Unit 1 Framework PDF

# Unit 1 ## Introduction to Matter, Measurement, and Experimental Analysis ### Tro Textbook Alignment | Section | Title | Pages | |---|---|---| | 1.1 | Atoms and Molecules | 1 | | 1.2 | Scientific Approach to Knowledge | 3 | | 1.3 | The Classification of Matter | 5 | | 1.4 | Physical and Chemical...

# Unit 1 ## Introduction to Matter, Measurement, and Experimental Analysis ### Tro Textbook Alignment | Section | Title | Pages | |---|---|---| | 1.1 | Atoms and Molecules | 1 | | 1.2 | Scientific Approach to Knowledge | 3 | | 1.3 | The Classification of Matter | 5 | | 1.4 | Physical and Chemical Changes and Physical and <br> Chemical Properties | 9 | | 1.5 | Energy: A Fundamental Part of Physical and <br> Chemical Change | 12 | | 1.6 | The Units of Measurement | 13 | | 1.7 | The Reliability of a Measurement | 20 | | 1.8 | Solving Chemical Problems | 26 | | 1.9 | Analyzing and Interpreting Data | 33 | | 2.7a | Finding Patterns: The Periodic Law and Periodic <br> Table | 66 | | 3.5 | Ionic Compounds: Names and Formulas (Binary <br> Names only) | 102 | | 3.6 | Molecular Compounds: Names and Formulas | 106 | ## Year-Long Scientific and Engineering Practices ### Ask Questions and Define Problems - Ask questions that arise from careful observation of phenomena, etc. - Determine which questions can be investigated within the school lab - Make hypotheses that specify what happens to a dependent variable - Generate hypotheses based on research and scientific principles - Define design problems: development of a process with components, etc. - Identify key issues & problems suitable for investigation & discourse ### Plan and Carry Out Investigations - Individually and collaboratively plan and conduct investigations - Plan/conduct investigations or test design solutions in a safe manner - Select/use appropriate tools & technology to collect/record/etc. Data ### Interpret, Analyze, and Evaluate Data - Record/present data in organized format: mathematical/algebraic forms - Use data in models, explanations, or testing solutions - Solve problems using mathematical manipulations: SI, notation, etc. - Analyze data to make valid and reliable claims or a design solution - Analyze data graphically and use graphs to make predictions - Differentiate between accuracy and precision of measurements - Consider limitations of data analysis when analyzing and interpreting - Analyze data to optimize a design ### Construct and Critique Conclusions and Explanations - Construct/revise explanations based on valid and reliable evidence - Apply scientific ideas, principles, evidence to provide an explanation - Compare/evaluate competing arguments in light of current explanations - Construct arguments or counterarguments based on data and evidence - Differentiate between scientific hypothesis, theory, and law ### Develop and Use Models - Evaluate the merits and limitations of models - Develop, revise, use models to illustrate or predict relationships - Use models and simulations to visualize, represent, interpret, etc. - Develop a timeline that traces the development of a scientific idea ### Obtain, Evaluate, and Communicate Information - Compare, integrate, and evaluate sources of information - Gather, read, evaluate scientific information & assess credibility - Communicate scientific/technical information or a design process - Cite the contributions made by individual scientists and/or by a team - Know & follow current standards for ethical scientific investigations - Present their own investigations and defend their conclusions # Unit 1 ## Matter, Measurement, and Experimental Analysis ### Enduring Understandings - Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in chemical and physical processes. The law of conservation of matter (mass) states that, regardless of how substances within a closed system are changed, the total mass remains the same. - The products formed in a chemical reaction have different properties than the original reactants. - Chemical formulas are used to represent compounds. Subscripts represent the relative number of each type of atom in a molecule or formula unit. - Matter consists of atoms held together by electromagnetic forces and exists as different substances which can be utilized based on their properties. - Intramolecular bonds form between atoms to achieve stability. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between metal and nonmetal ions. - Physical properties refer to the condition or quality of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition. - Chemical properties refer to the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reaction and form a new substance. ### Essential Knowledge and Skills - Distinguish between chemical and physical properties - Distinguish between pure substances/mixtures, homo/heterogeneous mixtures - Classify elements as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals - Name chemical formulas for binary covalent and ionic compounds - Recognize the relationship between types of compound, naming patterns, and the use of "formula units" versus "molecules" - Calculate the percent yield and percent error for a given process - Describe the purpose and implementation of chromatography, distillation, filtration, decanting, magnetic separation, evaporation, and centrifugation for separating mixtures