Animal Taxonomy Unit 1 PDF

E-Learning Course: Animal Taxonomy Course Code: ALS101 Course Coordinator: Dr. Tara Kashav Topic: Unit 1 Note: All the material is compiled/modified from textbooks/freely available e- resources just meant for learning...

E-Learning Course: Animal Taxonomy Course Code: ALS101 Course Coordinator: Dr. Tara Kashav Topic: Unit 1 Note: All the material is compiled/modified from textbooks/freely available e- resources just meant for learning purpose of students  Animals are characterized being multicellular and eukaryotic About 1.2 million species of animals identified & almost 9-10 million species of animals on earth Creates importance of classification Helps in assigning a systematic position to newly described species Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 2  Animal Taxonomy Animal Taxonomy is the branch of science which deals with the identification, nomenclature and classification of animals. Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778) is regarded as the founder of taxonomy (father of taxonomy) till today Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 3  Taxonomy and systematics Taxonomy – Science of describing, naming, and classifying living and extinct organisms Systematics – Study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern Taxonomic groups are now based on hypotheses regarding evolutionary relationships derived from systematics 4 CUSB, Gaya Dr. Tara Kashav, Taxonomy Vs Systematics Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 5  Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Chromadorea Order: Rhabditida Family: Rhabditidae Genus: Caenorhabditis Species: elegans Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 6 Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 7  The lateral line lateral line system (LLS)/lateral line organ (LLO) system of sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water Achieved via modified epithelial cells (hair cells) respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these signals into electrical impulses via excitatory synapses Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 8  Basis of Classification :- i. Body symmetry ii. Nature of coelom iii. Patterns of digestive, circulatory and reproductive systems iv. Arrangement of cells in germ layers Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 9  Body symmetry. Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 10  Body Axes Three axes : – Anterior-posterior (head-tail) axis – Dorsal-ventral (back-belly) axis – Left-right axis Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 11  Cross sections bisecting the anterior-posterior axis Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 12 Nature of coelom Arrangement of cells in germ layers Body cavity present in most animals, located between the intestinal canal and the body wall. Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 13  Arrangement of cells in germ layers Ex: Cnidaria Ex: Chordates Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 14 Diploblastic Animals Triploblastic Animals The cells are arranged in two embryonic The cells are arranged in three embryonic layers-external ectoderm and internal layers-external ectoderm, middle layer of endoderm mesoderm, and internal endoderm Mesoglea present between ectoderm and Mesoglea is absent. Instead, the endoderm mesoderm is present between the endoderm and ectoderm Do not have body cavities Develop a body cavity, coelom Endoderm form true tissues and the gut Endoderm form lungs, stomach, colon, liver, urinary bladder Ectoderm forms epidermis, nervous tissue Ectoderm forms epidermis, hair, eye lens, and nephridia brain, spinal chord Do not have organs Have true organs Ex: Cnidaria and Ctenophora Ex: Platyhelminthes and Chordata (jellyfish, combjellies, corals, sea anemones) Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 15 Nature of coelom Arrangement of cells in germ layers Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 16 Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 17 Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 18  iii. Patterns of circulatory, digestive and reproductive systems Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 19 Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 20  References Campbell Biology Ninth edition or latest edition ( Chapter 1 and Chapter 32 ) Simpson: Principles of Animal Taxonomy (1962, Oxford). Dr. Tara Kashav, CUSB, Gaya 21