The Self as Cognitive Construct PDF

THE SELF AS COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT Course: GE 101: Understanding the Self Professor: Mr. Christian Paul P. Ramos Date: October 14-18 2024 Kamusta ka? Tara! Usap muna tayo? What is the self? ◦ It is the sense of personal identity and of who we are as individu...

THE SELF AS COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT Course: GE 101: Understanding the Self Professor: Mr. Christian Paul P. Ramos Date: October 14-18 2024 Kamusta ka? Tara! Usap muna tayo? What is the self? ◦ It is the sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals. William James Founder of functionalism. He was one of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized the self as having two aspects – the "I" and the "me". ◦ The "I" is the thinking, acting, and feeling self. ◦ The "me" is the physical characteristics and psychological capabilities that makes who you are.  Carl Rogers Founder of client-centered therapy. His therapy aimed to make the person achieve balance between their self- concept (real-self) and ideal self. The real self refers to the attributes that an individual is aware of. Meanwhile, the ideal self refers to the self that we wish to be. A wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept indicates incongruence and an unhealthy personality.  Sigmund Freud The Father and Founder of Psychoanalysis. The unconscious self serves as the repository of past experiences, repressed memories, fantasies, and urges. The three levels of the mind: Id (pleasure principle), Ego (reality principle) and the Superego (moral principle). The motivation for behavior is sex (eros) and aggression (thanatos). The energy of eros is called libido and such includes urges necessary for survival like thirst, hunger, and sex. Meanwhile, thanatos is directed towards destruction in the form of aggression and violence. George Mead Theory of Symbolic Interactionism – the self is created and developed through human interaction. Society helped in creating the foundations of who we are. We need others to affirm and reinforce who we think we are.  Self-evaluation Maintenance Theory – we can feel threatened Abraham Tesser when someone out-performs us, especially when that person is close to us.  Leon Festinger Social Comparison Theory – we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves with other people. Social comparison affects our self-esteem (Downward vs. Upward Social Comparison)  Known for his theory of social learning by means of modeling. Famous for his proposed concept of self-efficacy. Albert Bandura The Social Cognitive Theory asserts that a person is both proactive and agentic, which means that we have the capacity to exercise control over our life. This theory emphasized that human beings are proactive, self-regulating, self-reflective, and self-organizing. He believes that through our agency we humans are perceived as proactive agents of experiences. Through this agents or agency we humans play a big role in our self-development, adaptation and self- renewal. We humans plan things intentionally or we do things intentionally, with doing this we wait for possible outcomes. We make our plans, actions and decision with the basis of our intention in life. Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave. A strong sense of efficacy enhances human accomplishment and personal well-being in many ways. References: Alata, EJ., Caslib, BN., Serafica, JP., and Pawilen, RA (2018). Understanding the Self. Rex Book Store. 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila Amelda, Patricia (2017) Psych Nuggets: Review for Psychology. RGO Review for Psychology https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html. Accessed on September 14, 2021 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud/Toward-a-general-theory. Accessed on September 14, 2021 https://thealywayfaring.wordpress.com/2018/10/31/the-self-as-proactive-and- agentic/. Accessed on September 14, 2021 ACTIVITY Research and list 5 things to boost your self-esteem (Cite your sources). Choose 2 things that you believe will work for you. Explain each. – MUST BE 1 PAGE ONLY.