SAP Transportation Management for LSP (TM140) PDF

TM140 SAP Transportation Management for LSP.. PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK INSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING. Course Version: 18 Course Duration: 5 Day(s) Material Number: 50150880 SAP Copyrights, Trademarks and Disclaimers © 2022 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved....

TM140 SAP Transportation Management for LSP.. PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK INSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING. Course Version: 18 Course Duration: 5 Day(s) Material Number: 50150880 SAP Copyrights, Trademarks and Disclaimers © 2022 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company) in Germany and other countries. Please see https:// www.sap.com/corporate/en/legal/copyright.html for additional trademark information and notices. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary. 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This information is displayed in the instructor’s presentation Demonstration Procedure Warning or Caution Hint Related or Additional Information Facilitated Discussion User interface control Example text Window title Example text © Copyright. All rights reserved. iii iv © Copyright. All rights reserved. Contents vii Course Overview 1 Unit 1: Freight Forwarding Process 3 Lesson: Describing Forwarding Orders 11 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders 13 Lesson: Using the Forwarding Order Document 17 Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Order 25 Lesson: Defining a Forwarding Order with a Location and Business Partner 31 Lesson: Routing a Forwarding Order 41 Lesson: Calculating Charges 45 Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Quotation 53 Unit 3: Forwarding Order Templates 55 Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Order from a Template 59 Unit 4: Advanced Transportation Network 61 Lesson: Defining Carrier Schedules 67 Lesson: Creating Sailing Schedules 71 Lesson: Combining Schedules in the Transportation Network 75 Lesson: Analyzing the Results of the Path Finder 79 Unit 5: International Shipments 81 Lesson: Modeling Ocean Shipping 85 Lesson: Creating Modes and Means of Transport to Support Ocean Shipments 87 Lesson: Booking Ocean Capacity to Execute Planning for International Shipments 91 Lesson: Creating Freight Bookings 93 Lesson: Creating Forwarding Orders 95 Lesson: Executing Planning for International Less than Container Load (LCL) Shipments 97 Lesson: Planning Container Provision 101 Lesson: Analyzing an LCL Air Transportation Process 109 Unit 6: Advanced Capacity Planning 111 Lesson: Planning Freight Documents Using Schedules © Copyright. All rights reserved. v 117 Unit 7: Freight Booking Management 119 Lesson: Creating Freight Bookings for Consolidation 121 Lesson: Generating Freight Orders for Pick up and Delivery 127 Unit 8: Service Order Management 129 Lesson: Managing Service Orders 135 Lesson: Creating Instruction Sets 143 Unit 9: Export and Import Handling 145 Lesson: Defining Export and Import Organizational Collaboration 155 Unit 10: Forwarding Agreement Management 157 Lesson: Identifying Forwarding Agreement Items 163 Lesson: Creating a Service Product Catalog 171 Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Settlement Document 185 Unit 11: Customer Settlement 187 Lesson: Applying Cost Pull 191 Lesson: Applying Flexible Invoicing Methodology 201 Lesson: Creating a Collective Forwarding Settlement Document 205 Lesson: Invoicing Carriers 217 Unit 12: Internal Settlement 219 Lesson: Settling Intercompany Transportation Costs 225 Lesson: Settling Intracompany Transportation Costs 227 Lesson: Configuring Intracompany Settlement Settings 239 Unit 13: Strategic Freight Selling 241 Lesson: Strategic Freight Selling Processing Steps 245 Lesson: Receiving an RFQ 251 Lesson: Generating Responses 259 Lesson: Negotiating Rounds 261 Lesson: Generating Agreements for Strategic Freight Procurement 265 Lesson: Assigning Users at the Forwarding Agreement Quotation (FWAQ) Item Level vi © Copyright. All rights reserved. Course Overview TARGET AUDIENCE This course is intended for the following audiences: Business Process Architect Business Process Owner/Team Lead/Power User Solution Architect Trainer User © Copyright. All rights reserved. vii viii © Copyright. All rights reserved.  UNIT 1 Freight Forwarding Process Lesson 1 Describing Forwarding Orders 3 UNIT OBJECTIVES Describe forwarding orders © Copyright. All rights reserved. 1 Unit 1: Freight Forwarding Process 2 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 1 Lesson 1 Describing Forwarding Orders LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson describes forwarding orders and their importance for SAP Transport Management. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Describe forwarding orders Freight Forwarding Process Once companies decide to outsource the transportation process, external business partners, which are often referred to as Logistics Service Providers (LSP), freight forwarders or Third- Party Logistics Providers (3PL), come into play. The figure Freight Forwarding Process shows the different services that LSPs offer their customers. Figure 1: Freight Forwarding Process A freight forwarder, forwarder, or forwarding agent is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or other companies; and may also act as a carrier. A forwarder is not as active as a carrier, and is only an agent or, in other words, a third-party (non-asset-based) logistics provider. The agent dispatches shipments through asset-based carriers and books or arranges capacity for these shipments. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 3 Unit 1: Freight Forwarding Process Carrier types include ships, airplanes, trucks, and trains. Freight forwarders typically arrange cargo movements to an international destination. Known as international freight forwarders, they have the expertise that allows them to prepare and process the documentation and perform related activities pertaining to international shipments. Some of the typical information reviewed by a freight forwarder is the commercial invoice, shipper’s export declaration, bill of lading, and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import, or transshipment. Much of this information is now processed in a paperless environment. A third-party logistics provider (abbreviated as 3PL, or TPL), is a firm that provides a complete service to its customers of outsourced (or third-party) logistics services for part, or all of their supply chain management functions. Third-party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated operations, warehousing, and transportation services that can be scaled and adapted to the customer’s needs. They are based on market conditions and the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials. General Document Flow Figure 2: General Document Flow Documents As shown in the figure General Document Flow, there are three major documents (reducing the document flow to the basic process): Transportation request Freight unit Transportation order 4 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Describing Forwarding Orders While the freight unit is the most important document during planning and the transportation order is the most important document during subcontracting and execution, the transportation request acts as the starting point for the entire process. The transportation request is important as all information required for the entire process is entered in this document. Transportation request management differentiates between two major processes and industries. The shipper industry generally starts a transportation process with an order in enterprise resource planning (ERP), either a sales order to a customer (which results in an outbound transportation) or a purchase order (which results in an inbound transportation). Therefore, the ERP system is the information leading system. While the shipper always integrates the information from the ERP system, the LSP is often called by the customers. Therefore, the order for transportation is manually entered. Entering the order manually is done in SAP Transportation Management (TM), which is the information leading system. The LSP can manually enter the information into the forwarding order, sometimes being preceded by a forwarding quotation. Forwarding Orders in SAP Transportation Management An offer (a quote) is made by a logistics service provider to a customer for the transportation of goods. The offer binds the logistics service provider for a certain period of time to execute a subsequent forwarding order for a certain amount of money. The quotation process in forwarding order management is seamlessly integrated with the tendering process in freight order management. Forwarding order management is comprised of functions such as creation, update, and confirmation of forwarding orders. Forwarding orders can be received electronically through EDI or can be entered through the user interface. See the figure Forwarding Orders in SAP Transportation Management for more information. Figure 3: Forwarding Orders in SAP Transportation Management Order Taking Process As shown in the figure Order Taking Process, the general forwarding order starts with the receipt of customer requirements, either as an e-mail, phone call or through direct bookings on the forwarding company’s portal. A dispatcher or forwarding agent may only have 3-5 © Copyright. All rights reserved. 5 Unit 1: Freight Forwarding Process minutes to dispatch a customer requirement. Therefore, it is important that a customer requirement can be processed quickly. SAP TM achieves this through the use of fast-entry screens and templates (including previously filled bookings). Figure 4: Order Taking Process Third Party Integration with a Forwarding Order SAP TM provides close integration between forwarding orders with neighboring building blocks, such as, transportation planning, transportation charge management, and forwarding settlement. Third party integration is also catered for, as shown in the figure Third Party Integration with a Forwarding Order. Figure 5: Third Party Integration with a Forwarding Order 6 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Describing Forwarding Orders LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Describe forwarding orders © Copyright. All rights reserved. 7 Unit 1: Freight Forwarding Process 8 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 1 Learning Assessment 1. What documents can serve as transportation requests? Choose the correct answers. X A Forwarding quotations X B Shipment requests X C Freight units X D Order-based transportation requirements © Copyright. All rights reserved. 9  Unit 1 Learning Assessment - Answers 1. What documents can serve as transportation requests? Choose the correct answers. X A Forwarding quotations X B Shipment requests X C Freight units X D Order-based transportation requirements 10 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  UNIT 2 Forwarding Orders Lesson 1 Using the Forwarding Order Document 13 Lesson 2 Creating a Forwarding Order 17 Lesson 3 Defining a Forwarding Order with a Location and Business Partner 25 Lesson 4 Routing a Forwarding Order 31 Lesson 5 Calculating Charges 41 Lesson 6 Creating a Forwarding Quotation 45 UNIT OBJECTIVES Use the forwarding order document Create a forwarding order with items Assign a shipping type to a forwarding order Outline the business partner used in a forwarding order Define the location, date, and time in a forwarding order Identify the stages used in a forwarding order Define the movement type for use in a forwarding order Provide or return empty containers Calculate charges for a forwarding order © Copyright. All rights reserved. 11 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Create a forwarding quotation 12 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Lesson 1 Using the Forwarding Order Document LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson discusses the use of a forwarding order document and the differentiation between UIs. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Use the forwarding order document Forwarding Order Type Logistics service providers operate globally, therefore they also operate multiple transportation modes as shown in the figure Different Means of Transport for a Forwarding Order. Each transportation mode has its own specially required information, which is entered into the forwarding order. In most cases the mode of transportation is already predefined by the customer based on the locations involved in the transportation. The method of processing forwarding orders can also vary from customer to customer, region to region or product to product. Figure 6: Different Means of Transport for a Forwarding Order UI Definition The forwarding order type defines which UI should be used for the forwarding order (for example, a general UI, or an air-specific UI) or if charge calculation and settlement should be enabled as shown in the figure Forwarding Order Type. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 13 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 7: Forwarding Order Type Page Selector The general Forwarding Order UI offers several tabs that offer information on different aspects of the transportation process. However, due to the high amount of fields and information, entering the forwarding order can be a lengthy process. With the customer on the phone, entering a forwarding order with the most important information (the information that the customer provides like Items, Locations, and Dates) is expedited. A Fast Order Entry UI offers only the most important information. The LSP can therefore use the Fast Order Entry to enter the data provided by the customer and later on switch back to the general forwarding order UI to enter further information that are required for the contract, standard operating procedures, etc. The Fast Order Entry UI differs depending on the transportation mode required as shown in the figure Fast Order Entry, for example, the Fast Order Entry UI for air transportation requirements includes special information like handling codes. 14 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Using the Forwarding Order Document Figure 8: Fast Order Entry Sales Organization As part of the supported integration with TM, the integration of the sales organization is essential if an SAP ERP back end is present. In the case of a 3PL using both TM and SAP ERP, the sales organization is integrated at two points. The first integration point is the forwarding agreement in TM. A forwarding agreement is a long-term contract that represents the contractual relationship with a customer to whom you are selling transportation services. In SAP TM, a sales organization is required to create such a document. In SAP TM, you can perform forwarding settlement with your ordering parties by creating a forwarding settlement document (FWSD) and sending it to SAP ERP for posting to financials. Figure 9: Sales Organization © Copyright. All rights reserved. 15 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Use the forwarding order document 16 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Lesson 2 Creating a Forwarding Order LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson describes the various item types and the hierarchal manner in which items can be added to a forwarding order. The different transportation scenarios are also discussed. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Create a forwarding order with items Assign a shipping type to a forwarding order Item Hierarchy One of the most important aspects of a forwarding order is the information regarding what is going to be transported. As goods are usually packed several times resulting in a different volume and weight than the product itself, the packing must be noted in the forwarding order. Items of a forwarding order can be added in a hierarchical way. The hierarchy itself has to follow certain guidelines, which represent the packing hierarchies in real life as shown in the figure Item Hierarchy. The top-most item is the passive vehicle resource, which can represent a trailer or rail car. In some cases the customer orders the LSP to transport an already filled trailer or railcar. If no passive vehicle resource is provided by the customer, the top-most item is usually the container. The container may then contain several packages. The package itself may contain further packages whilst the container may not contain any further containers. In each package the product items are then added. The net weight of the product is propagated to the packaged item where it is added to the tare weight of the package, and so on. The item hierarchy is also important later when creating freight units as items contained in one superordinate item (such as the container) cannot be split. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 17 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 10: Item Hierarchy Item Type Each item of the forwarding order needs to have an item type assigned. Item types are created in Customizing. In general, item types are associated with item categories. For each item category, special information can be stored within the item type. Item Types In SAP TM, there are five item categories: Passive Vehicle Resource When defining an item type for a passive vehicle resource, it needs to be differentiated between a trailer and a rail car. Both options can have a default resource type assigned to them that is automatically added into the corresponding item when using this item type. The resource type carries information such as the tare weight of the trailer or rail car as well as the length, width and height. Container The item type for containers looks very similar to the item type for passive vehicle resources, only without any differentiation. For containers, you can also assign a default equipment type, which is automatically populated in the item section of the forwarding order. Information such as Tare Weight and Measures are included in the item information of the forwarding order. Like with passive vehicle resources you can amend the populated information in the forwarding order. Package You can maintain the settings for the item type of a package, to allow for a check of over dimensional cargo to be executed. Apart from this package specific setting, you can only define settings that are common to all item categories, such as default units of measurement or text schemas. Product 18 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Order For the item type of products, you can only define settings that are common to all item categories, such as default units of measurement or text schemas. Service Item types for services can only have a text schema assigned. All other settings concerning services are set in different Customizing activities. It is possible to assign item types to forwarding order types. During this activity, the forwarding order evaluates whether the item type is allowed for this forwarding order type. If there is no item type of an item category assigned to the forwarding order type, it cannot be inserted into the forwarding order. However, when assigning item types to the forwarding order type, you can define a default item type for each item category, which is then populated once an item of an item category is inserted. Figure 11: Item Type Service Item Service items can also be added to the forwarding order. However, they do not influence the planning and are only used for instructions and additional charges in the forwarding order. Therefore, only the cargo items (package and product) and the equipment items (container and passive vehicle resource) are propagated to the freight unit, as shown in the figure Service Item. Service items remain on the forwarding order and are only tracked by the order. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 19 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 12: Service Item Passive Vehicle Resource In some cases, the customer orders the LSP to transport their own assets, for example, a trailer or rail car that is owned and loaded by the customer. In this case a passive vehicle resource is added to the items of a forwarding order and can contain containers, packages and products. If the passive vehicle resource is owned by the customer, the Shipper-Owned flag is set. When the customer orders an entire rail car or trailer but does not own the resource, the flag will remain blank. In this case a service item for providing the resource can be added to the forwarding order and the charge calculation can add additional charges for letting the resource. If a passive vehicle resource is added to the forwarding order, the container which is contained in the passive vehicle resource is no longer regarded as an equipment item but as a cargo item. Note: If a passive vehicle resource is added to the items of a forwarding order, it is likely that the freight unit building is going to directly create a rail car unit or trailer unit instead of a freight unit. 20 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Order Figure 13: Passive Vehicle Resource Item Detail While the forwarding order merges the item information on header level, the LSP still needs to know the exact information about each item of the forwarding order. When selecting an item, the item details show further information that are sometimes merged on header level (such as insurance value, value, weight and volume) but also information that remains for the individual item only. An example of this information is the seal numbers that are allocated to the container by the customer or customs. Furthermore, document references (even references that are unrelated to the system environment such as customs process number) can be stored on each item. This item specific information is also propagated to the freight unit. On each item, you can define locations and dates individually. By doing so, the freight unit building splits the items, consolidating items into only one freight unit for which the location and date is the same. The location and date on the header level becomes irrelevant. Figure 14: Item Detail © Copyright. All rights reserved. 21 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Shipping Type Shipping types define how the cargo is given to the LSP or carrier for transportation. Transportation Scenarios In general we can differentiate between two transportation scenarios: Consolidation is needed If consolidation is required, the customer only provides pallets to the LSP. The LSP finds other customer orders during planning in order to consolidate these orders into one container to reduce costs. Consolidation is not needed If consolidation is not needed, the customer provides the LSP already with a full container which can be transported individually as it is. Figure 15: Shipping Type Shipping Types Depending on the transportation modes, the consolidation processes and the shipping types are different as shown in the figure Shipping Type: Air Transportation: In air transportation,cargo is loaded into Unit Load Devices (ULDs) in order to be transported. In rare cases, airlines accept cargo that is not loaded into ULDs which is 22 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Order called loose cargo. Therefore we can differentiate between the shipping type ULD where consolidation is not needed and loose where consolidation is needed. Rail Transportation: In rail transportation, everything needs to be loaded onto a rail car which can carry several containers. The customer usually provides only a container that arrived at a port or needs to go to a port. The container then needs to be transported to a railway station where it is loaded onto a railcar. The shipping type where a container is provided for rail transportation is called Intermodal. Large customers order entire rail cars that they own or rent (as previously discussed). If the customer orders an entire rail car, this is referred to as the Carload shipping type. Truck Transportation: If the customer doesn’t provide enough cargo for an entire truck the LSP organizes multi- pick and multi-drop transports, this shipping type is knows as Less than Truck Load. If enough cargo for an entire truck is provided, it is called a Full Truck Load. Ocean Transportation: Ocean transportation uses ocean containers of different sizes. If the customer has already loaded a container and provided it to the LSP or carrier, this is known as Full Container Load transportation. If the customer provides some pallets but still wants transport via the ocean, this is referred to as the Less than Container Load process. Shipping types are mandatory for forwarding orders. Customized Shipping Type Let us use the ocean transportation as an example. The shipping type in the forwarding order determines which items may be inserted into a forwarding order. We have already talked about item types being assigned to forwarding order types and this concept is also valid for shipping types. Additionally, item type assignment for the shipping type is now checked together with the item categories used. If the shipping type Less than Container Load is used, no item of the item category Container may be used. If the shipping type Full Container Load is used, an item of the item category Container must be used. In this context we differentiate between cargo items (items, which represent the cargo itself) and equipment items (items in which the cargo items are loaded but don't represent individual goods). In air and ocean transportation, the item category Container acts as the equipment item, and the item categories Package and Product act as the cargo item. In rail transportation however, items of the item category Container act as cargo item as they are treated like cargo that is loaded onto the equipment items, or the rail car. Shipping types can be predefined in the forwarding order type. In this case it cannot be changed in the forwarding order document. Alternatively, you can enter the shipping type in the forwarding order document itself. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 23 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 16: Shipping Type Based Item Definition LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Create a forwarding order with items Assign a shipping type to a forwarding order 24 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Lesson 3 Defining a Forwarding Order with a Location and Business Partner LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson describes the business partner, location, date and time for use in a forwarding order. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Outline the business partner used in a forwarding order Define the location, date, and time in a forwarding order Business Partner Many parties are involved in the transportation process. These parties collaborate through the forwarding order. While on the LSP side, the sales organization is involved (we will talk about other organizational units later on) and several external parties are concerned as shown in the figure Business Partner Collaboration. The minimum amount of parties involved in a forwarding order is two, the shipper and the consignee. One of the parties acts as the ordering party. Figure 17: Business Partner Collaboration © Copyright. All rights reserved. 25 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Business Partners Manual or Transfer Business partners are stored as master data in the SAP TM system. They can either be created manually or transferred (out of ERP) from: Vendors Customers Plants Shipping Points Partner Role As already mentioned several business partners collaborate through the forwarding order. Depending on the nature of the forwarding order the business partner takes over different roles. These roles are defined as party roles. Party roles can be defined in Customizing. Each party role takes over different responsibilities in the forwarding order, some are only for informative use. The ordering party is the party role ordering the transportation at the LSP as shown in the figure Party Role. It is also used for determining the right contract and rates for charge calculation. The shipper is the party role that hands over the goods to the first carrier while the consignee will receive the cargo at the end of the transport. In the forwarding order only ordering party, shipper and consignee are mandatory but depending on the complexity of the transport more parties are involved and therefore maintained on the forwarding order. Common additional party roles include the notify party, which receives information about the forwarding order, and the carrier, which is supposed to transport the goods (this only applies if there is only one transportation leg for the entire transport) or the payer. While the charges will be determined based on the ordering party, the invoice can still go to a different business partner, the payer. Figure 18: Party Role 26 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Defining a Forwarding Order with a Location and Business Partner Partner Determination Profile If you would like to populate party roles in the forwarding order you can use a partner determination profile. Table 1: Partner Determination Profile Party Role Mandatory Source Role Business Partner Ordering Party Yes Shipper N/A Payer Yes Shipper N/A Notify Party No N/A Execution Org. The partner determination profile defines which party roles should be added to the forwarding order as well as their interdependency. While all party roles are populated in the forwarding order upon creation, you can only save the forwarding order when the mandatory party roles are defined. In the partner determination profile, you can also predefine the business partners for the party roles in two ways. You can either define a business partner directly for a party role or set interdependencies. In this case you can define that, for example, the shipper should always be the same business partner as the ordering party. If defined like this you will need to enter the business partner only for the ordering party. Partner determination profiles can be assigned to a forwarding order type directly. This is done in the Customizing activity for forwarding order types. To enable further dynamics, partner determination profiles can also be determined based on the combination of forwarding order type and incoterms. This is done in a separate Customizing activity. Location, Date, and Time Having talked about business partners, shipping types etc. we now come to the most obvious aspect of transportation, geography. The forwarding order needs to have at least a source location and a destination location. The locations are maintained on the Locations and Dates/ Times tab. Locations are stored as a master data record. Location master data can be created manually in SAP TM or transferred from SAP ERP. When transferred from SAP ERP the location master data is derived from the customer, vendor, shipping point or plant master data in ERP. Each location master data in SAP TM is of a specific location type (for example, customer, vendor, distribution center, or airport). Location master data is entered into the forwarding order regardless of which location types are used. When entering the location into the forwarding order, the address of the location master data is automatically drawn into the forwarding order. As previously mentioned, the source and destination location is defined on the forwarding orders header level which means that they apply to all items of the forwarding order. Alternatively, locations can also be defined for each item individually. In this case, the location on header level is left empty and is only defined in the item details. It is also possible to define the source location on header level for all items and different destination locations for each item. It can be prohibited to enter locations and business partners on item level with the corresponding settings in the forwarding order type Customizing. Besides the geography, time is another crucial factor in the transportation process as shown in the figure Location, Date and Time. The customer advises the LSP when the goods are to © Copyright. All rights reserved. 27 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders be picked up or dropped off. So the customer can request pick-up as well as drop off times but one of these times is sufficient for freight unit building. Note: These dates are considered as requested dates out of which a time window for pickup and delivery can be created during freight unit building. It does not necessarily mean that these dates will also be confirmed by the LSP due to missing capacity. Figure 19: Location, Date and Time One-Time Location In the LSP business there are numerous recurring customers and transports. Therefore it is best to have the locations stored as master data as entering the location into the forwarding order is quicker and the use of master data helps to create analysis reports. However, new customers or new locations may occur anytime and it is time consuming to create a location master data separately first and to then enter the new master data into the forwarding order with the customer on the phone. Therefore, it is also possible to enter only the address of the location into the forwarding order without defining a master data record. Once the address is entered, a location master data is automatically created. This location is called one-time location and is shown in the figure One-Time Location. The number range used for the creation of one-time locations can be defined in Customizing. One-time locations are exclusive to forwarding orders and cannot be used on order-based transportation requirements or delivery-based transportation requirements. 28 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Defining a Forwarding Order with a Location and Business Partner Figure 20: One-Time Location LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Outline the business partner used in a forwarding order Define the location, date, and time in a forwarding order © Copyright. All rights reserved. 29 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders 30 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Lesson 4 Routing a Forwarding Order LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson discusses the use of stages including stage types and stage profiles, and movement types in a forwarding order. The interaction between organizations is also discussed. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Identify the stages used in a forwarding order Define the movement type for use in a forwarding order Provide or return empty containers Stage Definition In most international transports, the LSP does a routing of the entire transportation prior to the planning itself. To do so, the LSP enters stages into the forwarding order on the Ordered Route or Actual Route tab. Initially, when only source and destination locations are entered, there is only one stage in the forwarding order. However, the LSP can split this stage and enter intermediate stops as well as planned arrival and departure dates for each intermediate stop. These stages are propagated into the freight unit and the planning complies with it. The stages can be maintained manually or automatically, running a transportation proposal. As different items of the forwarding order may have different destination locations, the routing can also be defined for each item individually. This is done on the Actual Route tab and not in the Item Details section. You can switch the view of the stages between a Stage View, where the different stages are listed on header level, displaying which items are contained in each stage, and an Item View where each item is listed on header level and the routing of each item is shown below. For each stage, you can maintain the required transportation mode. The definition of the transportation mode per stage is optional but if a transportation mode is defined for a stage, the corresponding freight units stage may only be planned on freight documents and resources of this transportation mode. Furthermore stages can be classified with so called stage types. There are predefined stage types such as pre-carriage, main carriage and on-carriage as shown in the figure Stage Definition. The transportation modes used in the stages do not have to match the transportation mode defined for the forwarding order, however, the transportation mode of the stage representing the main carriage should always match the transportation mode for the entire forwarding order. Stages can be defined as statistical stages which means that they are displayed on the forwarding order but not relevant for planning and therefore also irrelevant to the freight unit. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 31 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 21: Stage Definition Stage Type Stage types can be maintained in Customizing. There are five stage categories to which the stage types are assigned. The stage categories customer self-delivery and customer pickup are always considered statistical stages. Stage types do not have a built-in automatic business process logic but many dynamic options can be based on a stage type such as planning, charge calculation and settlement. Using stage types is therefore important if one of the follow-up activities might be dependent on the nature of a stage. To each stage type, instruction sets can be added as shown in the figure Stage Type. Instruction sets contain instructions to be fulfilled. Once a stage of this stage type is added to the forwarding order, the instructions contained in an instruction set are added to the forwarding order and are visible on the Instructions tab. Customer service is then responsible for executing the instructions and reporting the execution of the instructions in the forwarding order. Instructions and instruction sets can be defined in Customizing. For each stage type, you can define allowed transportation modes in Customizing. If you do so, you cannot use any other transportation mode for a stage type than that defined in the Customizing activity. Furthermore, you can define if a specific transportation mode should be used as default transportation mode for a stage type. The default transportation mode is automatically proposed for the stage using this stage type. 32 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Routing a Forwarding Order Figure 22: Stage Type Stage Profile Table 2: Stage Grid Sequence Stage Type Occurrence Propose Planning Internal Set- Stage Relevance tlement Rele- vance 10 Pre-Carriage Optional No Relevant When ready for execution 20 Main Carriage Mandatory Yes Relevant When in exe- cution 30 On Carriage Optional No Relevant When execut- ed Rather than entering all of the stages manually, it is often required to have a populated stage grid on the forwarding order. For example, if you know you are going to create a forwarding order for ocean transports you will probably have a pre-carriage with a truck, a main carriage by ocean and an on-carriage by truck. When a customer calls to order such a transport, the LSP does not want to create these three stages manually but only wants to enter the ports of the main carriage having the stages already populated. This can be accomplished with stage profiles. Stage profiles are created in Customizing and are assigned to the forwarding order type. In a stage profile, you can enter a defined set of stages in a defined order. If the stage profile is defined for the forwarding order document, it is not possible to alter the sequence of the stages. Furthermore, only the stage types defined in the stage profile are allowed for the forwarding order. In the stage profile, stage types are defined in a certain sequential order. Additionally you can define whether a stage type is mandatory for the forwarding order. If this is the case, the freight unit will not be built unless the mandatory stage types are entered into the forwarding order. Furthermore, it can be defined whether stage types should be automatically populated into the forwarding order stages upon creation of the document with the Propose Stage option. It is beneficial to propose the mandatory stages in the forwarding order to help the user. As already mentioned, stages can be defined statistically. This can also be defined for each stage in the stage profile. The planning relevance can be defined directly or dynamically © Copyright. All rights reserved. 33 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders depending on the combination of sales organization of the forwarding order and the planning and execution organization of the stage. In the stage profile, you can additionally define when the stage is relevant for internal settlement, depending on the execution status of the stage. Ordered Route and Actual Route In the Forwarding Order document, you can find two similar tabs: Ordered Route and Actual Route. The ordered route contains routing that the customer has ordered, this determines which charge calculation and settlement must run. However, the LSP might decide to route the cargo differently to what the customer has ordered due to more capacities being available on a different route. Therefore the ordered route (customer requested and funded) and the actual route (used by the planning department) need to be differentiated, which is shown in the figure Ordered Route and Actual Route. As previously mentioned, the ordered route represents what the customer has requested. The charge calculation can run on either the ordered route or the actual route but in most cases it will be based on the ordered route. Therefore the information gained from the ordered route will in most cases be used for the charge calculation and is considered upon creation of the forwarding settlement document, which represents the invoice sent to the customer. The actual route defines the transportation of the cargo. Therefore, when a transportation proposal is run for a forwarding order, only the actual route is updated according to the selected result of the transportation proposal. The routing used in the actual route is always used for the freight unit. The routing of the ordered route is irrelevant to the freight unit and therefore the planning process. If necessary, you can copy the actual route into the ordered route. Figure 23: Ordered Route and Actual Route Default Route Assignment As previously mentioned, the ordered route is the routing that the customer requested. Often the routing is agreed with the customer in the contract. A contract between the LSP and the 34 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Routing a Forwarding Order customer is represented by a forwarding agreement. The forwarding agreement is automatically determined during charge calculation, based on the combination of the sales organization of the forwarding order document and the business partner used as the ordering party. However, it is possible to overrule the automatic determination by manually assigning a forwarding agreement (representing a contract) or a forwarding agreement item (representing a specific service product of the LSP) to the forwarding order document. The forwarding agreement item may contain one or several agreed routings. The routing is stored in SAP TM as default routes. Default routes contain different stages with specific locations (remember that stage profiles don’t contain any locations). The default route is therefore assigned to the forwarding agreement item as shown in the figure Default Route Assignment. Once the forwarding agreement item is assigned to the forwarding order document, you can choose a routing from the forwarding agreement item. On the General Data tab of the document, you can choose one of the default routes assigned to the forwarding agreement item, which was manually added to the forwarding order. The default route chosen will be taken over as the ordered route and as the actual route. Figure 24: Default Route Assignment Movement Type We have previously talked about stage profiles, which provide a preset set of stages for a forwarding order. However, stage profiles are assigned as fixed to a forwarding order type and cannot be influenced. The movement type describes the geographical nature of the entire transportation process, as shown in the figure Movement Type. While the shipping type described the nature of what is going to be transported, the movement type describes the way it is going to be transported. Common examples for movement types are door-to-door or port-to-port. When defining a movement type, the business partner entered as the shipper of the forwarding order can be used as source location of the forwarding order (that is, the location that has the business partner defined as shipper assigned). The same can be done for the destination location which is derived from the consignee of the forwarding order. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 35 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 25: Movement Type Stage Sequence based on Movement Type Table 3: Stage Sequence Definition in Movement Type Sequence Stage Type Occurrence Propose Planning Internal Set- Stage Relevance tlement Rele- vance 10 Pre-Carriage Optional No Relevant When ready for execution 20 Main Carriage Mandatory Yes Relevant When in exe- cution 30 On Carriage Optional No Relevant When execut- ed You might remember this stage type sequence definition from the definition of stage profiles. The definition of stage type sequences is done in the same way for stage profiles. Once the movement type (which is mandatory information for the forwarding order) is entered, the stages defined for the movement type are entered as they were defined for the stage profiles. Movement Type Customizing Movement types are mandatory for forwarding orders. In Customizing, you can define stage type sequences and assign them to movement types in the same way as you do for stage profiles. In the forwarding order type Customizing, you can then decide whether the stage determination should be run based on an assigned stage profile (the stage profile is assigned to the forwarding order type) or on a movement type as shown in the figure Movement Type Customizing. The movement type can either be assigned to the forwarding order type or inserted into the forwarding order document directly. 36 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Routing a Forwarding Order Figure 26: Movement Type Customizing Empty Container Provisioning Figure 27: Empty Container Return So far, we have only looked at the transport of goods, not at the transport of equipment like containers. The transport itself only starts once the container is loaded and ready for the journey. However, the container already had to travel before it was loaded at the shipper’s site. If the shipper does not have their own container, an empty container needs to be hired from either the carrier or the logistics service provider responsible for the entire transport. The container is then picked up from a container yard where the empty containers are stored and transported to the point of loading, in this case the shipper. This process is called empty container provisioning. Once the full container load (FCL) transport is executed and the container is unloaded at the consignee’s site, the empty container needs to be brought to a container yard again (usually not the container yard it was picked up in). This process is called empty container return. The provisioning and return of the container is usually not considered an essential part of the transportation service of the logistics service provider, however, it needs to be tied in with the transport of the full container in order to provide the container at the right time. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 37 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Despite that fact that empty provisioning and empty return can be ordered on the same forwarding order, the source and destination location of the forwarding order are the loading and unloading points of the container. The container yards included in the transportation process are not maintained on the Locations and Dates/Times tab. However, the provisioning or return of empties can be defined in the item hierarchy. To do this, a container item needs to be maintained in the item hierarchy. For the container item, the options Empty Provisioning and Empty Return can be set. In the details of the container item, two new tabs appear that represent empty provisioning and empty return. In empty provisioning, the delivery location of the empty container is already selected, as well as the delivery date. However, you can change the delivery date to an earlier date than the pickup date of the loaded container to allow the shipper time to load the container. You can also change the delivery location of the container if the shipper wants to receive the empty container at a different location to where the loaded container is picked up. The same applies to the empty return of a container where the pickup date and the pickup location are prefilled from the Locations and Dates/Times tab, but can be changed if necessary. Once the pick-up location for the empty container provisioning and the destination location for the empty container return are defined, they also appear on the Ordered Route tab as an individual stage. However, since the empty provisioning and return is not an essential part of the transport of the goods, it is not part of the complete carriage in either the actual nor the ordered route. The dates and locations for empty provisioning and return can also be defined and amended in the Ordered Route tab directly without having to use the item details of the container item. When triggering freight unit building from a forwarding order including empty provisioning and return, freight unit building is triggered separately for the cargo movement (movement of the loaded container) and for the empty provisioning and return leg (movement of the empty container). If both, empty provisioning and return is used in the forwarding order, separate freight units and transportation units are created. As freight unit building is triggered separately, it can be configured whether the cargo movement should be represented by a container unit or a freight unit or should be differentiated from the empty provisioning and return container units by document type. This can be accomplished by using a condition in the freight unit building rule that determines the TOR type based on the item category and movement category. The empty provisioning is shown on the movement category of the transportation unit (empty return is also shown on movement category). Differentiating Between Container Units The container unit created for empty provisioning and return only contains the container item on the Cargo tab, while the container unit created for the cargo movement contains the full item hierarchy of the associated forwarding order. In some cases, a customer can request the logistic service provider to provide or return more empty containers than only the ones that contained cargo. While the request for empty provisioning and return is only concerned with the containers that also carry cargo, additional empty containers that are not carrying cargo can also be ordered with the same forwarding order. Instead of using the identifier X for empty provisioning or empty return, the identifier P (Provisioning Only) can be set for empty provisioning. Likewise R (Return Only) can be defined for empty return. As opposed to the request for empty provisioning of a container that is going to carry cargo, the container items for which Provisioning Only is defined may not contain any cargo item such as a package or a product. The same applies to having defined Return Only for empty return. The container items for Provisioning Only and Return Only can coexist with container items carrying cargo on the same forwarding order. However, it is only possible to define either Provisioning Only or Return Only for a container item. When defining Provisioning Only or Return Only for container items, the number of containers to be provided or returned can be defined in the item details on the corresponding tabs. If empty provisioning and return is requested for cargo carrying containers, the number of containers is taken over from the item table and 38 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Routing a Forwarding Order cannot be changed in the item details. Freight unit building will create separate container units for the containers where Provisioning Only was defined. By using the condition to determine TOR types in the freight unit building rule, it is possible to differentiate empty container units for provisioning only and empty provisioning for cargo carrying containers. The ordering party may ask the logistic service provider to organize the hire of a container but picks up the container at the container yard themselves. If so, the container item in the forwarding order can carry the information that the pickup or return of the empty container is organized by the ordering party. In this case the corresponding stage for the empty provisioning and return is set to Not relevant for planning. The container unit created for the empty provisioning and return is automatically blocked for planning (Block reason: Not Ready for Planning). All functionality is also available for railcars. Please note that the freight unit building rule in this case should be adjusted to create rail car units. Empty provisioning and return is currently not supported for trailers and trailer units. LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Identify the stages used in a forwarding order Define the movement type for use in a forwarding order Provide or return empty containers © Copyright. All rights reserved. 39 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders 40 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Lesson 5 Calculating Charges LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson describes the calculation of charges including the additional functionality used to calculate charges for a forwarding order. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Calculate charges for a forwarding order Charge Calculation The transportation charge management in SAP TM calculates charges for what the customers are supposed to pay for the transportation services and to the carrier, including the integration of invoice requests to SAP ERP. In the context of forwarding order management, we are only concerned with the functionality of charge calculation and what the customer is supposed to pay for the transportation process entered in the forwarding order. The functionality that is discussed is shown in the figure Charge Calculation for a Forwarding Order. The charge calculation is enabled in the forwarding order type. Additionally, the charge calculation can be configured so that it runs automatically when the forwarding order is saved and the required changes to the document are made. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 41 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 28: Charge Calculation for a Forwarding Order Forwarding Settlement Document Once the charge calculation is performed the charges can be invoiced to the customer. Note: SAP TM does not create invoices, instead it creates documents that are used to integrate with SAP ERP, where invoices are created. From the forwarding order charges a new document is created, the forwarding settlement document. Therefore, if you enable the charge calculation and the settlement (the settlement can be enabled separately) in the forwarding order type, you must also maintain the document type of the forwarding settlement document that is created for the charges. The creation of this document is shown in the figure Forwarding Settlement Document Creation. The forwarding settlement document does not necessarily need to be created for all charges but several forwarding settlement documents can be created for one forwarding order, based on the settlement Customizing. It is also possible to create forwarding settlement documents collectively for several forwarding orders. The forwarding settlement document is then transferred as a customer freight invoice request to ERP, where a sales order in SAP ERP Sales & Distribution is created. From there, the common process of billing a customer in SD starts. 42 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Calculating Charges Figure 29: Forwarding Settlement Document Creation Business Case A sales organization wants to create an invoice or billing document in ERP for the services rendered to a customer. Forwarding Settlement Document (FWSD) A document created in TM that can be sent to SAP ERP to request the creation of an invoice to be sent to a customer. LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Calculate charges for a forwarding order © Copyright. All rights reserved. 43 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders 44 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Lesson 6 Creating a Forwarding Quotation LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson describes the creation of forwarding quotations. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Create a forwarding quotation Forwarding Quotation In the transportation business, the interaction with the customer does not start with the order for transportation (the forwarding order) but earlier when the customer inquires about a price for a specific transport. To cater for this process, the forwarding quotation document is used. As depicted on the figure Forwarding Quotation Process, the ordering party requests a price quotation from the LSP. The LSP creates a forwarding quotation document and enters the required information for the transport. The forwarding quotation is similar to the forwarding order apart from some specific differences, which will be discussed later. Once all of the transportation information is entered, the LSP calculates the charges for the forwarding quotation. Optionally, the quotation may receive a validity until the price calculated is guaranteed for the customer. The calculated forwarding quotation price is manually amended by the LSP before it is sent to the customer. The customer is asked to accept or reject the quotation within the defined validity period. If the customer accepts the offer, a forwarding order is created which takes the required information from the forwarding quotation. If the customer uses SAP TM, the forwarding quotation is created based on a freight order tendering RfQ that is generated in the customers SAP TM system. Once the customer accepts the offer, the LSP is entered as the carrier in the customer’s freight order and the freight order is communicated via the B2B interface to the LSP, where a forwarding quotation is created. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 45 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders Figure 30: Forwarding Quotation Process Customizing Forwarding Quotation Types If quotations are included in the customer interaction process, the forwarding quotation is created manually by the customer service agent entering all required information. On the forwarding quotation the charges are calculated based on transportation charge management set up. The charge calculation methodology discussed earlier for the forwarding order works exactly the same for forwarding quotations. Forwarding quotations are based on forwarding quotation types that are defined in Customizing. The Customizing for forwarding quotation types looks similar to the Customizing for forwarding order types, as you can assign item types to the forwarding quotation, and also assign transportation modes. The forwarding quotation type is defined in the forwarding order type to be used later. It is not possible to start planning or freight unit building with a forwarding quotation as it is only a quotation. Once the customer accepts the quotation, the LSP creates a forwarding order from the forwarding quotation with a corresponding button in the forwarding quotation. Once this has been done, you can create freight units and start the planning. The charges calculated and accepted by the customer are taken from the forwarding order, and the charge calculation is disabled if it was set up to run automatically on the forwarding order. It is possible to rerun the charge calculation in the forwarding order, this overwrites the charges calculated for the forwarding quotation. The process of the document flow between the forwarding quotation and forwarding order is defined in the figure Document Flow With Forwarding Quotation. 46 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Creating a Forwarding Quotation Figure 31: Document Flow With Forwarding Quotation Retroactive Assignment of Forwarding Quotation In some cases the customer places an order with an LSP without mentioning the forwarding quotation that was previously processed. In this case, the LSP can still go ahead and manually enter all of the information received on the phone into a newly created forwarding order instead of searching the system for the forwarding quotation while the customer is on the phone. Once all of the information is entered and the call has ended, the LSP can try to locate the corresponding forwarding quotation, for example, by using POWLs. Once the forwarding quotation is found, the LSP can retroactively assign the forwarding quotation to the forwarding order to represent the correct document flow as shown in the figure Retroactive Assignment of Forwarding Quotation. When retroactively assigning a forwarding quotation to the forwarding order, the system checks if the forwarding quotation can be assigned to the forwarding order (if the information in the quotation fits the order). Figure 32: Retroactive Assignment of Forwarding Quotation © Copyright. All rights reserved. 47 Unit 2: Forwarding Orders RfQ and Quotation Process As previously mentioned, the forwarding quotation process can be differentiated according to two different scenarios. The first scenario, depicted on the left side of the figure RfQ and Quotation Process, represents the general price request for transportation. In this case, the LSP runs the charge calculation in the forwarding quotation and submits the price to the customer who will accept or reject the offer. In the second scenario, as shown on the right of the figure RfQ and Quotation Process, the customer has already calculated a price that they are willing to pay. In most cases this is based on an agreement between the customer and the LSP. The customer then sends the transportation request together with the requested price to the LSP to ask whether the LSP is able to execute this transport at the provided price. The LSP doesn’t need to run a charge calculation but they do need to decide whether they want to accept or reject the transportation. If it is accepted, the forwarding order is created in the same way as the process involving the charge calculation. When Customizing a forwarding quotation type, the first (including charge calculation) or the second (including a predefined price) scenario is selected. Figure 33: RfQ and Quotation Process LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Create a forwarding quotation 48 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Learning Assessment 1. What can be defined in the forwarding order type? Choose the correct answers. X A Output profile X B Transportation dates X C Movement type X D Truck resource 2. What are valid item categories for the forwarding order? Choose the correct answers. X A Active vehicle resource X B Document X C Service X D Package X E Container 3. What serves as a cargo item for ocean forwarding orders? Choose the correct answers. X A Package X B Container X C Product X D Service © Copyright. All rights reserved. 49 Unit 2: Learning Assessment 4. What is a mandatory party role in the forwarding order? Choose the correct answer. X A Consignee X B Notify party X C Carrier X D Payer 5. Locations have to be maintained as master data before using them in a forwarding order. Determine whether this statement is true or false. X True X False 6. Identify the wrong statement about the ordered route. Choose the correct answers. X A The ordered route can be defined by a forwarding agreement item X B The ordered route can be used for charge calculation X C The ordered route is copied into the freight unit X D The ordered route is not influenced by a stage profile 7. A movement type and stage profile can both be assigned to the forwarding order type. Determine whether this statement is true or false. X True X False 50 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 2 Learning Assessment - Answers 1. What can be defined in the forwarding order type? Choose the correct answers. X A Output profile X B Transportation dates X C Movement type X D Truck resource 2. What are valid item categories for the forwarding order? Choose the correct answers. X A Active vehicle resource X B Document X C Service X D Package X E Container 3. What serves as a cargo item for ocean forwarding orders? Choose the correct answers. X A Package X B Container X C Product X D Service © Copyright. All rights reserved. 51 Unit 2: Learning Assessment - Answers 4. What is a mandatory party role in the forwarding order? Choose the correct answer. X A Consignee X B Notify party X C Carrier X D Payer 5. Locations have to be maintained as master data before using them in a forwarding order. Determine whether this statement is true or false. X True X False 6. Identify the wrong statement about the ordered route. Choose the correct answers. X A The ordered route can be defined by a forwarding agreement item X B The ordered route can be used for charge calculation X C The ordered route is copied into the freight unit X D The ordered route is not influenced by a stage profile 7. A movement type and stage profile can both be assigned to the forwarding order type. Determine whether this statement is true or false. X True X False 52 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  UNIT 3 Forwarding Order Templates Lesson 1 Creating a Forwarding Order from a Template 55 UNIT OBJECTIVES Create a forwarding order from a template © Copyright. All rights reserved. 53 Unit 3: Forwarding Order Templates 54 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 3 Lesson 1 Creating a Forwarding Order from a Template LESSON OVERVIEW This lesson looks at creating a forwarding order from a template and with a reference. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Create a forwarding order from a template Forwarding Order Template Figure 34: Forwarding Order Template LSPs may have a number of key accounts with transports recurring on different dates. To save time the LSP can create a template for the forwarding order as it is the same in every transport, enter as much information as necessary. Forwarding order templates are based on forwarding order types and appear the same as forwarding orders but without fields for dates as shown in the figure Forwarding Order Template. When a customer orders a transport for a specific date on one of the recurring transports, the LSP only must create a forwarding order from the template. All of the data is copied from the template into the forwarding order. On the forwarding order template, you can enter and save all of the information that a forwarding order has except for the dates. It is not possible to do any follow-up activities, for example, charge calculation and HBL number drawing. Additionally, freight unit building is not possible as planning is only done based on the information from the forwarding order and planning cannot be done without any dates. © Copyright. All rights reserved. 55 Unit 3: Forwarding Order Templates Forwarding order templates and forwarding orders, based on the same document type, can be differentiated by different number ranges. When customizing a forwarding order type, you can dedicate a number range for templates and a number range for forwarding orders. Forwarding Quotation Template Figure 35: Forwarding Quotation Template The principle of templates is also available for forwarding quotations as shown in the figure Forwarding Quotation Template. Everything discussed about forwarding order templates also applies to forwarding quotations. Once a forwarding quotation is created from a template, the process discussed for forwarding quotations and forwarding orders begins. LESSON SUMMARY You should now be able to: Create a forwarding order from a template 56 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 3 Learning Assessment 1. Forwarding orders and forwarding order templates of the same document type have to use the same number range. Determine whether this statement is true or false. X True X False © Copyright. All rights reserved. 57  Unit 3 Learning Assessment - Answers 1. Forwarding orders and forwarding order templates of the same document type have to use the same number range. Determine whether this statement is true or false. X True X False 58 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  UNIT 4 Advanced Transportation Network Lesson 1 Defining Carrier Schedules 61 Lesson 2 Creating Sailing Schedules 67 Lesson 3 Combining Schedules in the Transportation Network 71 Lesson 4 Analyzing the Results of the Path Finder 75 UNIT OBJECTIVES Create carrier schedules Generate departures Identify the Logistics Service Provider (LSP)-based schedules Apply default routes Create connection flights Analyze the results of the path finder © Copyright. All rights reserved. 59 Unit 4: Advanced Transportation Network 60 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Unit 4 Lesson 1 Defining Carrier Schedules LESSON OVERVIEW In this lesson, you learn about carrier schedules, schedule types, and schedule capacities. You create a carrier schedule before you examine and generate departures. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Create carrier schedules Generate departures Carrier Schedules Figure 36: Sailing Schedule with Gateway When shipping products via air or ocean, consider that your partners are typically renting space at a port facility. This facility is used by many parties, and so options for moving product may be limited. The road-based scenario can make use of a variety of transportation lanes due to the flexibility of the carriers, but ocean and air carriers often face more competition and more regulation. This limits the flexibility for departures and arrivals. From a transportation planning perspective, you may need a more structured and predictable plan for scheduling purposes. With SAP TM, your organization can take advantage of different types of schedules to model specific departure and arrival rules suited to air and ocean shipping. Carrier schedules represent the actual transportation executed by the schedule vehicle, be it by plane, vessel, train, or truck. Usually, these schedules involve stopping at locations such as ports and airports that are used commonly and shared by many different carriers. Flights for © Copyright. All rights reserved. 61 Unit 4: Advanced Transportation Network air transportation and vessel voyages for ocean are examples of carrier schedules. Carrier schedules can also be truck schedules. Location and time information is relevant to a schedule. For example, the planner asks the following questions: When and from where does the plane depart? When do you have to be there to board it? When will it arrive? Which carrier is responsible for the transportation? What can be transported? Carrier schedules do not just have a start and end destination; they can have multiple stops, which is common for air transportation. Carrier schedules can be executed by different carriers on different stages using a connection schedule. It is possible to use a multi-stop carrier schedule in any sequential location combination, so it is not required to start at the first and leave at the last location. Schedules can be created manually in SAP TM and uploaded from an external source. You can also upload schedules from an external data source to SAP TM by calling function module /SCMTMS/BAPI_SCHEDULE_SAVEMULT. This function is available for the sea, air, and road transportation modes. Alternatively, you can upload schedules for the air transportation mode in a spreadsheet or CSV format to SAP TM by executing report / SCMTMS/SCH_UPLOAD. For more information, see the system documentation. You can delete schedules created manually and upload by calling function module / SCMTMS/BAPI_SCHEDULE_DELMULTI or by executing report /SCMTMS/SCH_DELETION. Schedule Types Figure 37: Overview of Schedules 62 © Copyright. All rights reserved.  Lesson: Defining Carrier Schedules SAP TM allows businesses to create different schedule types to handle the multiple shipping scenarios they may encounter. Schedules can be maintained for each business partner or carrier, and can identify different loading and unloading points, such as ports and airports. If you have reappearing transportation traffic in your transportation network scenario, you can use the schedules functionality. A combination of transportation mode, gateway container freight stations (CFS), direct, and reference fields define the type of schedule. A gateway schedule includes two gateway locations. In ocean scenarios, the locations could be the CFS-locations. In air scenarios, the locations can be the gateway locations. Gateway Schedules: Subcategories The following are the subcategories in gateway schedules: Direct The schedule goes from A to B without changing the mode of transport. For example, GW Nurnberg to GW Hamburg via truck. Indirect The schedule goes from A to B but the mode of transport changes. For example, GW Hamburg to GW Cape Town via truck and ocean. Air and Ocean Scenarios: Subcategories The following are the subcategories in ocean and air scenarios: Sailing schedules with vessel information Master flight schedules with aircraft information Carrier schedules describe a sequence of transportation stops where the start location and the target stop are not gateways. A gateway is a transportation hub where freight is consolidated and deconsolidated. Carrier Schedules In the standard SAP TM delivery, the following carrier schedules are supplied: Ocean Carrier Schedule Use the ocean carrier schedule to define a standard sequence of transportation stops that are served by a ship. By specifying departure rules, you can generate voyages automatically. Carrier Flight Schedule Use the carrier flight schedule to define a standard sequence of transportation stops that are served by a plane. By specifying departure rules, you can generate flights automatically. Road Schedule Use the road schedule to define a standard sequence of transportation stops that are served by a truck. Schedule Capacities In the schedule type, you can define if the schedule has the following items assigned to it: Limited capacities Transportation costs © Copyright. All rights reserved. 63 Unit 4: Advanced Transportation Network Departure Calendar By specifying departure rules in carrier schedules, you can generate voyages, flights, and departures automatically. The system calculates the arrival and departure dates and times at each transportation stop in the sequence, taking into account the transit duration, cut-off times, and availability of the goods for each stop. You can then modify each generated voyage individually. You can define the following durations and times for each stop: Transit duration Length of stay Cargo cut-off time Availability time You can generate concrete departures from your departur