UNIT I ARTS 9.pdf

WESTERN AND CLASSICAL 01. Introduction 04. Roman Art 02. Ancient and Classical Art 05. Medieval Art 03. Greek Art  EXAMPLES Animal Images Handprints Abstract Symbols Portable Art These are the art forms which includes buildings, sculptures, paintings,...

WESTERN AND CLASSICAL 01. Introduction 04. Roman Art 02. Ancient and Classical Art 05. Medieval Art 03. Greek Art  EXAMPLES Animal Images Handprints Abstract Symbols Portable Art These are the art forms which includes buildings, sculptures, paintings, and decorative arts of ancient Egypt from about 5000 B.C. up to the subjugation of Egypt by Rome in 30 B.C.  The ancient Egyptian pyramids are the world’s largest and oldest tombs or burial places. They serve as the most popular symbol of Egyptian art and architecture. Materials: Mud-bricks cased in limestone and granite. Color: Originally polished, which gives a brilliant reflective appearance when viewed from a distance. Design: The interior is a part of the funeral complex where there is an entrance hall, a court, spaces for Pharaoh’s statue, chambers, and inner sanctuary. Egyptian paintings shows mythological representations and scenes of the everyday social activities such as hunting, fishing, farming, and banqueting. It intends to be linear with every little concern for perspective and/or depth Egyptian sense of line and color is excellent  Egyptian sculpture includes statues or figures representing kings (Pharaohs), armies, servants and various animals. King Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti, rulers of Egypt during the Amarna period are shown in his limestones statuettes. Idealized representations of human beings Frontal in a pose Geometric emphasis was given to the body, with shoulders and chest plane resembling an inverted triangle. Figures appeared rigid, and bodies were patterned along geometric lines  Carved from a solid block of diorite, the hardest stone available that time of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. An idealized representation of the king, with strong geometric lines and dramatic proportions. The statue stands 165 cm (66 in) high. In ancient Egypt, both living and the dead wore jewelry. Popular Egyptian folk art for both men and women includes bracelets, necklaces, armlets, and rings. They also created amulets and jewelry because they believed in these objects ability to protect them.  Material - Gold, representing the flesh of the gods and the color of the sun; non- clay ceramic material, glaze made from quartz Color - Deep blue lapis lazuli, turquoise, and red carnelian, associated with the sun and the color of blood. Shapes - Based on the shapes of hieroglyphics or a system of writing that uses pictures instead of words This pectoral or a type of large necklace, which is worn on the chest, is found in the tomb of an 18th Dynasty Pharaoh, Tutankhanum Material - Gold, resin, and semi-precious stones Design - A large necklace It is one of the ancient Egyptian’s earliest art forms Material - Reddish brown clay from the Nile river Color - red, brown, and black color is due to exposing the pots to smoke Design - various geometrical designs, shapes like boats and ostriches  Architecture, paintings, sculptures, and decorative art that were produced in ancient Greece, from about 1050 to 31 B.C., make up what is known as the Greek Artistic legacy. It is considered the greatest monument of the Golden Age of Athens in Greece. Built between 447 and 432 B.C. as a temple for the goddess Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom. Material - Foundations were made of limestone, columns were made of Pentelic marble. Design - it is made to house the monumental statue of Athena; foundations were massive; Doric design with 8 columns at the facade and 17 columns at the flanks.  It is built in the 5th century B.C. located in Paestum, Italy. Material - made up of Marble Design - Doric order, six columns at its ends and 13 on the long sides; massive, closely spaced columns The first style from the classical period originated from the main island of Greece. It is considered as the simplest of all Greek architectural designs. Example with Doric style includes: Parthenon Quezon Hall, UP Diliman Kaban ng Hiyas, Mandaluyong City hall Metropolitant Theater This style originated from the island of Ionia. An important detail of Ionic column includes scroll-like shape on top of each column. Example with Doric style includes: Propylaea, Acropolis of Athens Manila Post Office Taal Church, Batangas San Agustin Church, Intramuros This style originally used for internal design, which was also used for exterior designs. Example with Doric style includes: Temple of Zeus, Athens, Greece Vanderbilt mansion, Poughkeepsie National Museum of the Philippines Manila Cathedral Ancient Greek artists show great skills in drawing and a good understanding of human anatomy. Panel paintings usually depict banquet and dinning scenes. This is shown in this example of an early Greek panel painting by an unknown artist for a tomb at Paestum, Italy (ca. 490-470 B.C.) The Greeks are known to be master sculptors either in stone carving or bronze casting. There are many Greek sculptors, the most famous were said to be Phidias, Polyclitus, Praxiteles, and Lysippus who created some of the greatest sculptures ever known. It is also believed that Greeks already perfected the depiction of the human form as early as the 7th and 1st centuries B.C.  Artist: Alexandros of Antioch Art historians describe this piece as the ideal of Hellenistic beauty. It is on public display in the famous Louvre Museum in Paris, France.  Artist: Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus from the island of Rhodes It is considered as one of the most famous ancient sculptures. It is now housed in the Museo Pio- Clementino, which is part of the Vatican Museums.  Also known as the “Winged Victory of Samothrace”. Discovered on April 13, 1863, on the exploration of the ruins of the sanctuary of the Great Gods on the island of Samothrace. It is on public display at the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. The ancient Greeks were known to have created pieces pieces of jewelry that were made of gold, silver, and bronze. Some of these pieces of jewelry were earrings, bracelets, pendants, necklaces, diadems or crowns. Popular decorations for jewelry were flowers, sphinxes, lions, cupids, gold wreaths of olive or oak leaves, griffins, gods, events, or Greek mythical heroes. Unit I - Arts 9 Maison Carré, Nimes - built in France, 1st Century - Considered as the best-preserved roman architecture Materials: bricks, concrete, stone, marble, and mosaic Design: Arches and vaults; curved forms, cylindrical and spherical spaces Roman Engineers completed the Pantheon, a temple to all gods in A.D 128. Design: The interior of the Pantheon was conceived as a single immense space. It is decorated with colored marble and lined with pairs of columns. Carved figures are set into niches in the wall. The Colosseum in Rome, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an ancient Roman amphitheater built in the 1st century AD. It is one of Rome's most iconic landmarks and a symbol of Roman engineering and architecture. The Colosseum could hold up to 80,000 spectators and was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles Roman paintings portray rituals, myths, landscapes, still-life, and scenes of the daily activities of the Romans. Ancient Roman paintings were buried by the eruption of Mount Great Hunt mosaics, Villa del Casale Vesuvius in A.D. 79 Jerzy Strzelecki The Romans were great followers and collectors of Greek sculpture. The Romans tried to capture historical events through their sculptures. Examples are commemorative monuments in Rome, such as the Arch of Titus (A.D. 82), Trajan’s Column (A.D. 106-113), and the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 161-180) The Capitoline Wolf is a statue that has become the symbol of the city of Rome. It is a bronze sculpture of a she-wolf suckling with twin infants. The mythological brothers Romulus and Remus were supposed to have been kept alive by a wolf to fulfill their destiny as founders of the city. The great contribution of Roman sculptors is their realistic representation of images and figure. This is shown in the way Roman sculptors recorded facial details. Mosaics - Roman mosaics depicts scenes from everyday life and athletes in various poses. These were made of silver with abstract, vegetal, and figural ornament. The Battle of Issus - a 4th century B.C. Greek painting, depicting a military engagement of the armies of Alexander the Great and King Darius III of Persia. Vases - Romans are excellent at making vases. The Portland vase is an example of Roman cameo glass from the 1st century A.D. This piece is in the collection of the British Museum, in London. Design: It has carved images from the myth of Peleus and Thetis are shown in this vase. The scenes are designed out of white vase with a layer of blue glass before carving. This is the art style that flourished at the height of the Byzantine Empire during the Middle Ages. The art form was concerned with Christian Art, but the techniques and forms of Greek and Egyptian art were still used. It is almost entirely concerned with religious expression. However, the art forms tend to be unnatural but more stylized with the use of floating figures trying to depict the idea of the supernaturalness of their religious subjects. The forms of architecture and painting grew out religious concerns and remain uniform and anonymous. Byzantine visual art began with mosaics. These mosaics decorated the walls and domes of churches. Shapes and designs are patterned within a rigid tradition Less individual expression Style is sophisticated Strong expression of religiosity  Architecture Hagia Sophia Church Istanbul, Turkey Architecture Kauno Soboras, Church of Saint Michael the Archangel, Kaunas, Lithuania  Painting Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator Hagia Sopia, Turkey  Painting Theotokos Fyodorovskaya Our Lady of St. Theodore  Carving Barberini Ivory on display at the Louvre, Paris The Triumphant emperor on the central panel PERIOD  ROMANESQUE ART WAS DOMINANT IN EUROPE DURING THE 11TH AND 12TH CENTURIES. IT HAS A STRONG FOUNDATION IN CHRISTIANITY THAT WAS SPREAD TO ALL PARTS OF EUROPE DURING THOSE PERIODS. What are artistic elements of Romanesque Art? ARCHITECTURE IT IS DOMINANT IN MOST CHURCHES IN EUROPE DURING THE 11TH AND 12TH CENTURY. THESE CHURCHES ARE HUGE AND SOLID. THE ECHOES OF THE MONKS’ PRAYERS COULD BE HEARD BECAUSE OF THE INSIDES OF THE CHURCHES WERE LARGE AND HOLLOW. What are artistic elements of Romanesque Art? ARCHITECTURE THE EGLISE NOTRE-DAME LA GRAND, FRANCE What are artistic elements of Romanesque Art? PAINTING MANY PAINTERS WERE INSPIRED BY THE CLASSICAL TRADITION SYMMETRY IN DESIGN IS ALSO OBSERVED. THE STYLE IS INFLUENCED BY BYZANTINE, IBERIAN, AND OTTONIAN STYLES AND TRADITIONS WHILE COMMON SUBJECT IS BIBLICAL STORIES. What are artistic elements of Romanesque Art? SCULPTURE HUGE STONE SCULPTURES WERE REVIVED DURING THE ROMANESQUE PERIOD IN THE 11TH AND 12TH CENTURIES. MANY CHURCHES, ESPECIALLY IN FRANCE DISPLAY AN ABUNDANCE OF SCULPTURES ON THEIR EXTERIORS. OTHER RELIGIOUS SCULPTURES ARE SHRINES USED TO HOLD RELICS, LARGE RELIQUARIES, ALTAR FRONTALS, AND CANDLE STICKS. What are artistic elements of Romanesque Art? SCULPTURE MATERIALS - METAL, ENAMEL, BRONZE, IVORY DESIGN - NATURALISM, HIGHLY INTRICATE, CLASSICAL, MAJESTIC, AND REPRESENTATIONAL. EXAMPLE: TYMPANUM - A FIGURE OF CHRIST SURROUNDED BY AN ANGEL, LION, EAGLE AND OX. THEY REPRESENTY THE FOUR EVANGELISTS, MATTHEW, MARK, JOHN, AND LUKE.