UCSP_Week-02_2025.pdf

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics  Week 2 Concept, Aspects, and Changes in Culture and Society  OBJECTIVES: u Define culture and society; uIdentify and differentiate the different components of culture; u Describe the characteristics of culture; u Differentiate ethno...

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics  Week 2 Concept, Aspects, and Changes in Culture and Society  OBJECTIVES: u Define culture and society; uIdentify and differentiate the different components of culture; u Describe the characteristics of culture; u Differentiate ethnocentrism, multiculturalism, and cultural relativism;  SOCIETY & CULTURE u are intertwined with one another. u Society is generally defined as a group of people sharing a common culture. uCulturebinds people together through various things such as the language, religion, traditions and customs they share.  SOCIETY & CULTURE u And with these, a society forms its own identity that will be unique and different from other societies around the world.  KEY CONCEPTS Culture - way of life, may be manifested through materials, beliefs or practices. Symbols - something with meaning that is understood by people within the same culture. Language - system of symbols that enables communication among people.  KEY CONCEPTS Norms - expected behavior and established rules in society. Mores - significant norms being practiced among cultures. Taboo - strongly forbidden practices  KEY CONCEPTS Ethnocentrism - thinking that one’s own culture is superior compared to others. Cultural Relativism - acknowledging similarities between one’s culture and others, and accepting their validity. Multiculturalism - acknowledging different cultures and respecting them equally. uAre you’re a Filipino sa isip,puso, salita and sa gawa?  CULTURE Substantive definition of culture - “Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Tylor, 1958).  CULTURE “Culture is the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people’s way of life. Culture includes what we think, how we act, and what we own” (Macionis, 2017).  TYPES OF CULTURE Material culture - physical things created by the members of the society (Macionis, 2017).  TYPES OF CULTURE Nonmaterial culture - ideas and other non- physical things created by the members of the society (Macionis, 2017).  Other Component Culture u Culture Shock – part of symbols inability to “read” the meaning of symbols in strange surroundings. u Example: In some cultures, direct eye contact is considered a sign of confidence and attentiveness. However, in other cultures, it can be perceived as rude or confrontational. A person might feel confused and unsure how to interact appropriately if they are unaware of these cultural differences.  Other Component Culture u Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis – holds that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language  The different kinds of culture? u Dominant Culture/Mainstream Culture refers to the established language, religion, values, rituals, and social customs which are often the norm for society as a whole (ex: Catholic, Filipino speakers). u Subculture refers to the smaller groups of people share their own norms, customs, values etc. within the dominant culture of the society (ex: Residents from different provinces/ regions; Jejemon and Hypebeast cultures).  The different kinds of culture? u Counterculture is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society. it is often in opposition to mainstream cultural norms (ex: protests and rallies advocating for LGBTQ+ rights; “Woke” millennials).  The different kinds of culture? u “High” Culture refers to cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite (ex: Watching the opera, Eating at high-end restaurants; buying designer’s fashion). u PopularCulture refers to cultural patterns that are widespread among society’s population. u (ex:Watching local TV shows; eating at fast food restaurants and carinderias; buying from ukay-ukay etc)  How do people view their culture? u Ethnocentrism is a view that a particular group is the center of everything. Is it also the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture (ex: Superiority of Tagalogs over other ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines). u Multiculturalism recognizes cultural diversity in a group of people and promotes equality of cultural traditions (ex: Recognition of Muslims and indigenous peoples or IPs in national laws). u Cultural Relativism holds that a person’s beliefs, values and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture rather than be judged against the criteria of another (ex: Respect for the ramadan traditions of the Muslim).  How do cultures change? u Invention – process of creating new cultural elements. (ex: creation of new musical instruments and modes of transportation) u Innovation – improving on something that already exists. (ex: development of smartphones for newer and better versions) u Discovery – recognizing and gaining a better understanding of something already in existence. (ex: discovery of new species of plants and animals) u Cultures and societies change through a process called sociocultural change.  What is sociocultural change? u Gerhard Lenski – argued that a society’s level of technology is crucial in determining what cultural ideas and artifacts emerge or are even possible (Nolan & Lenski, 2010; retrieved from Macionis, 2017). u Lenski also pointed to the importance of sociocultural evolution: the historical changes in culture brought about by new technology, which unfolds in terms of four major levels of development: hunting and gathering, horticulture and pastoralism, agriculture, and industry. (Macionis, 2017) Which comes first, society or culture? Support your answer. A society cannot exist apart from culture. No culture can exist without social interaction in society; meanwhile, society cannot exist in the absence of people who have learned to live and work together.  CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE 1. Culture is social because it is the product of behavior. Culture does not exist in isolation. It is a product of society. It develops through social interaction. No man can acquire culture without association with others.  CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE 2. Culture varies from society to society. Every society has a culture of its own that differs from other societies. The culture of every society is unique by itself. Cultures are not uniform. Cultural elements like customs, traditions, morals, values, and beliefs are not constant.  CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE 3. Culture is shared. Culture is not something that an individual alone can possess. Culture, in sociological sense, is shared. For example, people of a society share all customs, traditions, beliefs, ideas, values, morals, etc.  CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE 4. Culture is not inborn. It is learned. Unlearned behavior then, is not culture. Shaking hands, saying thanks, etc. are cultural behaviors. Not all behaviors are learned, but most of these can be. Combing hair, standing in line, telling jokes, criticizing the president, and going to movies all constitute behaviors that need to be learned.  CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE 5. Culture is transmitted among members of society. Cultural ways are learned by people from others. Many of these ways are handed down from elders, parents, teachers, and others (most likely individuals of older generation), while other cultural behaviors are handed up to elders. Transmission of culture is made possible by language. Language is the main vehicle of culture. Transmission of culture may take place also through imitation as well as through instruction.  CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE 6. Culture exists as a continuous process. In its historical growth, it tends to become cumulative. Ralph Linton called culture “the social heritage” of man. No culture ever remains constant or permanent. It is subject to slow but constant variation. Likewise, culture is responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world; hence, it is dynamic.  CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE 7. Culture is gratifying and idealistic. Culture provides proper opportunities for the satisfaction of our needs and desires. Our needs, both biological and social, are fulfilled in cultural ways. Culture consists of the intellectual, artistic, and social ideals, and institutions where members of the society profess and strive to confirm.  What are some aspects of Filipino culture? u Behavior and traits are among the many things that constitute the culture of a society. Filipino Historian Teodoro Agoncillo, in his book “The History of the Filipino People”, outlined the common traits that are prevalent among Filipinos: u Hospitality – Filipinos are welcoming to others (even strangers) and will definitely offer people comfort when they arrive at a Filipino house. u Close Family Ties – Filipinos value their family (mother, father, grandparents, children) more than anyone and anything else. u Respect for Elders – Filipinos recognize their eldery as figures of authority. It is unthinkable for a Filipino to do an important thing without consulting his parents, or grandparents, even.  What are some aspects of Filipino culture? u Fatalistic– Filipinos often believe that whatever happens to them is the work of Fate. This fatalism is best symbolized in the phrase “Bahala na”. u Loyalty – do a Filipino a little favor and they remember you to the end of their days, for to the Filipino, friendship is sacred and should be mutual under all circumstances. u Sensitive – Filipinos would not tolerate anyone berating their fellow countrymen. They are easily piqued when a foreigner, for instance, makes a sweeping generalization that is not flattering to Filipinos.  What are some aspects of Filipino culture? u Tendency to be Indolent – indolent means laziness. Dr. Jose Rizal explained this tendency as the result of the tropical climate, which makes even the Western indolent in these parts of Paradise. But aside from the warm climate, indolence may be partly explained by the abundance with which Nature has endowed our country. u Lack of Initiative – this trait is explained by the natural fear of competition, for Filipino society is cooperative, not competitive. u Curious– The Filipino (being childlike) is naturally curious but tainted with sympathy.  What are some aspects of Filipino culture? uRegionalistic – Filipinos think not in terms of national boundaries but in regional oneness (ie: Bicol Region, Tagalog Region, Visayan Region, etc) uPakikisama – may be translated loosely as the intensive signification of camaraderie or spirit of comradeship, the main elements of which are unselfishness and good faith.  SHILA 2 Make a comic strip highlighting the different concepts, aspects and changes in society and culture. Let the title of your comics be: “Then and Now”.  SHILA 2 Make a comic strip highlighting the different concepts, aspects and changes in society and culture. Let the title of your comics be: “Then and Now”. Individual..  SHILA 2 2. Make a comic strip of (4) panels. What is a panel? A panel is an individual frame in a comic strip or book. 3. You can use either the English or Tagalog language for the caption. 4. Use of digital applications is allowed.  PERFORMANCE TASK 2 Group work Describe the ff. Filipino practices (draw Tinabu ay lot for a topic) Festival Can be in Ilonggo, Tagalog or English Sinulog Festival Presentation is thru: Babaylan Songs, Poster, Poems,Sabayang Pagbigkas, News casting and others Pasidungog Note: you can search the web for your narratives