Property Survey PDF

SUBJECT Name of College PROPERTY SURVEY Pamela Aurey A. Plete Faculty-in-Charge 1st Semester I AY 2024-2025 TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROPERTY LAWS AND REVIEW OF SURVEYING CONCEPTS Review of Surveying Concepts Defin...

SUBJECT Name of College PROPERTY SURVEY Pamela Aurey A. Plete Faculty-in-Charge 1st Semester I AY 2024-2025 TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROPERTY LAWS AND REVIEW OF SURVEYING CONCEPTS Review of Surveying Concepts Definition of Terms Property Surveying General Methodology Introduction to Property Laws and other existing related laws about property PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering PART I (Review of Surveying Concepts) Basic field operations performed by a surveyor involve linear and angular measurements Through application of mathematics (geometry and trigonometry) and spatial information knowledge, the surveyor converts these measurements to be the horizontal and vertical relationships necessary to produce maps, plans of engineering projects, or Geographical Information System/Land Information System (GIS/LIS) PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Linear and Angular Measurements Points on the ground or on a map are related to each other thrugh a horizontal distance and a horizontal angle (or direction). Measuring distances alone in surveying does not establish the location of an object. We need to locate the object in 3 dimensions. To accomplish that, we need: 1. Horizontal length (distance) 2. Difference in height (elevation) 3. Angular direction PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Angle An angle is defined as the difference in direction between two convergent lines. A horizontal angle is formed by the directions to two objects in a horizontal plane. A vertical angle is formed by two intersecting lines in a vertical plane, on these lies horizontal. A zenith angle is the complementary angle to the vertical angle and is formed by two intersecting lines in a vertical plane, one of these lines directed toward the zenith. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Types of Angular Measurements Horizontal angular measurements are made between survey lines to determine the angle between the lines. Vertical angular measurements are measured to determine slope of survey lines from the horizontal plane (level line). PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Types of Measured Angles Interior angles are measured clockwise or counter-clockwise between two adjacent lines on the inside of a closed polygon figure. Exterior angles are measured clockwise or counter-clockwise between two adjacent lines on the outside of a closed polygon figure. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Types of Measured Angles Deflection angles, right or left, are measured from an extension of the preceding course and the ahead line. It must be noted when the deflection is right (R) or left (L). Angles to the right are turned from the back line in a clockwise of right hand direction to the ahead line. Angles to the left are turned from the back line in a counter- clockwise or left hand direction to the ahead line. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Azimuths The azimuth of a line on the ground is its horizontal angle measured from the meridian to the line. Azimuth gives the direction of the line with respect to the meridian. It is usually measured in a clockwise direction with respect to either the north meridian or the south meridian. Azimuths may have values between 0 and 360 degrees. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Bearings The bearing of a line also gives the direction of a line with respect to the reference meridian. The bearing stated whether the angle is measured from the north of the south and also whether the angles is measured toward east or west. Bearing may have values between 0 and 90 degrees. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Traverse A traverse is a succession of straight lines along or through the area to be surveyed. The directions and lengths of these lines are determined by measurements taken in the field. A traverse consists of a series of lines, whose lengths and directions are measured, connecting points whose positions are to be determined. The route of the traverse line can be adjusted for obstacles such as rough or timbered terrain, swampy land, buildings and areas of heavy traffic. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Traverse An open traverse begins at a point of known position and ends at a station whose relative position is known. This type of traverse is frequently used for preliminary surveys for highways. A closed traverse begins and ends at the same point whose position is known. An example of this type of traverse is a perimeter survey of a tract of land. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Purpose of a Traverse A traverse is currently the most common of several possible methods for establishing a series or network of monuments with known positions on the ground. Such monuments are referred to as horizontal control points and collectively, they comprise the horizontal control for the project. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Azimuth Traverse It is measured clockwise either from the north or south end of a selected reference meridian to the line. These angles may lie anywhere between 0 and 360 degrees. It is used extensively on topographic and other surveys where a large number of details are to be located by angular and linear measurements from traverse station. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Traverse Computation There are various computation and adjustments required for a closed traverse: Determining the latitudes and departures and their respective algebraic sums. Calculating the total error of closure. Balancing the survey. Determining the adjusted position of each traverse station. Computing the area. Diving a several tract into similar parts. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Latitudes and Departures Latitudes It is a projection onto the reference meridian or a north-south line. Sometimes referred to as northings or southings. Its line with northerly bearings are designated as being North (N) or positive (+) and in southerly direction is designated as South (S) or negative (-). PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering Latitudes and Departures Departures It is a projection onto the reference parallel or an east-west line. Sometimes referred to as eastings. Its line with easterly bearings are designated as being East (E) or positive (+) and in westerly direction is designated as West (W) or negative (-). PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering  Formula: Lat= d cosα Dep= d sinα Linear Error of Closure (LEC) It is usually a short line of unknown length and direction connecting the initial and final stations of the traverse. It is approximately determined by plotting the traverse to scale, or more exactly by computing the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose sides are the closure in latitude and the closure in departure, respectively. 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑝 LEC= 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑝² and tanϴ= 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑡  Relative Error (Relative Precision) 𝐿𝐸𝐶 RP= 𝐷 Where: RP=Relative Precision LEC=Linear error of closure D=total length or perimeter of the traverse Traverse Adjustment Arbitrary Method Compass Rule of Bowditch Rule- the correction to be applied to the latitude or departure of any course is equal to the total closure in latitude or departure multiplied by the ratio of the length of the course to the total length or perimeter of the traverse. Transit Rule- the correction to be applied to the latitude or departure of any course is equal to the latitude or departure of the course multiplied by the ratio of the total closure in latitude or departure to the arithmetical sum of all the latitudes or departure of the traverse. PART 2: DEFINITION OF PROPERTY SURVEYING AND ITS RELATED TERMS INTRODUCTION Whether you are buying or selling a real estate property it is always advisable to know all the necessary information related to the property being bought or sold, such as deed restrictions, building locations, easements and pertinent setback requirements. This information is important because it can identify and determine whether or not the property being sold or bought is worth the value being paid or asked for. There’s a lot of research you have to do when you’re thinking or purchasing an investment as big as a home or land. INTRODUCTION This research is also called completing due diligence which is a real estate term. Essentially it means that you know exactly what state the land or house you want to buy or sell is in, and that you’ll be prepared for whatever happens. Obtaining the needed information about a property is not that difficult. There are a lot of surveys that can be utilized to acquire data. However, the best type of survey that you can use for this purpose is called a Property Survey. PROPERTY SURVEY A property survey begins with defining the boundaries of a plot of land. This clarifies the size of the property and where the land begins and ends. An updated property survey is also important for legal reasons. This is because municipal laws are not fixed-they change from time to time. For example, the property might have a shed or a fence what was well within the boundaries years ago but after undulated municipal border it now encroaches onto a neighbor’s property or too close to the public street. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering PROPERTY SURVEY A new survey will give you the confidence that the property complies with current local regulations. It can also highlight any potential discrepancies or boundary infringements. This can help you avoid any misunderstandings in the future with neighbors or the city/municipal ordinances. A property survey can identify and determine the location of all buildings and infrastructures within the property area with respect to deed restrictions, record easement lines, boundaries and pertinent municipal setback requirements. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering PROPERTY SURVEY It depicts all relevant building information, such as fences, easements, right of way and other improvement plans for the property. A property survey is useful in solving discrepancies that are related to any encroachments within the estate before buying or selling the property. It is also important in determining the current status of any structural locations and its due rights. A property survey is carried out by a Professional Geodetic Engineer/Surveyor to examine the condition and structures of the property. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY SURVEY LOCATION OF BOUNDARY LINES/PROPERTY LINES One of the most common reasons a landowner seeks the assistance of a licensed surveyor is the location of boundary lines and other lines. These legal boundaries of occupancy or possession are critical pieces of information to have before you build a fence, improve roofing or pave your driveway. All too often, the survey shows that you and your neighbors were operating under the wrong assumption. You both might have the placement of the boundary lines between your properties wrong. Before you have that fence erected, you want to make sure it will be built on your property, not your neighbor’s property. The boundary line certification will also tell you whether the legal description of your property is accurate. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY SURVEY UNDISCLOSED RIGHTS AND EASEMENTS You may own your new home and its surrounding land, but someone else might have a right to use a portion of your property for access, parking, utilities, and other situations. If your property blocks your neighbor’s access to the road, for example, there may be an old agreement (called easement) that gives your neighbor the right to walk across your property to access the main street. This information should be in public record. A survey will show all the conditions imposed by the law that are reflected in your property’s title report and other agreements. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY SURVEY IDENTIFYING WATER FEATURES The typical survey reports visible or surface waters only like Ponds, rivers, Creeks, Streams and Lakes. Underground waters and wetland are topics that are better covered by other professional inspections. If you own a property that happens to be by the sea or by a river, you maintain your right of ownership of the land, which compromises the bank or shore. However: The bank of rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins are subject to the easement of public use in the interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage. (PD 1067, Article 51) PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY SURVEY UNDISCOVERED ENCROACHMENTS, GORE AND GAPS These issues are part of the boundary line certification. Most surveys include a statement that (unless the surveys say otherwise) there are no discrepancies between the property boundaries of your property and the adjoining property This is especially pertinent if your property is next to alleys, roads, highways, or streets. A property survey may be the only way to tell if a third party holds a claim to part of your property because their improvements such as garage, fence or swimming pool, are on your land. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY SURVEY BORDERLINE STRUCTURES AND FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS If you or your neighbor wants to erect a fence or wall along the property line, a survey can help determine where to build it. If you are sharing the cost of the structure, it can straddle your property line. If not, it needs to be built solely on your property. Many residential platted lots have building restrictions known as setbacks which prohibit building anything within a certain distance from the boundary lines. If you are thinking of adding structural improvements in the future, a survey will help you determine if the property is right for both your current and future plan. The surveyor will usually confirm the improvements have been built in accordance to your property that exist at the time of the survey are not in violation with local codes, local authority ordinances or other restrictions. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY SURVEY SPECIFICATIONS OF A PROPERTY It may seem impossible, but sometimes a house built on the wrong lot. A survey provides peace of mind by showing the exact location of the house you are buying. A property survey can verify if the physical features and services available are adequate for your purposes. It can also check if the land is subject to flooding or not. A survey shows the exact dimensions of the property’s boundary lines and how much land is included within those lines. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering PROPERTY SURVEYOR A property surveyor takes precise measurements to identify the boundaries of a parcel of land and prepares reports, maps and plots that are used for construction, deeds or other legal documents. A property surveyor determines the precise location of roads, buildings and other features that are used to determine any changes to the property lines, restrictions on what may be built on a property or where new structures must be located how large structures may be and the appropriate building depths for foundations. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering RA 8560: AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF GEODETIC ENGINEERING IN THE PHILIPPINES DEFINITION OF TERMS Practice of geodetic engineering - The practice of Geodetic Engineering is a professional and organized act of gathering physical data on the surface of the earth with the use of precision instruments. It is also the scientific and methodical processing of these data and presenting them on graphs, plans, maps, charts or documents. It shall embrace, but is not limited to, the following activities: Professional Geodetic Engineering Services with the use of surveying and mapping equipment such as graduated rods, measuring tapes, transits, levels, theodolites, fathometers/echosounders, electronic distance meters, global positioning systems, stereoplotters and all other instruments that are used to determine metes and bounds of lands positions of points on the surface of the earth, water depths, underwater configuration, ground elevation, gravity, isostacy, crustal movements and the size and shape of the earth, and other instruments used for construction survey, and those instruments used to guide the installation PROPERTY SURVEYS of large industrial equipment and machineries; College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS Horizontal and vertical control surveys and political boundary surveys; Land surveys to determine their metes and bounds and prepare the plans thereof for titling and for other purposes; Subdivision, consolidation and/or consolidation-subdivision of titled properties; Submission of survey plans of subdivided, consolidated and/or consolidated- subdivision titled properties to the government agencies concerned; hereafter, such plans on surveyed titled properties submitted by geodetic engineers shall not be subject to verification and approval; PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS Preparation and making of sketch, lot and location plans; Conduction of engineering surveys and the technical preparation of engineering survey plans such as topographic, hydrographic, tidal, profile, cross-Sec., construction and boundary surveys; Parcelliary surveys of lands traversed by infrastructure projects; and the preparation of subdivision plans; Conduction of gravimetric and photogrammetric survey and the technical preparation of such survey plans; Survey and mapping works such as the preparation of geographic and/or land information system; PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS Survey to determine and establish line and grade for the construction of buildings and other structures and its attachments; Construction of as-staked and as-built surveys for infrastructures; Conduction of mineral and mining surveys; Installation of machineries requiring the use of precision instruments; Engagement in the transfer of the knowledge and technology of geodetic engineering in any institution of learning; PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS Geodetic Engineer - A Geodetic Engineer is a natural person who has been issued a Certificate of Registration by the Board of Geodetic Engineering and has taken the Oath of Profession of Geodetic Engineers. (RA 8560) Geodetic Engineer - A Geodetic Engineer is a natural person who has been issued a Certificate of Registration by the Board of Geodetic Engineering and has taken the Oath of Profession of Geodetic Engineers. (RA 9200) RA 9200 (AN ACT AMENDING REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED EIGHTY FIVE HUNDRED AND SIXTY (R.A. NO. 8560) OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE PHILIPPINE GEODETIC ENGINEERING ACT OF 1998, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES) PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS Geodetic Engineer -shall refer to a natural person with professional expertise in the field of surveying and the corresponding survey data presentation in the form of maps, plans, geo-spatial digital maps, etc.: either in the government service or in the private practice, and who has been issued a Certificate of Registration and Identification Card by the PRC-Board of Geodetic Engineering (DAO 2007-29 Section 3.d) HOW TO BE A REGISTERED GEODETIC ENGINEER? IRR OF RA 8560 All persons desiring to register as Geodetic Engineers and practice the profession must pass the licensure examination for the practice of Geodetic Engineering. All applicants for registration and admission to the practice of the Geodetic Engineers Profession shall be required to take and pass the geodetic engineering licensure examination. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR GE-shall refer to the written technical licensure examination given b the Board and administered by the Commission to measure the basic knowledge and technical competence of applicants for registration as geodetic engineers and entry in to the practice of geodetic engineering. BOARD-shall mean the Board of Geodetic Engineering. COMMISSION-shall mean the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) created under PD 223 as amended. Board of Geodetic Engineering Engr. Epifanio D. Lopez Engr. Randolf S. Vicente Engr. Concordio Zuñiga PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS What are the Scope of Examination? Laws, Rules and Regulations -20% Public Land Laws, Laws on Property, Laws on Natural Resources, Land Registration Laws, Land Reform Laws, Laws on Obligation and Contracts, Professional and Ethical Practice, Rules and Regulations governing Land Surveying Mathematics -20% Algebra, Solid Geometry, Analytical Geometry, Engineering Economics, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Differential and Integral Calculus, Mechanics. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS What are the Scope of Examination? Theory and Practice Surveying-20% Property Surveying, Isolated, Mineral and Mining Surveys, Cadastral Land Surveying, Astronomy, Route Survey and Earthworks, Hydrographic and Topographic Surveying, Photogrammetry, Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing, Engineering surveys and Construction Surveying Geodesy-20% Geodetic Surveying, Geodetic Astronomy, Geodetic Triangulations, Geodetic Leveling, Gravity Measurement, Least Squares, GNSS, Physical Geodesy, Geometric Geodesy and Satellite Geodesy PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering DEFINITION OF TERMS What are the Scope of Examination? Cartography-20% Plotting and Mapping of Isolated, Mineral, Cadastral, Hydrographic, Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing, Photogrammetric Surveys and Map Projection. PROPERTY SURVEYS College of Engineering CONNECT WITH ME Feel free to get in touch! En gr. Pam ela Au rey A. P lete I n st ru c to r 1 [email protected] Messenger: Pamela Aurey Astom Plete