just the separation of the soul and the body, not the end of life.  PLATO THE SELF IS AN IMMORTAL SOUL  Same with Socrates with some add ons.  A person has two parts: body and soul  He believes that Rational Soul – divine essence that enables us to think deeply, based on logic and intellect. 20  PLATO  Spirited Soul – based on basic human emotion and moods.  Appetitive/Physical Soul – based on the biological needs such as; hunger, thirst and sexual desire.  Plato believes that genuine happiness can only be achieved by people who make sure that their reason is in control of their Spirit and Appetites. 21  ARISTOTLE THE SOUL IS THE ESSENCE OF THE SELF  Body and soul are not separate elements but one thing.  Soul is not capable without the body therefore, the soul dies along with the body.  He suggest that anything in life has a soul.  There are three kinds of soul: o Vegetative Soul – physical body, allow things to grow.  ARISTOTLE o Sentient Soul – based on sensual desires, feelings and emotions. o Rational Soul – what makes us human.  Man are rational animals because of our rational nature.  He believes that once we understand everything around us it will lead us to a good and fulfilling life.  ST. AUGUSTINE KNOWING GOD IS KNOWING ONESELF  He is the Socrates and Plato in the Christian World.  He believed that the soul is immortal. The soul is the important element of a man.  The soul is what governs and defines the human person or the self. 24  ST. AUGUSTINE  The only way to know about soul is to know more about God.  The body is the imperfect part of a person that is doomed to die on earth and constantly drives to be in touch with the spiritual realm of the Divine God. 25  RENE DESCARTES I THINK THEREFORE I AM  Father of Modern Philosophy  Cogito ergo sum  The self is a doubting entity that doubts, understand, analyzes, questions and reasons.  For him, the act of thinking about the self – of being self conscious – is in itself proof that there is a self. 26  RENE DESCARTES  He contends that if the man reflects thoughtfully, he will realize that there are two dimensions of the human self:  Thinking Self – non-material, immortal, conscious being and independent on the physical laws of the universe.  Physical Body – mortal, material and fully governed by the physical laws of nature. 27  RENE DESCARTES  He thinks that everything is a lie rather than illusion.  The mind exist on its own.  The fact that he doubt and thinks means he is existing. Rationalist – focuses on mind. Empiricist – focuses on experiences and evidences. 28  JOHN LOCKE THE SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS  Tabula Rasa or a Blank State  Experiences shape and mold the self throughout a person’s life.  Self-consciousness is necessary to have a coherent personal identity or knowledge of the self as a person.  He proposed that people could use the power of reason to gain knowledge and consequently use this to understand experiences.  JOHN LOCKE THE SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS  The self is the collection of memories, organized by consciousness  Consciousness is what makes belief possible that we are the same identity in different situations.  DAVID HUME THERE IS NO SELF  There is no past nor future, only the present stimulation provided by the environment.  He believed that, if people carefully examine the contents of their experience, they will find that there are only distinct entities: impressions and ideas.  What people experience is just a bundle of collection of different perception. The idea of self identity is result of imagination. 31  IMMANUEL KANT WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF  The self construct its own reality creating a world that is familiar and predictable.  We synthesize both to create the self.  We have different perceptions and different synthesizing of out internal and external world.  IMMANUEL KANT WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF  Through our rationality, the self transcends sense of experience.  The self that makes experiencing an intelligible world possible because it is the self that it is actively organizing and synthesizing all out thoughts and perception.  Internal World – thoughts and feelings  External – happenings outside of our control.  SIGMUND FREUD THE SELF IS MULTILAYERED  According to Freud there are three levels of mind: Conscious – reality principle Preconscious – material that is not threatening and is easily brought to mind Unconscious – things that you forget / want to forget  There are three provinces of the mind: (same as Plato’s concept) 34  Thoughts Perception Stored Knowledge Memories Violent Irrational Wishes Motives Immoral Urges Fears Unacceptable Shameful Selfish Needs Experiences Sexual Desires 35  SIGMUND FREUD THE SELF IS MULTILAYERED Id – deepest desire Ego – reasonable, conscious part (I, Myself) Superego – moralistic choices, right and wrong.  We are doomed to suffer in this world, and we are doomed to become unhealthy individuals. If you don’t explore unconscious it can lead to destruction or grotesque 36  GILBERT RYLE I ACT THEREFORE I AM  The way we do things, define the self.  Self is understood as a pattern of behavior.  The mind does not exist, and hence, cannot be the seat of the self.  PAUL CHURCHLAND THE SELF IS THE BRAIN  All a person has is the brain, and so if the brain is gone, there is no self.  Physical brain and not the imaginary mind, gives people the sense of self.  The mind does not really exist because it cannot be experienced by the senses. 38  MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY SELF IS EMBODIED SUBJECTIVITY  The body is the key part of the subjective self.  SUBJECTIVITY – a real thing that can do real things and have real effects.  Self can never be truly objectified.  All our knowledge within ourselves are based on our subjective experience.  PRAYER Dear Heavenly Father, thank you for looking after our school. Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about to learn. Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen and write. Guide us by your eternal light as we discover more about the world around us.  SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: THE SELF AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIETY THE SELF, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE  LEARNING OBJECTIVES RECOGNIZE WHAT COMPREHEND AND EXPLAIN HOW SOCIOLOGY TELLS UNDERSTAND SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS VIEW THE ABOUT UNDERSTANDING WORK AREAS IN WHICH SELF AS A PRODUCT OF THE SELF AND OTHERS SOCIAL WORKERS WORK SOCIALIZATION DISCUSS THE SELF AS A PRODUCT OF MODERN AND POST MODERN SOCIETIES  SOCIOLOGY Latin Word ‘‘socius’’ means ‘‘companion’’ Greek word ‘‘logos’’ means ‘‘speech/reason’’ “reasoned speech about companionship” field of study that analyzes and explains important matters in our personal lives, our communities, and the world. (UNC College of Arts and Sciences) ‘‘Understanding of the self only arises in relationship, in watching yourself in relationship to people, ideas, and things; to trees, the earth, and the world around you and within you. Relationship is the mirror in which the self revealed. Without self-knowledge there is no basis for right thought and action.’’ - Jiddu Krishnamurti  THE SELF AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL INTERACTION 1. Self does not depend on biological predisposition. 2. The sense of self emerges as the individual partakes in society. 3. Human behavior is influenced by a group of life. 4. A particular view of oneself is formed through interactions with other people, groups, or social institution.  Charles Horton Cooley THE LOOKING-GLASS  The people SELFwhom a person interacts with become a mirror in which he or she views himself or herself. I. How we imagine we appear to others. II. How we analyzes how others perceive us. III. Our self image based on the judgement or evaluation of others.  Since this perception are subjective there might be some wrong interpretations of how  Charles Horton Cooley THE LOOKING-GLASS SELF  It would be critical if someone things that others judge him unfavorably as it will develop a negative self image THREE STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOOKING GLASS SELF  IMAGINATION W E IM AGINE HOW W E APPEAR TO OTHERS – W E ENVISION HOW OTHERS MIGHT VIEW OUR ACTIONS AND BEHAVIORS. INTERPRETATI ON W E IM AGINE HOW OTHERS JUDGE US – W E CONSIDER THE REACTIONS AND JUDGMENTS OF OTHERS TOW ARDS OUR BEHAVIORS. SELF - FEELING W E DEVELOP OUR SELF -CONCEPT – BASED ON THESE PERCEPTIONS, W E FORM AN UNDERSTANDING OF OURSELVES. OUR SELF -CONCEPT IS SHAPED BY THE FEEDBACK AND RESPONSES W E RECEIVE FROM OTHERS.  George Herbert Mead SOCIAL SELF THEORY (I AND ME)  I – is the subjective element and active side of the self. It represents the spontaneous and unique traits of the individual.  Me – objective element of the self that represents the internalized attitudes and demands of other people and the individual’s awareness of those demands. THE ASPECT OF MEAD’S SOCIAL SELF THEORY THE “I” AND THE “ME The “I” is the spontaneous aspect of the self. It is the part that acts without considering social consequences, while the “Me” is a socialized aspect shaped by social expectations and norms. It is the self that acts based on how others expect one to behave ROLE-TAKING We develop a sense of self by imagining how others perceive us and adjusting our behavior accordingly SIGNIFICANT OTHERS AND Significant others have a direct influence on the GENERALIZED OTHERS person (e.g., parents) and Generalized others represent society’s collective norms and expectations individuals internalize. (e.g., society). Mead found that children initially only adopt the roles of significant others. As they develop, they start to understand and adopt the expectations of others and eventually those of the entire group (generalized others). MEAD’S STAGES OF SELF DEVELOPMENT PREPARATORY STAGE (IMITATION) The preparatory stage starts from birth to age two (2). Within this stage, children copy others but don’t understand their actions, words, or tone of voice.  PLAY STAGE (TAKING ON ROLES) The play stage occurs from about ages three (3) to six (6). During this period, children engage in imaginative play. They pretend and still do not follow the rules within organized games. Children would ‘pretend’ to be “mother” or “father,” depending on their observation  GAME STAGE (UNDERSTANDING MULTIPLE ROLES) The game stage typically begins at age seven (7). Children start to comprehend and follow the rules of games, take on roles independently, and consider others’ perspectives, forming the concept of “generalized others.”  QUESTIONS? CLARIFICATIONS ?