UNIT 1- Introduction to Literature PDF

INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World LEARNING OBJECTIVES  To familiarize To define and common terms in understand the word literature ‘literature’...

INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World LEARNING OBJECTIVES  To familiarize To define and common terms in understand the word literature ‘literature’ To develop interest and To read and analyze appreciation for literature sample texts WHAT IS LITERATURE? LITERATURE IS... …a word that generally describes language used for imaginative purposes and is even  broadly understood as a term of praise for writing of any purpose that has excited admiration for its imaginative qualities. (Vesterman, 1993) IN READING LITERATURE, THERE IS... INSIGHT capacity to gain a deep understanding of the human condition COMPLEXITY understand the layers found in a piece and how these affect the content of the piece  EMPATHY understand and even share the feelings of others An Appointment in Samarra Somerset Maugham There was a merchant in Bagdad who sent his servant to the market to buy provisions and in a little while the servant came back, white and trembling, and said, “Master, just now when I was in the marketplace I was jostled by a woman in the crowd and when I turned I saw it was Death that had jostled me. She looked at me and made a threatening gesture; now, lend me your horse, and I will ride away from this city and avoid my fate. I will go to Samarra and there, Death will not find me.” The merchant lent him his horse, and the servant mounted it, and he dug his spurs in its flanks and as fast as the horse could gallop he went. Then the merchant went down to the marketplace and he saw me standing in the crowd and he came to me and said, “Why did you make a threating gesture to my servant when you saw him this morning?” “That was not a threatening gesture,” I said, “it was only a start of surprise. I was astonished to see him in Bagdad, for I had an appointment with him tonight in Samarra.” LET’S TRY! Read the flash fiction piece What universal truth about man and life is revealed in the story? Is the story complex or not? Do the events in the story help you understand and feel for the characters? COMMON TERMS USED IN LITERATURE GENRE VS. FORM category based on content and theme GENRE Poetry is a genre FORM Focuses on specific  Waka/Tanka/Haiku is a Pertains to structure form and style of a literary work MAJOR LITERARY GENRES  POETRY -the oldest of the four literary genres  -can be divided into lyric and narrative poems *lyric originally sung or recited with a musical instrument, called a lyre The central content is about the poet's feelings and personal views *narrative developed from ritualistic chanting of myths, and has traditionally been grouped into two poetic categories, epic and ELEMENTS OF POETRY  1. rhyme scheme -ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of lines or verses 2. meter -arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables 3. measure -scansion per metric foot 4. structure -line length and stanza form 5. persona -voice created by the author to tell a story 6. imagery -vivid and vibrant form of description that appeals to readers’ senses and imagination 7. figures of speech -words or phrases that go beyond literal meaning; used to add color and trigger the imagination What's in the brain that ink may character A Which hath not figured to thee my true spirit? B What's new to speak, what now to register, A That may express my love, or thy dear merit? B Nothing, sweet boy; but yet, like prayers divine, C I must each day say o'er the very same; D Counting no old thing old, thou mine, I thine, C Even as when first I hallowed thy fair name. D So that eternal love in love's fresh case, E Weighs not the dust and injury of age, F Nor gives to necessary wrinkles place, E But makes antiquity for aye his page; F Finding the first conceit of love there bred, G Where time and outward form would show it dead. G What else can I write, that I haven’t written yet To show you my truest love and faithfulness What else is new to say, what now to express, That may reveal my love or your value? Nothing, sweet boy; and yet, just like prayers, Every day I must say them again and again; These praises never grow old, I am yours & you are mine, Even back when I first admired your fair name. So that eternal love which is everyday renewed, Takes no heed of dust and age, Nor gives importance to wrinkles, But makes age forever his servant; Discovering love as it was when we first met Even when age and appearance shows it dead. (Sonnet 108, William Shakespeare) DRAMA -began as celebrations in Ancient Greece (dithyramb) and church plays during the Medieval period -performed in front of an audience -often referred to as a play -written with dialogue and stage directions -often the  site of controversies (no female actors, riots over style) FICTION 1. plot -exposition-rising action-climax- falling action, resolution 2. setting 3. character -(flat vs. round), (dynamic vs. static), (protagonist vs. antagonist) 4. conflict -(external vs. internal)  5. Point of View -(first, second, third-omniscient) 6. theme -a statement the you can make about the story FICTION For theme, it is important to differentiate between Theme and theme. ‘Theme’ refers to general truths and universal human experiences being discussed/portrayed in a story. ‘theme’ is a statement that can be derived based from the general truth/universal experience in the story  CAN YOU? Identify and state the ‘Theme’ and ‘theme’ of your favorite story? NONFICTION …a broad genre of writing that encompasses all books that aren’t rooted in a fictional narrative. Nonfiction writing can be based in history and biography, it can be instructional, it can offer commentary and humor, and it can ponder philosophical questions. NONFICTION Examples of nonfiction writing: History Biographies, Autobiographies, and Memoirs Academic Texts Philosophy  Journalism Self-Help and Instruction Guides and How-To Manuals Humor and Commentary QUESTIONS? "The reading of all good books is like conversation with the finest minds of past centuries." - René Descartes