Reconstruction Era U.S. History PDF
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This document summarizes key events and figures of the Reconstruction era in the United States. It covers topics such as the 10 Percent Plan, Wade-Davis Bill, and Reconstruction policies, along with their successes and failures. The document discusses various aspects of this period in American history.
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**10 Percent Plan:** Lincoln's plan that let Southern states rejoin the Union if 10% of voters pledged loyalty. **Wade-Davis Bill:** A stricter Reconstruction plan requiring 50% of voters to pledge loyalty; Lincoln vetoed it. **Andrew Johnson:** President after Lincoln; his lenient Reconstruction...
**10 Percent Plan:** Lincoln's plan that let Southern states rejoin the Union if 10% of voters pledged loyalty. **Wade-Davis Bill:** A stricter Reconstruction plan requiring 50% of voters to pledge loyalty; Lincoln vetoed it. **Andrew Johnson:** President after Lincoln; his lenient Reconstruction policies angered Congress. **Presidential Reconstruction:** Johnson's approach to quickly restore Southern states without protecting African Americans' rights. **Black Codes:** Southern laws that restricted African Americans\' freedom and kept them in poverty. **Radical Republicans:** Congress members who wanted strict Reconstruction and rights for African Americans. **Military Reconstruction Act:** Divided the South into military districts to enforce Reconstruction laws. **14th Amendment:** Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans. **15th Amendment**: Guaranteed African American men the right to vote. **Impeachment of Andrew Johnson:** Johnson was almost removed from office for breaking a law and opposing Congress. **Sharecropping:** Farming system where workers rented land and paid with crops, often leading to debt. **Tenant Farming:** Farmers rented land but had more control than sharecroppers; still led to debt. **Crop-Lien System:** A credit system that trapped farmers in debt by using crops as payment. **"New South" Movement**: A push for Southern industrial growth after the Civil War. Southern Industrialization: Efforts to modernize the South's economy, which mostly failed. **Ku Klux Klan**: A violent group that terrorized African Americans to stop them from voting or gaining rights. **Enforcement Acts:** Federal laws to stop Klan violence and protect African Americans' voting rights. **Compromise of 1877:** Deal that ended Reconstruction by pulling federal troops out of the South. **Redeemers:** Southern Democrats who regained control and rolled back Reconstruction reforms. **Jim Crow Laws:** Laws that enforced segregation and discrimination in the South after Reconstruction. **Freedmen's Bureau:** Government agency that helped freed slaves with food, jobs, and education. **Civil Rights Act of 1866:** Law that gave African Americans equal rights and citizenship. African Americans voting and holding office during Reconstruction. **HBCUs:** Historically Black colleges created to educate African Americans after slavery. **Successes of Reconstruction**: Gave African Americans citizenship, voting rights, and political power temporarily. **Failures of Reconstruction:** Rights were not protected long-term, and racism continued. **Historical interpretations of Reconstruction:** Historians argue whether it was a failure or a step toward equality.
