TYCV - IOT - Unit 1 (1).pdf

TYBCA 2024 IOT INTERNET OF THINGS Asst. Prof. Pradnya Nehete INTERNET OF THINGS  Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete KEY CONCEPT DEFINITION Taking everyday things, embedding them with electronics, software, sensors and then connecting them to i...

TYBCA 2024 IOT INTERNET OF THINGS Asst. Prof. Pradnya Nehete INTERNET OF THINGS  Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete KEY CONCEPT DEFINITION Taking everyday things, embedding them with electronics, software, sensors and then connecting them to internet and enabling them to collect and exchange data without human intervention is called as the Internet of Things (IoT) HISTORY OF IOT Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete COMPONENTS OF IOT Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete  SENSOR sensor with Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete A sensor is a device that measures physical input from its microprocessor environment and converts it into data that can be interpreted by a computer. TOUCH SPEED MOTION POSITION LIGHT LEVELS SOUND VIBRATION CHEMICAL MOISTURE HEAT GAS COLOR FLOW PRESSURE LEAKS SMOKE  CONNECTIVITY Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete Several Communication Protocols and Technologies are used in IOT to connect to Internet cloud. Depending upon Range, Cost, Power usage, Data rate etc. the right one is used.  DATA PROCESSING Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete In the processing stage, a computer transforms the raw data into information. The transformation is carried out by using different data manipulation techniques Data Aggregation Data Extraction Data Classification Data Analytics  USER INTERFACE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete The information processed is made available to the end-user in some way, like giving Alerts, Notifications, monitoring continuous feed or controlling the system remotely  ADVANTAGES Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete Convenience: Automates daily tasks, like adjusting home settings automatically. Efficiency: Saves time and resources, like smart thermostats reducing energy use. Remote Control: Lets you control devices from anywhere, like locking your door through your phone. Enhanced Safety: Smart alarms and cameras help keep homes and businesses secure. Data Insights: Provides valuable data for better decision-making, like monitoring your health metrics. Cost Savings: Can lower utility bills with energy-efficient devices. Improved Quality of Life: Helps with tasks like grocery shopping and managing household chores. Real-time Monitoring: Tracks conditions like weather or traffic in real-time. Better Resource Management: Optimizes the use of resources, like water and energy, in smart grids. Innovation: Drives technological advancement and new business opportunities.  DIS-ADVANTAGES Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete Privacy Issues: Collects personal data, which can be misused if not protected. Security Risks: Vulnerable to hacking and cyber attacks. Complexity: Managing multiple devices and their connections can be complicated. High Costs: Initial setup and maintenance can be expensive. Interoperability Problems: Devices from different brands may not work well together. Data Overload: Too much data can be overwhelming and hard to manage. Dependence on Technology: Over-reliance on IoT devices may reduce self-sufficiency. Limited Lifespan: Devices may become obsolete quickly as technology advances. Potential for Malfunctions: Devices can fail or work improperly, causing inconvenience. Environmental Impact: The production and disposal of IoT devices can have negative environmental effects. APPLICATIONS Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete  CHARACTERISTICS Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete 1. UNIQUE IDENTITY Characteristics: Every IoT device has a specific name or ID that makes it stand out from others. This unique ID helps in identifying and managing each device separately. Example: Imagine you have a smart home system with different devices like a thermostat, a security camera, and a smart light bulb. Each of these devices has its own unique ID or name, like “Living Room Thermostat” or “Front Door Camera.” This way, you can control or check the status of each device individually.  CHARACTERISTICS Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete 2. DYNAMIC NATURE Characteristics: IoT devices can change or adjust their behavior based on new information or conditions they encounter.. Example: Think of a smart irrigation system in your garden. It can change how much water it uses based on the weather forecast or the soil moisture level. If it rains, the system might use less water automatically.  CHARACTERISTICS Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete 3. SELF-ADAPTING Characteristics: IoT devices can learn from their environment and adjust their behavior without needing manual changes. Example: Consider a smart thermostat that learns your daily schedule and preferences. Over time, it adjusts the temperature settings based on when you’re home or away, and even how you like the temperature at different times of the day.  CHARACTERISTICS Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete 4. SELF-CONFIGURING Characteristics: IoT devices can learn from their environment and adjust their behavior without needing manual changes. Example: Consider a smart thermostat that learns your daily schedule and preferences. Over time, it adjusts the temperature settings based on when you’re home or away, and even how you like the temperature at different times of the day.  CHARACTERISTICS Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete 5. HETEROGENEITY Characteristics: IoT devices come in many different types and brands, but they can still work together despite their differences. Example: Consider a smart thermostat that learns your daily schedule and preferences. Over time, it adjusts the temperature sYou might have a smart speaker from one brand, a security camera from another, and a smart light bulb from a third. Even though they are from different manufacturers, they can all be controlled through a single app or system that integrates them.  CHARACTERISTICS Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete 6. INTEGRATED INTO INFORMATION NETWORK Characteristics:IoT devices are connected to a larger network that allows them to exchange information and work together. Example: Your smart home system might include various devices like a thermostat, a security camera, and smart lights. These devices are all connected to the internet and communicate with each other through a central hub or network. This integration allows you to control all of them from one app and see how they interact with each other, like having your lights turn on automatically when the security camera detects motion.  ARCHITECTURE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete LAYER - 1 : PERCEPTION LAYER Characteristics:This is the layer where data is collected. It includes sensors and devices that gather information from the environment. Example: Imagine you have smart light bulbs in your home with built-in motion sensors. These sensors detect when someone enters a room and collect data about movement.  ARCHITECTURE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete LAYER - 2. TRANSPORT LAYER Characteristics: This layer is responsible for transmitting the collected data to other parts of the system. It handles communication between devices and the central system. Example: The motion sensor data from your smart light bulbs is sent via your home’s Wi-Fi network to a central hub or cloud server. This communication ensures the data reaches the right place for further processing.  ARCHITECTURE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete LAYER - 3. PROCESSING LAYER Characteristics: This layer processes and analyzes the data received from the transport layer. It turns raw data into meaningful information. Example:The central hub or cloud server receives the motion data from your smart light bulbs. It processes this information to determine if someone is currently in a room or if the light should be turned on or off based on preset rules.  ARCHITECTURE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete LAYER - 4. APPLICATION LAYER Characteristics: This layer provides specific services or applications to users based on the processed data. It’s where you interact with the results. Example: You have a smartphone app that controls your smart lights. The app uses the processed data to let you manually turn lights on or off, set schedules, or adjust brightness. It shows you the status of each light and room.  ARCHITECTURE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete LAYER - 5. BUSINESS LAYER Characteristics: This layer focuses on the management, optimization, and business decisions related to the IoT system. Example: The company that manufactures your smart light bulbs uses data from all users to analyze how people use their lighting products. They might use this data to improve their products, develop new features, or create marketing strategies.  PHYSICAL DESIGN Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete This is about the actual hardware and devices used in an IoT system. It includes the sensors, actuators, and communication devices you can touch and see. Example: In a smart home, the physical design consists of smart thermostats, security cameras, and smart light bulbs. LOGICAL DESIGN Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete This is about how the system is organized and how the data flows and interacts within the system. It involves the software, protocols, and data processing methods that connect and control the devices. Example: In a smart home, the logical design includes how data from the security camera is sent to the cloud, how the thermostat adjusts the temperature based on the data, and how all these components work together through an app.  ENABLING Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete TECHNOLOGIES Enabling technologies for IoT (Internet of Things) are the tools and systems that make the IoT ecosystem work. These technologies help IoT devices gather, send, and handle data. In simple terms, they enable devices to collect information, share it, and use it effectively.  ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) : Simple Explanation: Devices that collect and send data wirelessly. Example: Soil sensors in a garden that wirelessly send moisture levels to a central system to control watering.  ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete CLOUD COMPUTING : Simple Explanation: Storing and processing data on the internet instead of on your own device.. Example: A smart thermostat saves your temperature settings online, so you can adjust it from anywhere using your phone.  ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete BIG DATA ANALYTICS: Simple Explanation: Analyzing large amounts of data to find useful patterns. Example: A fitness tracker collects lots of health data and helps you understand your exercise habits and health trends.  ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS: Simple Explanation: Rules that let devices talk to each other. Example: Your smart home lights and smart speaker use the same language so you can control the lights with voice commands.  ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: Simple Explanation: Specialized computers built into devices to do specific jobs. Example: The control panel in your microwave that manages cooking times and power levels.  THINGS IN IOT Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete DEVICES CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET : Basically Things refers to loT Devices which have unique identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities. Things are is main part of loT Application. IoT Devices can be various type, Sensing Devices, Smart Watches, Smart Electronics appliances, Wearable Sensors, Automobiles, and industrial machines. These devices generate data in some forms or the other which when processed by data analytics systems leads to useful information to guide further actions locally or remotely. E..g. 1. Connected wearable - Smart watch, smart glass, fitness band 2. Connected homes - Fridge, tv, coffee maker, dish washer, ovens etc. 3. Vehicles - Car, bike etc. 4. Smart meter - Water, gas, electricity usage  IDENTIFIERS IN IOT Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete In IoT, identifiers are unique labels or names used to recognize and distinguish each device or object within a network. Simple Explanation: Think of identifiers as names or tags for devices so the system knows exactly which device is which. Example: If you have multiple smart bulbs in your home, each bulb has a unique identifier (like a name or number) so you can control them individually, such as "Living Room Light" or "Kitchen Light."  M2M - MACHINE TO MACHINE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete WHAT IT IS ? M2M (Machine-to-Machine) is a technology that allows different machines or devices to talk to each other directly, without needing people to get involved.  M2M - MACHINE TO MACHINE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete HOW DOES M2M WORK? Sensors and Devices: Machines have sensors that collect information. For example, a sensor might measure temperature, motion, or other conditions. Communication: These machines send data to each other using networks (like the internet or local networks). This is done automatically, based on predefined rules or conditions. Actions: Based on the information they receive, machines can perform actions on their own. For example, if one device senses a certain condition, it can automatically trigger another device to act.  M2M - MACHINE TO MACHINE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete EXAMPLE - SMART REFRIGERATOR Scenario: You have a smart refrigerator with a temperature sensor and a connected smart alarm system. How It Works: The refrigerator’s sensor constantly checks the temperature inside. If the temperature goes too high (perhaps because the door was left open), the refrigerator sends a message to the alarm system. The alarm system then triggers an alert or notification, warning you that there’s a problem.  M2M - MACHINE TO MACHINE Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete BENIFITS : Automation: Devices work together automatically, which reduces the need for human intervention. Efficiency: Helps in managing tasks and processes more efficiently. Real-time Responses: Devices can quickly respond to changes or problems, improving overall performance and safety.  BASIC ELECTRONICS : Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete WHAT IT IS ? Basic Electronics involves understanding how simple electrical components like resistors, capacitors, and transistors work and interact with each other HOW IT RELATES TO IOT: Basic electronics are used to build and power IoT devices. They help in designing circuits that control and power these devices.  BASIC ELECTRONICS : Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete EXAMPLE : Smart Light Bulb: A smart light bulb uses basic electronic components to turn on and off, adjust brightness, or change color. For example, a transistor in the bulb helps control the flow of electricity based on signals it receives from the smart home system.  BASIC ELECTRONICS : Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete COMPONENTS AND THEIR ROLES: Resistors: ⚬ Role: Control the amount of current flowing through a circuit. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart light bulb, resistors ensure that the current is at the correct level for LEDs and other components to function properly. Capacitors: ⚬ Role: Store and release electrical energy to smooth out fluctuations in the power supply. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart thermostat, capacitors help maintain stable power to the microcontroller, preventing it from resetting due to power spikes. Diodes: ⚬ Role: Allow current to flow in only one direction, protecting circuits from damage. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart lock, diodes prevent reverse current from damaging the control circuits. Transistors: ⚬ Role: Amplify signals or act as switches. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart light bulb, transistors control the brightness by adjusting the amount of current sent to the LEDs. LEDs: ⚬ Role: Emit light when current passes through them. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart doorbell, LEDs light up to indicate that the doorbell is ringing or to show the device's status.  DIGITAL ELECTRONICS : Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete WHAT IT IS ? Digital Electronics deals with devices that use binary signals (0s and 1s) to perform operations. It involves components like microcontrollers and digital circuits. HOW IT RELATES TO IOT: Digital electronics are essential in IoT devices for processing information, making decisions, and communicating data.  DIGITAL ELECTRONICS : Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete EXAMPLE : Smart Thermostat: A smart thermostat uses a microcontroller (a type of digital electronic component) to read temperature data (input) and then process it to decide whether to turn the heating or cooling on or off. It operates using digital signals to make these decisions and communicate with other smart devices.  DIGITAL ELECTRONICS : Asst.Prof. Pradnya Nehete COMPONENTS AND THEIR ROLES: Microcontrollers: ⚬ Role: Act as the brain of the device, processing data and controlling other components. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart home system, a microcontroller manages data from various sensors (e.g., temperature, motion) and decides when to trigger actions like turning on lights. Logic Gates: ⚬ Role: Perform basic logical operations using binary data. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart irrigation system, logic gates can determine whether the soil moisture level is low enough to trigger watering based on sensor inputs. Flip-Flops: ⚬ Role: Store binary data and maintain states. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart security system, flip-flops can keep track of whether a door is open or closed and remember the last status even if the power goes out. Digital Sensors: ⚬ Role: Measure physical quantities and convert them into digital signals that can be processed. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a fitness tracker, digital sensors measure heart rate or steps and convert this data into digital signals for processing and display. Displays (e.g., LCDs): ⚬ Role: Show information in a digital format. ⚬ Example in IoT: In a smart thermostat, an LCD display shows the current temperature settings and other relevant information to the user.