Techno-Prelims Exam Reviewer PDF

TEAM CREATIVITY REPORT 1: ⎯ This involved collaboration among people. Think about a team brainstorming session CREATIVITY AND where multiple...

TEAM CREATIVITY REPORT 1: ⎯ This involved collaboration among people. Think about a team brainstorming session CREATIVITY AND where multiple people contribute ideas to develop a marketing campaign. INNOVATION ⎯ For example, in a marketing team’s brainstorming session, members from design, strategy, and communications share their CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION perspectives. By combining their diverse ideas, CREATIVITY they develop a more innovative and effective advertising campaign. ⎯ The ability to generate new ideas, solutions and unique concepts that haven’t been ORGANIZATIONAL CREATIVITY explored yet. ⎯ This is about a company’s overall ability to ⎯ Enables entrepreneurs to differentiate their create and maintain an environment that business from competitors. fosters creativity and innovation. This approach not only boosts individual creativity INNOVATION but also leads to significant innovations in its ⎯ The ability to apply creative ideas and turning products and services, demonstrating how a them into viable business models, products or conductive environment can drive services in the marketplace. organizational success. ⎯ Improve business operations, products and ⎯ For example, Google promotes a creative services, and customer experience. atmosphere through flexible workspaces and a supportive culture that encourages CREATIVITY VS. INNOVATION employees to explore new ideas. CREATIVITY ⎯ Idea generation and thinking outside the box. TYPES OF INNOVATION ⎯ Thinking of a cool new smartphone design. 1. PRODUCT INNOVATION INNOVATION 2. PROCESS INNOVATION ⎯ Bringing creative ideas into reality. 3. BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION ⎯ Actually, building and selling that new 4. SERVICE INNOVATION smartphone design. 5. ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION 3 LEVELS OF CREATIVITY 6. MARKETING INNOVATION 1. INDIVIDUAL CREATIVITY 7. SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATION 2. TEAM CREATIVITY 8. SOCIAL INNOVATION 3. ORAGANIZATIONAL CREATIVITY PRODUCT INNOVATION INDIVIDUAL CREATIVITY ⎯ This is when a company creates or improves its products. For example, a phone ⎯ This refers to an individual’s ability to generate manufacturer introducing a new smartphone new and creative ideas. It involves thinking model with advanced features. outside the box and coming up with 1) Electric vehicles (EVs) with extended innovative solutions or concepts. battery life ⎯ For example, a graphic designer who creates a 2) Smart home devices integrating voice unique and original logo for a brand is using commands their personal creativity to meet the client’s 3) Self-cleaning fabric technology in need while standing out in the market. clothing PROCESS INNOVATION 2) Interactive advertising through ⎯ This refers to changes in how a product is augmented reality (AR) made or delivered. For instance, a factory that 3) Personalized email campaigns using adopts automation to reduce production time AI and costs is innovating its processes. SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATION 1) Adopting lean manufacturing ⎯ This involves improving services to meet techniques customer needs and enhance their 2) Utilizing blockchain for supply chain experience. It focuses on delivering intangible transparency benefits through better processes and 3) Implementing remote work systems interactions. company-wide 1) Solar-powered homes and offices BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION 2) Energy-efficient production ⎯ This is when a company changes its core technologies business strategy. For example, a software 3) Zero-waste packaging solutions company switching from selling licenses to SOCIAL INNOVATION offering a subscription service is innovating its ⎯ This refers to creating new solutions to business model. improve well being and address social 1) Freemium model for software challenges. It focuses on areas like education, products healthcare, and sustainability. 2) Offering pay-per-use for cloud storage 1) Crowdfunding platforms for social 3) Renting instead of selling consumer causes goods 2) Online education for underprivileged SERVICE INNOVATION communities ⎯ This focuses on improving or creating new 3) Microfinance programs for small services to enhance customer experience or businesses in developing countries satisfaction. For instance, a bank introducing online chat support or a personalized financial planning service is engaging in service innovation. “REPORT 1 — END” 1) Customizable online banking solutions 2) Offering contactless deliveries 3) Subscription-based health coaching services ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION ⎯ This refers to changes in a company’s structure, culture, or management processes to improve performance and efficiency. 1) Implementing cross functional teams 2) Flexible work hours and remote work policies 3) Employee-driven decisionmaking structures MARKETING INNOVATION ⎯ This involves new ways to promote products. An example is using social media influencers to reach audiences more effectively than traditional advertising methods. 1) Leveraging influencers for product launches  INNOVATION AS MATHEMATICAL REPORT 2: EQUATION MANAGEMENT OF ⎯ Innovation is a very complex and risky process. ⎯ Creativity refers to the production of novel INNOVATION and useful ideas, and innovation is the successful implementation of these ideas INNOVATION within an organization. ⎯ Innovation can be simply defined as a "new “Innovation = Creativity * Risk Taking” idea, creative thoughts, and new imaginations in form of device or method". GOALS OF INNOVATION ⎯ In business, innovation often results when ideas are applied by the company in order to MANAGEMENT further satisfy the needs and expectations of 1. FOSTERING CREATIVITY AND NEW the customers. IDEAS ⎯ Managing innovation involves systematically guiding the process of developing and 2. EFFICIENT IDEA IMPLEMENTATION introducing new products, services, or ideas 3. PROMOTING COLLABORATION within an organization. 4. MANAGING RISKS ⎯ Creativity is the basis of innovation 5. ALIGNING INNOVATION WITH management; the end goal is a change in services or business process. BUSINESS STRATEGY 6. ENCOURAGING A LEARNING CULTURE INNOVATIVE IDEAS ARE THE RESULT 7. UTILIZING EXTERNAL RESOURCE OF TWO CONSECUTIVE STEPS, IMITATION AND INVENTION FOSTERING CREATIVITY AND NEW IDEAS 1. INVENTION ⎯ employees feel empowered to generate and share new ideas. 2. IMITATION 3. INNOVATION EFFICIENT IDEA IMPLEMENTATION ⎯ Involves research, prototyping, and testing. INVENTION PROMOTING COLLABORATION ⎯ Is the creation of something completely new ⎯ collaboration across departments and teams. that has never existed before. MANAGING RISKS IMITATION ⎯ encouraging innovation often means taking ⎯ is the act of copying or adapting an existing risks. product, service, or process that was invented ALIGNING INNOVATION WITH BUSINESS or innovated by others. STRATEGY INNOVATION ⎯ innovation efforts must align with the ⎯ refers to the process of improving or company’s broader business goals. transforming existing ideas, products, or services, or applying new ideas in a way that ENCOURAGING A LEARNING CULTURE adds value. ⎯ where failure is seen as part of the innovation process. UTILIZING EXTERNAL RESOURCE ⎯ involves integrating external knowledge. INNOVATION PROCESS everything that is needed to develop and utilize or produce the innovative idea. STEP 1: IDEA GENERATION STEP 2: ADVOCACY AND SCREENING CUSTOMER VALUE STEP 3: EXPERIMENTATION ⎯ Customer Value is best defined as how much a STEP 4: COMMERCIALISATION product or service is worth to a customer. It’s a measure of all the costs and benefits STEP 5: DIFFUSION AND IMPLEMENTATION associated with a product or service. STEP 1: IDEA GENERATION HOW CUSTOMER VALUE IS CREATED ⎯ It is where you decide on the concept that you ⎯ Customer value isn’t only about money. It’s want to develop and come up with reasons typically created through the solution that a why you want to improve the idea. product or service provides, not only to the ⎯ There are five places where you can draw buyer but to their organization as well. Keep ideas for your innovation: in mind that customer value is subjective. 1) Customer Innovation Price is universal—it will cost every customer 2) Employee Innovation the same amount to purchase your product or 3) Public Innovation service. But the value will be different for 4) Partner/Supplier Innovation every buyer because it involves so many 5) Competitor Innovation variables. STEP 2: ADVOCACY AND SCREENING HOW TO DETERMINE CUSTOMER ⎯ Not every idea that is generated is worth implementing, for that reason; you must VALUE screen all the ideas presented. 1. TOTAL CUSTOMER VALUE ⎯ For a company that wants to instill an 2. TOTAL CUSTOMER COST innovation culture, you should take three steps at this stage; ⎯ Ensure the evaluation and screening TOTAL CUSTOMER VALUE process takes place in a transparent ⎯ This refers to the overall benefits a customer way. receives from a product or service. It includes: 1) Product Value: How well the product STEP 3: EXPERIMENTATION meets customer needs. ⎯ At this stage, the idea is tested using a pilot 2) Service Value: The level of support test. and service provided ⎯ The aim is to test if the idea is ideal and 3) Brand Reputation: The trust and suitable for the company at a particular time. recognition associated with the brand. 4) Emotional Benefits: The feelings or STEP 4: COMMERCIALISATION experiences associated with using the ⎯ The major work at this stage is to persuade product. your target audience that the innovation is good for them. ⎯ Commercialization is a critical phase where a company's innovation meets market reality. It involves strategic planning, market understanding, operational scaling, and continuous refinement. STEP 5: DIFFUSION AND IMPLEMENTATION ⎯ Diffusion and implementation are two different stages ⎯ Diffusion is where the company accepts the innovation and implementation is setting up TOTAL CUSTOMER COST ASSETS ⎯ This encompasses all the costs associated with ⎯ The things the company owns, like buildings, acquiring and using a product or service, equipment, and inventory. including: 1) Monetary Costs: The price paid for the GROWTH POTENTIAL product or service. ⎯ The company’s ability to grow and succeed in 2) Time Costs: The time spent the future. researching, purchasing, and using the product. IMPORTANCE OF COMPANY VALUE 3) Energy Costs: The effort involved in ⎯ A high company value can attract investors using or maintaining the product. and partners who want to support a 4) Psychological Costs: Any stress or successful business. Understanding this value anxiety related to the purchase or use helps technopreneurs make strategic decisions that ensure long-term sustainability IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING and growth. Additionally, focusing on company value can lead to better resource CUSTOMER VALUE management and operational practices, ⎯ Understanding customer value helps enhancing overall efficiency within the technopreneurs create products that appeal organization. to their target audience. When they focus on customer value, it leads to better experiences for users, making customers more loyal and CUSTOMER VALUE & COMPANY likely to recommend the products. Also, VALUE getting feedback from customers is important ⎯ When a company delivers great Customer for improving products and staying Value, it increases its Company Value through competitive. higher sales and customer loyalty. Conversely, a strong Company Value allows the company COMPANY VALUES to invest in better products and services, ⎯ Company rules refer to the overall worth of a which enhances Customer Value. In simple business, which encompasses its financial terms, happy customers boost the company's performance, brand equity, market position, worth, and a successful company can create and potential for growth. It includes various even happier customers. factors like: HOW TO DETERMINE COMPANY “REPORT 2 — END” VALUE 1. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 2. BRAND STRENGTH 3. ASSETS 4. GROWTH POTENTIAL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ⎯ How much money the company makes and how profitable it is. BRAND STRENGTH ⎯ How well-known and trusted the company is among customers.  CROWDSOURCING PLATFORMS REPORT 3: ⎯ Leverage the collective efforts of a large group of people to gather information, or generate FROM IDEA TO ideas. TURNING IDEAS INTO INNOVATIONS BUSINESS ⎯ HOW TO TURN AN IDEA INTO AN COMBINEINNOVATION? USING TECHNOLOGICAL CREATIVITY ⎯ S.C.A.M.P.E.R. TECHNIQUE: IN IDEA GENERATION ⎯ S UBSTITUE 1. TECHNOLOGICAL CREATIVITY ⎯ C OMBINE 2. IDEA GENERATION ⎯ A DAPT ⎯ M ODIFY TECHNOLOGICAL CREATIVITY ⎯ refers to the ability to generate new ideas, ⎯ P UT TO ANOTHER USERE solutions, or products using technology as a ⎯ E LIMINATE medium or tool. ⎯ R EARRANGE IDEA GENERATION ⎯ is the process of creating, developing, and SUBSTITUTE (WHAT CAN BE REPLACED) communicating new concepts or solutions. ⎯ This element encourages you to identify parts of the product or process that can be replaced HOW TECHNOLOGICAL CREATIVITY with alternatives. CAN BE USE IN IDEA GENERATION? ⎯ Example: Using biodegradable packaging ⎯ Technological creativity can enhance idea instead of plastic to appeal to environmentally generation by integrating advanced tools and conscious consumers. methodologies. COMBINE (WHAT CAN BE COMBINED) ⎯ Combining two or more ideas or products can EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL lead to unique innovations. CREATIVITY IN IDEA GENERATION ⎯ Example: Merging features of a smartphone with wearable technology to create a new 1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE smart device. 2. ONLINE SURVEYS AND POLLS ADAPT (WHAT CAN BE ADDED) 3. PROTOTYPING TOOLS ⎯ Adaptation involves modifying an existing idea 4. CROWDSOURCING PLATFORMS to meet new requirements or circumstances. ⎯ Example: Taking a popular food delivery app and adapting it for grocery shopping. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ⎯ Used for generating insights and suggestions MODIFY (WHAT CAN BE MODIFIED) based on data. ⎯ This component focuses on altering aspects of the idea to improve its effectiveness. ONLINE SURVEYS AND POLLS ⎯ Example: Changing the design of a product to ⎯ Utilize to gather insights from customers enhance user accessibility and comfort. about potential ideas and improvements. PROTOTYPING TOOLS ⎯ Rapid prototyping of product ideas to gather feedback quickly. PUT TO ANOTHER USE (PUT THE PRODUCT TO CASE STUDY: DEVELOPING A NEW A DIFFERENT USE) BEVERAGE ⎯ This involves finding new applications for existing products or ideas. ⎯ IDEA: CREATE A NEW HEALTH-FOCUSED ⎯ Example: Using a cleaning product originally BEVERAGE BY S.C.A.M.P.E.R. designed for homes in commercial settings. TECHNIQUE ELIMINATE (WHAT CAN BE REMOVED) S UBSTITUE: ⎯ Simplifying an idea by removing unnecessary ⎯ Replace sugar with natural sweeteners. components can enhance user experience. C OMBINE: ⎯ Example: Streamlining a software application ⎯ Blend tea with fruit juice for unique flavors. to focus on core functionalities, improving usability. A DAPT: ⎯ Modify a popular energy drink to include REARREANGE (WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU healthier ingredients. REVERESED THE PRODUCT’S PRODUCTION PROCESS) M ODIFY: ⎯ Rearranging or reversing elements can lead to ⎯ Use eco-friendly packaging. innovative processes or concepts. ⎯ Example: Changing the sequence of P UT TO ANOTHER USE: operations in a manufacturing process to ⎯ Position the beverage as a mixer for cocktails. increase efficiency. E LIMINATE: ⎯ Remove artificial preservatives to enhance APPLICATION OF S.C.A.M.P.E.R. appeal. 1. IDENTIFY THE IDEA R EARRANGE: 2. BRAINSTORMING USING S.C.A.M.P.E.R. ⎯ Adjust ingredient order for optimal taste. 3. EVALUATE IDEAS 4. PROTOTYPE TRANSFORMING INNOVATIONS INTO 5. TEST AND ITERATE FUNCTIONAL DESIGNS / PROTOTYPES ⎯ Transforming innovations into functional designs or prototypes refers to the process of IDENTIFY THE IDEA taking new ideas and developing them into a ⎯ Begin by selecting a specific concept or tangible, workable model. product that requires innovation. STEPS: BRAINSTORM USING S.C.A.M.P.E.R. ⎯ Utilize each element of S.C.A.M.P.E.R. to 1. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT generate new ideas. 2. SKETCHING AND MODELING 3. SELECTING MATERIALS EVALUATE IDEAS ⎯ Review the ideas generated for feasibility, 4. BUILDING PROTOTYPES market relevance, and potential impact. 5. TESTING AND FEEDBACK PROTOTYPE 6. ITERATION ⎯ Create a prototype or outline of the selected 7. FINALIZATION idea to visualize its potential. TEST AND ITERATE CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT ⎯ Gather feedback on your prototype and make ⎯ Clearly define the innovation's purpose and necessary adjustments. Continue to refine the target audience. innovation based on user input and market trends. SKETCHING & MODELING ⎯ Create initial sketches and digital models to visualize the design. SELECTING MATERIALS ⎯ Choose appropriate materials based on functionality, aesthetics, and cost. BUILDING PROTOTYPES ⎯ Use tools like 3D printing or handcrafting to create a working model of the design. TESTING & FEEDBACK ⎯ Conduct usability tests to gather user feedback and identify issues. ITERATION ⎯ Refine the design based on feedback and re- prototype as necessary. FINALIZATION ⎯ Prepare the design for production, ensuring it meets all functional and aesthetic requirements. CONCLUSION ⎯ Technology plays a key role in turning ideas into groundbreaking innovations. We can transform simple ideas into successful products or businesses by focusing on problem-solving, using creativity, and continuously seeking feedback and testing. The journey from concept to innovation requires persistence and adaptability, but we can create meaningful solutions that lead to real-world advancements through improvement. Embracing the process of turning ideas into reality is essential for making a lasting impact in today’s world. “REPORT 3 — END”  FOSTERS COLLABORATION AND TEAM REPORT 4: BUILDING ⎯ Brainstorming is not only good for problem- IDEATION TOOLS AND solving. It also allows employees and team members to understand how the people TECHNIQUES around them think. It helps the team get to know each other’s strengths and weaknesses and helps build a more inclusive and close- BRAINSTORMING knit workforce. ⎯ Brainstorming is a creative thinking technique for coming up with new ideas and solving INTRODUCES MANY IDEAS QUICKLY problems. Teams use this ideation method to ⎯ The beauty of brainstorming is that it encourage new ways of thinking and encourages teams to come up with many collectively generate solutions. ideas in a relatively short period of time. Ideas ⎯ Brainstorming encourages free thinking and are thrown around and every train of thought allows for all ideas to be voiced without is documented. Different perspectives give judgment, fostering an open and innovative different answers, and sifting through a few environment. This process typically involves a good answers in quick succession may lead to group of people, although it can be done the perfect solution in no time. individually as well. SCAMPER METHOD WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ⎯ The S.C.A.M.P.E.R. method is a structured tool used to initiate the creative process. It BRAINSTORMING emphasizes altering familiar concepts or ⎯ The primary purpose of a brainstorming materials to create something new. session is to generate and document many S.C.A.M.P.E.R. is a tool that can be used t ideas, no matter how "out there" they might garner effective creative thinking, It is based seem. Through this lateral thinking process, on the premise that what is originality is born inventive ideas are suggested, which sparks from slight modifications and alterations to creative solutions. By encouraging everyone what already exists. In other words, to be to think more freely and not be afraid to share creative, we just need to look at the ‘old’ and their ideas, teams can build on each other's think about it in new ways. thoughts to find the best possible solution to a problem. ⎯ S.C.A.M.P.E.R. TECHNIQUE: ⎯ S UBSTITUE BENEFITS OF BRAINSTORMING ⎯ C OMBINE 1. ENCOURAGES CREATIVITY ⎯ A DAPT 2. FOSTERS COLLABORATION AND TEAM ⎯ M ODIFY BUILDING ⎯ P UT TO ANOTHER USERE 3. INTRODUCES MANY IDEAS QUICKLY ⎯ E LIMINATE ⎯ R EARRANGE ENCOURAGES CREATIVITY ⎯ Brainstorming sessions are meant to feel safe and confident enough to speak their minds. LATERAL THINKING There will be some good and some bad ideas, ⎯ Lateral thinking is problem-solving approach but this doesn’t matter as long as the final that encourages looking beyond traditional outcome is one that can solve the problem. methods and established patterns, promoting This kind of free-thinking environment, along creative thinking and unexpected solutions in with a few essential brainstorming rules, various context, including technology and encourage creativity in the workplace. entrepreneurship. LATERAL THINKING TECHNIQUES ATTRIBUTE LISTING 1. RANDOM INPUT ⎯ Is a creative technique that can assist you to 2. REVERSAL expand and diversify your product and service range. 3. PROVOCATION ⎯ Enable you to generate new ideas for products, services and strategies. RANDOM INPUT ⎯ Attribute listing was pioneered in 1931 by ⎯ Introduce unrelated elements to spark new Robert Platt Crawford in his course on ideas. creative thinking. ⎯ Example: Combining AI with traditional ATTRIBUTES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO industries to create hybrid solutions. SUBCATEGORIES REVERSAL 1. PHYSICAL ATRIBUTES ⎯ Flip assumptions to explore alternative 2. PRICE ATTRIBUTES outcomes. ⎯ Example: Instead of improving existing tech, 3. PROCESS ATTRIBUTES think about simplifying it for a new audience. 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES PROVOCATION 5. SOCIAL ATTRIBUTES ⎯ Challenge existing beliefs to encourage radical innovation PHYSICAL ATRIBUTES ⎯ Example: “What if cars didn’t need human ⎯ Shape, form, color, texture, structure, sound, drivers?” led to autonomous vehicles. taste, odor, space, density, location. SIX THINKING HATS PRICE ATTRIBUTES ⎯ Production cost, consumer price, consumer 1. WHITE HAT acquisition cost, manufacturing cost and sunk 2. RED HAT cost. 3. BLACK HAT PROCESS ATTRIBUTES 4. YELLOW HAT ⎯ Selling, marketing, production, manufacturing, 5. GREEN HAT designing. 6. BLUE HAT PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES ⎯ Needs, motivations, positive and negative WHITE HAT emotions. ⎯ Focus on data. SOCIAL ATTRIBUTES RED HAT ⎯ Responsibilities, taboos, power, ecological. ⎯ Tap into emotions. 6 STEPS USING ATTRIBUTE LISTING BLACK HAT ⎯ Identify risks. TECHNIQUE STEP 1: YELLOW HAT ⎯ Identify the object or concept you want to ⎯ Focus on the positive outcomes. brainstorm ideas for. GREEN HAT STEP 2: ⎯ Explore creativity and new ideas. ⎯ Make a list of attributes or characteristics for that object or concept. BLUE HAT ⎯ Process control and organization. STEP 3: SECONDARY BRANCHES: ⎯ Start thinking about how the concept could be ⎯ Sub-topics fall under each primary branch. combined to create new and innovative idea. 1) UNDER RESOURCES STEP 4: − TOOLS ⎯ Continue brainstorming until you have a long list of potential ideas. − COSTS 2) UNDER TIMELINE STEP 5: ⎯ If you’re having trouble coming up with − DEADLINE attributes for your object or concept, try − MILESTONE looking at similar objects or concepts and 3) UNDER STRATEGIES seeing what attributes they have. − ACTION PLANS STEP 6: − ADAPTATION ⎯ Remember that there are no wrong answers 4) UNDER GOALS when it comes to brainstorming. The goal is simply to generate as many ideas as possible − SHORT TERM so that you can find the best solution for your − LONG TERM challenge. 5) UNDER CHALLENGES MIND MAP − POTENTIAL RISK ⎯ Mind maps are simple yet powerful diagrams − SOLUTION for quickly jotting down your ideas and expanding on them. MIND MAP BRANCHES (DEFINITION) ⎯ A useful technique that supports learning, improves information recording, shows how RESOURCES different facts and ideas are related, and ⎯ A materials, people, or information needed to enhances creative problem solving. accomplish a task. MIND MAP STRUCTURE: UNDER RESOURCES: 1. CENTRAL IDEA TOOLS ⎯ An object or method used to perform a task, 2. MAIN BRANCHES solve a problem, or achieve a specific result. 3. SECONDARY BRANCHES COST ⎯ An amount of money, time, or effort required CENTRAL IDEA: to obtain something. ⎯ The main topic or theme MAIN BRANCHES: TIMELINE ⎯ Main categories related to the central idea ⎯ A representation showing a sequence of 1) RESOURCES events over a specific period 2) TIMELINE UNDER TIMELINE: 3) STRATEGIES DEADLINE 4) GOALS ⎯ Time or date by which something should be 5) CHALLENGES completed. MILESTONE ⎯ An action or event marking a significant change or stage in development. STRATEGIES ⎯ A plan designed to achieve a major or overall aim. UNDER STRATEGIES: ACTION PLANS ⎯ A detailed outline that specifies the steps needed to achieve a goal. ADAPTATION ⎯ The process of adjusting to new conditions or environments to survive or thrive. GOALS ⎯ A desired result or outcome that a person or group aims to achieve through effort and planning. UNDER GOALS: SHORT TERM ⎯ A target you want to achieve in the near future, typically within a few days, weeks, or months. LONG TERM ⎯ A goal you aim to achieve over an extended period, usually several years or more. CHALLENGES ⎯ An obstacle or difficulties that make it harder to achieve a goal or complete a task. UNDER CHALLENGES: POTENTIAL RISK ⎯ A minor or major consequence that may affect or hinder you achieving your goal. SOLUTION ⎯ An action or event marking a significant change or stage in development. “REPORT 4 — END”