TRMA 302: Public Transportation Management System PDF

TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Metropolitan Area: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ⎯ A group of adjacent cities with high volumes...

TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Metropolitan Area: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ⎯ A group of adjacent cities with high volumes of ⎯ People in urban areas engage in daily travel to people moving between them, referred to as a participate in various socio-economic activities metropolis. essential for development. ⎯ Urban areas significantly influence a nation’s PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION overall development, making them crucial for ⎯ Public transportation refers to the fleet of economic progress. carriers (vehicles, vessels, etc.) used to move ⎯ Residents in urban areas primarily depend on people and goods for a fee. public transportation services to carry out socio- ⎯ It is a sub-system of the overall transportation economic activities, highlighting the importance system, providing essential services to the public. of an efficient passenger public transportation system for urban living. Management: ⎯ Supervision and control of the public DEFINITION OF URBAN PUBLIC transportation sub-system as a whole. This is TRANSPORTATION generally handled by the government through Urban Area: various agencies. ⎯ The government's main objective is to protect the ⎯ A place with a high density of human structures, interests of the public who use these services. including houses, commercial buildings, and roads. Service Providers: Land Use: ⎯ While public transportation is regulated by the government, it is primarily operated by the private ⎯ Urban areas primarily serve high-density sector (private operators). residential, commercial, educational, and institutional purposes. Infrastructure Use: Population Density: ⎯ Public transport carriers rely on infrastructure facilities like roads, railways, ports, and airports. ⎯ Characterized by a significant number of people living in a relatively small area; commonly ⎯ The development and improvement of these referred to as a city. facilities directly impact the operations of public transport services. Suburban Area: ⎯ Surrounding areas of an urban center, often with Urban Public Transportation System: lower density. ⎯ Defined as public transport carrier services that operate within urban areas and their suburbs. Town Center: ⎯ Primarily consists of land-based transport modes, ⎯ Also known as "población," it's considered part of with some water transport modes. an urban area. 1 TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN TYPES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION THE ECONOMY SERVICES Significance of Transportation: a) Goods Public Transport ⎯ Transportation plays a crucial role in a country's b) Passenger Public Transport economic system, a concept explored in various PASSENGER PUBLIC TRANSPORT transportation management subjects. TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES: IN TERMS OF “AREA OR ROUTE OF OPERATION” Public Transportation's Role: A. FOR-HIRE PUBLIC TRANSPORT ⎯ The public transportation sub-system is a key ⎯ A public transport service provided by an component of the transportation system, primarily operator. responsible for meeting the demand for moving ⎯ Available to all parties who meet the conditions of people and goods. Most movements depend on a contract or agreement for carriage. public transportation services. ⎯ Operates in a non-fixed route and a non-fixed schedule. Passenger Movement in Metro Manila: Example: Tricycles, Taxis, and in some cases AUV services. ⎯ Studies indicate that approximately 75% of daily passenger movements in Metro Manila utilize B. FIXED-ROUTE PUBLIC TRANSPORT public transport services of various types. ⎯ A public transport service with a fixed route. ⎯ Sometimes has a fixed schedule available for use by all persons who pay the established fare or Interprovincial and Inter-regional Travel: transport charge. ⎯ The trend of using public transportation is also Example: Jeepneys, UV Express, mini buses, buses, prevalent in interprovincial and inter-regional rail way – based modes, e.g. LRT and water-based passenger movements. modes, e.g. river ferry o In the road and railway transport sector, a fixed-route public transport service is called a Goods Movement: transit service. ⎯ Public transportation is essential for transporting o A transit service with a high capacity is called goods from production areas to consumption mass transit. centers, distributing products from warehouses to markets, and moving items between transport terminals. PASSENGER TRANSIT SERVICE BY ROUTE Economic Impact: 1. SHORT HAUL TRANSIT ⎯ The substantial role of public transportation in ⎯ low speed service within small areas of high facilitating the movement of people and goods travel density; also called local route. makes it a vital tool in the transportation system, significantly contributing to the economy. 2 TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2. CITY ROUTE 3. IRREGULAR SERVICE ⎯ main transport services along routes linking ⎯ operated only during special events. main activity centers in the city; also called an urban trunkline route. HIERARCHY OF PASSENGER PUBLIC 3. REGIONAL TRANSIT TRANSIT MODES ⎯ transit service on long, high-speed routes with LEVELS OF TRANSIT SERVICE CAPACITY few stops serving long trips. MODES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT: ⎯ Public transport services exist in various modes. BY STOPPING SCHEDULE ⎯ These modes are classified by their body sizes, 1. LOCAL SERVICE ranging from small to large. ⎯ vehicles stop as required by passengers with no CARRYING CAPACITY: fixed stopping areas; operating on local roads to ⎯ Different sizes of transport modes have varying collect/distribute passengers. carrying capacities. ⎯ Carrying capacity indicates how many passengers 2. REGULAR SERVICE or how much cargo a transport carrier can hold. ⎯ For passenger transport carriers, carrying capacity ⎯ vehicles stop at all designated loading/unloading is measured in terms of passenger spaces offered. areas, usually on major thoroughfares. CLASSIFICATION BY HIERARCHY: 3. ACCELERATED SERVICE ⎯ Transport carriers are organized into categories based on their carrying capacity. ⎯ vehicles skip several stops, usually on major ⎯ This classification ranges from small modes (e.g., thoroughfares vans) to large modes (e.g., buses and trains). 4. EXPRESS SERVICE THREE LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION IN ⎯ vehicles stopping only at widely spaced stops, THE HIEARCHY usually on major thoroughfares LOW-CAPACITY MODES ⎯ Public transport vehicles with a small number of BY TIME OPERATION passenger spaces, usually offering 4 to 20 seats. 1. ALL-DAY-SERVICE Examples: Taxis, jeepneys. ⎯ transit operated during most daily hours. MEDIUM CAPACITY MODES 2. PEAK-HOUR SERVICE ⎯ Vehicles providing relatively larger passenger ⎯ operated during peak hours only. spaces, accommodating mostly 30 to 60 passengers. 3 TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Examples: Minibuses, Buses , Trolley buses PUBLIC TRANSPORT (OR TRANSIT) MODES (propelled by electric motors), Tramways (rail transit IN THE PHILIPPINES vehicles, usually electrically powered, operating on ⎯ Public transportation services in the Philippines roads), Monorails are regulated by the government. ⎯ Regulatory agencies specify the types of public transport services and modes that are authorized HIGH CAPACITY MODES to operate. ⎯ Vehicles with a large number of passenger spaces ⎯ Unlike other public transport services, railway services in the Philippines are not regulated by (more than 60 seats), operating along exclusive a government regulatory agency. right-of-way. Examples: ROAD TRANSPORT VEHICLES o Semi-Rapid Transit (SRT): Includes modes like Semi-Rapid Buses (SRB), which run faster than 1. PUBLIC UTILITY BUS (PUB) regular buses on exclusive routes. Seats: 50+ passengers o Rapid Transit (RT): Includes Light Rail Transit Type: Large bus, coach type (LRT), which is electrically powered and operates on exclusive right-of-way (elevated, Route: Fixed route (regular/limited stops) underground, or ground level) Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned Examples of RT modes are: 1. LIGHT RAIL RAPID TRANSIT (LRRT) 2. PUBLIC UTILITY MINI-BUS (PUMB) ⎯ this is an LRT vehicle operating much faster than Seats: 30-49 passengers an urban LRT vehicle, usually on inter-urban routes. Type: Smaller bus, coach type Route: Fixed route 2. RUBBER-TIRED RAPID TRANSIT (RTRT) Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned ⎯ this consists of a train of 5 to 9 large vehicles with rubber tires running on a concrete or steel surface. 3. PUBLIC UTILITY JEEPNEY (PUJ) 3. RAIL RAPID TRANSIT (RRT) Seats: 12-32 passengers ⎯ with large rail vehicles in a train of 6 to 10 Type: Jeepney or AUV vehicles. Route: Fixed route Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned 4. REGIONAL RAIL TRANSIT ⎯ offers the largest rail vehicles, usually operating long distance interregional routes 4. FILCAB Seats: 7-11 passengers Type: Small jeepney or AUV 4 TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Route: Fixed route KEY TO REMEMBER: Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned PUB and PUMB are buses, differing only in size. PUJ and Filcab are jeepneys with different seating capacities. 5. TAXI Taxi, VFH, Shuttle, Tourist, and School Services Seats: 4 passengers vary in seating and have no fixed routes. Type: Sedan, 4-5 doors Route: No fixed route CARGO TRANSPORT SERVICES Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR A. TRUCK-FOR-HIRE (TH): 6. VEHICLE FOR HIRE (VFH) ⎯ This service uses various types of trucks or trailers Seats: Varies, any type of vehicle (sedan, AUV, van, to transport goods. etc.) ⎯ No fixed route is followed, meaning the route depends on the destination of the cargo. Route: No fixed route ⎯ Payment is agreed upon between the truck Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned owner/operator and the goods owner. WATER TRANSPORT SECTOR 7. SHUTTLE SERVICE A. PASSENGER FERRY & PASSENGER- Seats: Varies, same as VFH CARGO: Route: No fixed route ⎯ Transport both passengers and cargo. Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned B. GENERAL CARGO & CONTAINER VESSELS: 8. TOURIST TRANSPORT SERVICE ⎯ Carry various goods, from general items to Seats: Varies, same as VFH containers. Route: No fixed route (for tours) Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned C. BARGE: ⎯ A flat-bottomed boat mainly used for heavy cargo in rivers or canals. 9. SCHOOL TRANSPORT SERVICE Seats: Varies, same as VFH (with safety features like D. TANKER: grilled windows) ⎯ Transports liquids, such as oil or chemicals. Route: No fixed route (serving schools) Condition: Ordinary or air-conditioned 5 TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM E. LIGHTERAGE: FACILITIES FOR PICKING AND DROPPING OF PASSENGER ⎯ Small vessels that transport goods between larger ⎯ Passengers have different origins and ships and the shore. destinations, necessitating convenient access points. AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR 1. PASSENGER AIRCRAFT: 1. STOP ⎯ Designed to carry passengers, though some planes may also carry small amounts of cargo. ⎯ A roadside structure (with a sign and shade) for loading/unloading passengers. ⎯ Allows quick boarding and alighting to avoid traffic disruption 2. CARGO AIRCRAFT: ⎯ Specifically designed to carry larger cargo loads over longer distances. 2. STATION COMPONENTS OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ⎯ A building along a railway line for loading/unloading passengers. TRAVELWAY ⎯ Can be at ground level, below, or above ground. ⎯ The road space or railway track on which vehicles operate. ⎯ Also known as Public transport right-of-way. 3. TERMINAL ⎯ In water and air transport, there is no physical ⎯ A station at the end of a route where passengers facility; vehicles travel along natural spaces embark or disembark. (waterway or airway). ⎯ Marks the start or end of a trip; vehicles can stay longer here. ROUTE 4. TRANSFER STATION ⎯ A series of travelways that specify a fixed path for public transport vehicles. ⎯ Serves two or more lines/routes at their ⎯ Connects two endpoints, usually centers of socio- intersection. economic activities. ⎯ Enables easy transfers between different lines or Road Transport: Route (e.g., bus route) routes. Railway Transport: Line (e.g., railway line) 5. GARAGE OR DEPOT Water and Air Transport: Route (e.g., shipping route) ⎯ A storage area for vehicles when not in operation, used for repairs and maintenance. ⎯ "Garage" refers to road vehicles; "depot" is for railway vehicles. 6 TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION C. RELIABILITY OF SERVICE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ⎯ level of availability of passenger space that can ⎯ An ideal public transportation sub-system be occupied in a public transport vehicle should satisfy the basic transportation objectives of safety, adequacy, reliability, ⎯ one measure of reliability is average passenger comfort and economical service. waiting time. the lesser the waiting time, the more reliable the service is. a) Quantitative Indicators ⎯ Passenger waiting time is the duration from the b) Qualitative Indicators time of arrival of a passenger at a stop or station up to the time of passenger actually rides a QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS vehicle A. FREQUENCY OF SERVICE D. SAFETY ⎯ number vehicles dispatched per unit time that ⎯ level at which passengers using public transport indicates the level of adequacy of the public vehicles are physically harmed or have the risk transport service of being physically harmed Headway: time interval between vehicles Accident rate: e number of accidents per a given dispatched vehicle population or per total vehicle-kilometers in a These two quantities are related. One is the given area reciprocal of the other. E. POINT CAPACITY OF SERVICE F = Frequency (veh) H = Headway (min/veh) ⎯ maximum number of passengers a public F = 1 or H = 1 transport service can carry past a certain point along a route per unit time Ex: If frequency is 20 vehicles/hour, the headway is PC = Point Capacity (passengers) NU = Number of units operating (units) H = 3 min/veh NRT = number of round trips per unit time B. AVERAGE TRAVEL SPEED ASC = average seating capacity PC = NU x ASC x NRT ⎯ average speed of the vehicle in its total trip from origin to destination Ex: 60-seat passenger bus making two round trips in D = distance traveled (km) one hour in a given route has a point capacity of 120 T = travel time (hr) passengers per hour per direction. Ten (10) 60-seat buses on a route making two (2) round trips each in one ATS = D (km/hr) hour have a total point capacity of 1,200 passengers per Ex: What is the average travel speed if distance is hour per direction 15km per 15 minutes PC = 10 units x 60 seat bus x 2 round trips in 1 hour Convert min to hr 15min = 0.25 PC = 1200 passengers per hour per direction ATS = 15km = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 0.25 7  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM F. PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY QUALITATIVE INDICATORS ⎯ unquantifiable indicators and usually subjective ⎯ carrying capacity of a public transport service measured in terms of the number of passenger A QUALITY OF SERVICE kilometers offered ⎯ degree with which passengers enjoy, like and are PDC = productive capacity, two way(pax-km) satisfied with the service ASC = average seating capacity per vehicle ⎯ comfort, convenience, aesthetics, cleanliness, RL = route length (km) attitude of crew, simplicity in using the system NRT = number of round trips per unit time (user friendly), accessibility and other amenities. NU = number of units operating ⎯ cannot be measured numerically but is gives PDC = ASC x RL x 2 x NRT x NU satisfaction to the passenger Ex: A 15-km route with 20 buses operating in one day with an average seating capacity of 60 per bus, BASIC OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS with each bus making 4 round trips per day has (ON A FIXED ROUTE) total productive capacity of? A. NUMBER OF UNITS (NU) PDC = 60 seats x 15km x 2 x 4 x 20 units PDC= 144,000 pax-km ⎯ number of vehicle units actually operating in a given day which can be determined by actual counting. G. UTILIZATION B. FLEET SIZE (FS) ⎯ measures the degree at which the capacity of a public transport service is utilized ⎯ total number of units authorized to operate in a given route Load factor: measure on the profitability of a service C. UTILIZATION RATIO (UR) Ideal: 80-90% which means operator is managing well ⎯ ratio of the actual number of units in operation PL = passenger load (NU) to the fleet size (FS) SC = seating capacity NU = number of units LF = load factor FS = fleet size LF = PL/SC UR = utilization ratio UR = NU/FS H. IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT D. AVERAGE SEATING CAPACITY (ASC) ⎯ effect the service has made on the air, noise- ⎯ average figure on the vehicle carrying capacity level, traffic flow as well as the long-term on a given day of operation impact on land values and economic activities generated ⎯ indication on the type and size of vehicles operating in a given route 8  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM E. AVERAGE LOAD FACTOR (ALF) LEVEL 3 ⎯ totally exclusive use of travelway ⎯ gives the degree of utilization by passengers on ⎯ fully controlled and there are no access by the service passenger and vehicular traffic even at crossing ⎯ The higher the load factor, the better for the MECHANICAL FEATURES operator. On the other hand, the lower the load factor, the better for the passengers. Relationships: CONTACT BETWEEN VEHICLE AND F. PASSENGER VOLUME (PV) SURFACE OF TRAVELWAY ⎯ total number of passengers served by the route per a given time duration ⎯ Motor vehicles running along the street have rubber tires as the contact. Trains have their G. ROUTE LENGTH (RL) wheels in contact with the rails. Ships are in ⎯ distance from one route end to the other route contact with water and airplanes with air. end, usually measured in kilometers Speed is affected by these contacts. The lesser the friction, the faster the speed OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENCY SYSTEM OF GUIDING THE MOTION OF THE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATIONS VEHICLE a) Right-of-Way features ⎯ Motor vehicles have the driver-steering wheel combination. Railway vehicles are guided by rail b) Mechanical features of the vehicle in relation to the travelway flanges and motor vehicles are more flexible in their movements due to their manual type of RIGHT-OF-WAY FEATURES guidance ⎯ transport vehicles running along travelways enjoy various levels of exclusivity in the use of SYSTEM OF ACCELERATION AND space DECELERATION Levels of public transport right-of-way: ⎯ Motor vehicles have the internal combustion engine while most railway vehicles have electric LEVEL 1 motors. ⎯ shared road space along with all types of SYSTEM OF TRAVEL REGULATION vehicles ⎯ Motor vehicle travel is regulated by the driver, a ⎯ buses jeepneys operate along the streets manual type of regulation. Railway vehicles are together with the private vehicles regulated by the combined manual (driver) and Mixed traffic: public transport vehicles have no signaling system. Modern railway vehicles are exclusive use of road space regulated by a fully automatic system LEVEL 2 ⎯ exclusive by designated specific lanes; some areas of exclusivity ⎯ exclusive lanes can be segregated from other vehicles through lane markings, barriers, curbs or grade separation 9  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Implementation: Executing the plans to improve and expand transportation services. FORMULAS: Regulation: Setting rules and standards for Frequency of Service and Headway: F = 1 or H = 1 (min/veh) public transport operations to maintain quality and safety. Average Travel Speed: ATS = D (km/hr) Supervision & Monitoring: Continuously overseeing and assessing public transport Point Capacity: services to ensure they meet established PC = NU x ASC x NRT standards and public expectations. Productive Capacity: PDC = ASC x RL x 2 x NRT x NU (pax-km) Utilization (Load Factor): PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING LF = PL/SC ⎯ Effective management of public transportation Utilization Ratio: starts with planning. This involves organizing UR = NU/FS necessary facilities and operational systems for a smooth and efficient public transport service. FACILITIES PLANNING: GOVERNMENT ROLE IN PUBLIC ⎯ Involves identifying and developing essential TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT infrastructure like road networks, railway lines, ports, and airports. ⎯ The goal is to support public transportation PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SUB-SYSTEM operations through structured road and traffic MANAGEMENT management. GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY: OPERATIONAL SYSTEM PLANNING: ⎯ The management of public transportation is ⎯ Focuses on the design of public transport routes, primarily handled by the government to protect regulatory controls at stops and terminals, and public interests, as it ensures efficient and other operational activities. accessible transportation services for everyone. ⎯ A well-planned system makes implementation, regulation, and monitoring smoother and more GOALS FOR EFFICIENCY : efficient. ⎯ An efficient public transport system should be MAIN AGENCIES: comfortable, convenient, adequate, reliable, economical, safe, and environmentally friendly. Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH): Manages national highways. KEY MANAGEMENT TASKS: Local Government Units (LGUs): Oversee local Planning: Developing structured public roads. transportation plans to meet the needs of the population. Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and related agencies 10  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM like LRTA (Light Rail Transit Authority), PPA (Philippine Ports Authority), and ATO (Air Transportation Office): Manage railways, ports, IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT and airports. PLANS TYPES OF PLANNING IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ⎯ Effective management in public transport relies heavily on implementing well-developed plans. A) PLANNING TO IMPROVE FOR-HIRE However, implementation often depends on SERVICES: fund availability, especially for constructing facilities and installing equipment. The ⎯ Government provides a healthy environment for government must show political commitment to secure and use these funds for public benefit. private operators to ensure reliable and adequate services. KEY AGENCIES INVOLVED: ⎯ Through incentives and safety regulations, government encourages investments, enhances competition, and promotes comfortable, efficient DPWH for highways service. LGUs for local roads DOTC, LRTA, PPA, and ATO for railways, B) PLANNING TO IMPROVE TRANSIT ports, and airports SERVICES: ⎯ Operational plan implementation also requires ⎯ Enhancing transit services involves improving government-operator cooperation to ensure road-based systems, which are influenced by effective communication and coordination. traffic conditions. ⎯ Transit route planning helps adapt to passenger demand and available facilities, aiming for better flow and safety regulations. REGULATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATIONS C) PLANNING TO UPGRADE SERVICES IN SPECIFIC CORRIDORS: ⎯ Public transport in the Philippines is mainly regulated by the government to protect public ⎯ Focuses on improving transit services along a interests. specific corridor within a transit network. ⎯ Follows a structured process from problem THREE PRIMARY TYPES OF REGULATION identification, demand analysis, and alternative evaluation to selecting the best improvement ECONOMIC REGULATION plan. ⎯ Controls supply levels, operator authority, routes, and fares to ensure affordable and D) TRANSIT NETWORK PLANNING: efficient service. This is managed by: LTFRB for land transport ⎯ Evaluates the entire transit network to suggest MARINA for maritime services improvements, including additional links and CAB for air transport upgrades to current routes. ⎯ The planning process uses a link-and-node ECONOMIC REGULATION study, demand projections, and analysis to create ⎯ involves franchising and fare-setting through a a comprehensive improvement plan, leading to legal process. Deregulation efforts aim to detailed feasibility studies for specific projects. increase efficiency, though debate continues on its impact. 11  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SAFETY REGULATION ⎯ Supervision/monitoring involves collecting data, ⎯ Ensures vehicles and crews meet safety while regulation focuses on correcting violations and imposing sanctions. ⎯ standards. Only "roadworthy," "seaworthy," and "airworthy" carriers, and certified competent operators, are authorized to operate. Key agencies: LTO for motor vehicles and drivers PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROUTE PLANNING MARINA for vessels and crews PROCESS ATO for aircraft and crews THE OVERALL PROCESS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROUTE PLANNING ⎯ This includes registration for vehicles and licensing for operators to maintain operational safety. TRAFFIC REGULATION ⎯ Manages movement along travelways and terminals to ensure safety and efficiency. Agencies include: PNP (Traffic Management Group), LGUs, and MMDA for road traffic MARINA and Philippine Coast Guard for maritime traffic ATO for air traffic ⎯ Each type of carrier follows specific traffic rules. Notably, railways lack a dedicated regulatory body, leaving self-regulation to companies like LRTA (for LRT1 and LRT2) and DOTC/MRTC (for EDSA-MRT). DELINEATION OF THE STUDY AREA ⎯ In a public transportation route planning study, SUPERVISION AND MONITORING OF PUBLIC the study area refers to the specific geographical TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS space being addressed. POSSIBLE STUDY AREAS INCLUDE: ⎯ The government handles both regulation (control and enforcement) and supervision/monitoring Town or municipality (tracking performance and correcting City deficiencies) in public transport. Metropolitan area City district ⎯ Sources of information include monitoring teams, the public, and media. For example, the study area is a municipality, such as: ⎯ A feedback mechanism is essential for detecting D and correcting violations like out-of-line A operations, colorums, overcharging, and B C others. 12  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ⎯ The sub-areas of the municipality are barangays overspeeding) A, B, C, and D as shown above. The next step is And other issues to show the road network interconnecting the sub-areas, as shown below: Goal of the Planning Study: To recommend actions to address these problems. SETTING UP OF OBJECTIVES ⎯ The objectives of the planning study are desired qualities aimed at solving public transport issues and ensuring efficient service for passengers. ⎯ Points a, b, c and d are the barangay centers and Examples include: the road links are shown above: ab, ad, bc, bd, cd. Enhanced Accessibility: Sufficient network coverage and easy-to-reach boarding/alighting points. Reliability of Service: Low passenger waiting times. STATEMENT OF CURRENT PUBLIC Balanced Supply and Demand: Matching the supply of TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS services to passenger demand. ⎯ A gap between a desired state and an actual Passenger Comfort: Sufficient space in carriers. state. Safety: Minimal accident rates. MAIN SECTORS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: Environmentally Friendly: Carriers operate within GENERAL PUBLIC: acceptable air pollution levels. ⎯ Possible patrons of public transport services, as passengers. Reasonable Fares: Affordable for passengers while providing fair profit for operators. SERVICE PROVIDERS: ⎯ Operators of public transport services. ⎯ These objectives guide the planning study in improving public transport services. GOVERNMENT ROLE: ⎯ Balances the interests of both sectors through regulation, including: ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING PUBLIC Franchising TRANSPORTATION SITUATION Fare rate setting Safety measures ⎯ This step involves analyzing the performance of Traffic regulation the current public transportation system using performance indicators. The following steps are COMMON PUBLIC TRANSPORT PROBLEMS involved: (FROM PASSENGERS’ PERSPECTIVE): a) Gathering relevant data Lack of public transport services in unserved areas b) Processing the data Long waiting times c) Interpreting the processed data Overcrowding in carriers (lack of sufficient space) ⎯ These steps help in assessing the current public Unreasonable fares transport system's performance. Poor condition of carriers Unreasonable driver actions (e.g., 13  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM GATHERING OF RELEVANT DATA The data to be gathered are the following: 2 x a) Existing public transport services within the study area a 1 b c b) Existing public transport services linking the study area with other towns or cities c) Existing public transport terminals within Along a – b – c road, one survey station is selected, say the study area. between a and b: Survey Station ①. Survey Station ② is along b – d road. Whole day recording of all plate The above data can be gathered by conducting public numbers of public transport vehicles, say jeepneys is transport surveys. The following surveys are made at Station ① and ②. undertaken: Example: Data Gathered: Week Day: a) Ocular inspection of route alignments, i.e. from one route end to another route end and the roads Mode: PUJ (12-hr period) used; Direction a to b Direction b to a b) License Plate Survey (LPS) per route and mode Plate no. Plate no. type; AAE 456 AAB 123 AAG 678 AAF 567 AAB 123 AAE 456 AAE 456 AAG 678 AAF 567 AAB 123 A. OCULAR INSPECTION AAG 678 AAE 456 AAB 123 AAF 567 AAE 456 AAG 678 After conducting the ocular inspection, the routes shall be AAF 567 AAB 123 plotted on a map. For example: AAG 678 AAF 567 AAF 567 AAE 456 Refer to the sample road network previously illustrated: AAB 123 AAG 678 AAE 456 AAF 567 AAG 678 AAE 456 d 14 14 From the above data, a total of 14 vehicles are counted per direction for a survey period 6 am 6 pm (12hrs.) a b c For example, the public transport routes, after ocular inspection are as shown above, in dotted lines. The routes are: a – b - c and b – d B. LICENSE PLATE SURVEY (LPS) The next datum to be determined is the number of vehicle units operating along the route in one week day. This can This is a road side survey where surveyors record the be determined by sorting all the plate numbers recorded: plate numbers of the public transport vehicles operating per route per mode type in a given weekday. Refer to the example: 14  TRMA 302: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM records. NU: Number of units operating, sourced from public transport associations These data points help assess authorized and active units in the study area. After sorting the plate numbers, it is found out that 4 vehicle units are operating during the counting period. Since these are operating in several round trips, the total volume one-way is 14: Number of Units Operating (NU) = 4 The relationship between V and NU is expressed as: For this example: NRT = 14/4 = 3.5 round trips The illustration given above explains the data gathering procedure in determining basic operating characteristics per route per mode type, which are: V = average one-way frequency which represents the average one-way frequency (F) of the route. NU = no. of units operating in the given route NRT = ave. number of round trips during the duration of operation, usually expressed in round trips per day (in this example, 12-hr period). C. SECONDARY SOURCE OF DATA ⎯ Data from government records provide the Number of Authorized Units (NAU) per route and mode. For inter-town or city routes, NAU data is gathered by route and mode type. For services without fixed routes within the study area, like tricycles, the following data is collected: NAU: Number of authorized units from LGU 15