Upper Limb Anatomy PDF

UPPER LIMBS Anatomy  Appendicular Skeleton 1. Attaches limbs to the trunk / axial skeleton 2. Provides attachment for many muscles 3. Mobility of the limbs 4. Because only clavicle is bind on axial skeleton, Scapulla can move freely across the chest, moving th...

UPPER LIMBS Anatomy  Appendicular Skeleton 1. Attaches limbs to the trunk / axial skeleton 2. Provides attachment for many muscles 3. Mobility of the limbs 4. Because only clavicle is bind on axial skeleton, Scapulla can move freely across the chest, moving the arm S –shaped Convex anteriorly 2 ends –sternal and Clavicles acromial has conoid tubercle Scapula - Flat , Triangular bone (2-7th rib) Has 3 borders - superior, medial and lateral. 3 angles – superior, inferior and lateral, which contains glenoid cavity, coracoid process. Has acromion, spine, supraspinos and infraspinos fossae and subscapular fossa. humerus Humerus humerushumerus humerus Humerus consists of proximal and distal ends(epiphises) and body(diaphisis) The humerus , or arm bone, is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It articulates proximally with the scapula and distally with two bones, the ulna and the radius, to form the elbow joint. The proximal end of the humerus features a rounded head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. Distal to the head is the anatomical neck.The greater and lesser tubercles are distal to the anatomical neck. Between the two tubercles there is a groove named the intertubercular sulcus. The surgical neck is a constriction in the humerus just distal to the tubercles, it is so named because fractures often occur here. for the deltoid muscle. On the posterior surface of the body is the radial groove, which contains the radial nerve. Distal end of the humerus contains: The capitulum (small head) on the lateral aspect articulates with the head of the radius. The radial fossa is an anterior depression above the capitulum that articulates with the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed (bent). The trochlea, located medial to the capitulum, is a surface that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna. The radial fossa articulates with the head of the radius during flexion, The coronoid fossa anteriorly receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed. The olecranon fossa posteriorly receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended (straightened). The medial epicondyle and lateral Antebrachii Ulna The Ulna The ulna is located on the medial aspect (the little-finger side) of the forearm and is longer than the radius. At the proximal end of the ulna is posterior projection called the olecranon, anterior projection called the coronoid process, between them is curved area called the trochlear notch, which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus to form the elbow joint. Lateraly is the radial notch, which articulates with the head of the radius. Just inferior to the coronoid process is the ulnar tuberosity, to which the biceps brachii muscle attaches. The distal end of the ulna consists of a head and the styloid processis, It provides attachment for the ulnar collateral ligament to the wrist. The Radius The radius is the smaller bone of the forearm and is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm. The proximal end of the radius has a disc-shaped head that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna. Inferior to the head is the constricted neck and the radial tuberosity, is a point of attachment for the tendons of the biceps brachii muscle. Distal end of the radius has a styloid processon the lateral side and articular surface for carpals. Carpals,Metacarpals,and Phalanges Carpal bones are 8 , they make 2 row – proximal and distal The carpals in proximal row,from lateral to medial, are the scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform. The carpals in the distal row, from lateral to medial, are the trapezium trapezoid capitate (the largest carpal bone) hamate Metacarpals 5 bones. Phalanges-or bones of the digits, make up the distal part of the hand. There are 14 phalanges in the five digits. the first - the thumb has two 1