Rainbow Trout Life Cycle - PDF

# tactiq.io free youtube transcript # Living Life as a Rainbow Trout - How Trout Grow # https://www.youtube.com/watch/6MnDIDj0nmo 00:00:00.000 Hello everybody! Welcome back for another fun science lesson provided by the Naturalist   00:00:04.560 Educators at Truckee Meadows Parks Foundation. Today,...

# tactiq.io free youtube transcript # Living Life as a Rainbow Trout - How Trout Grow # https://www.youtube.com/watch/6MnDIDj0nmo 00:00:00.000 Hello everybody! Welcome back for another fun science lesson provided by the Naturalist   00:00:04.560 Educators at Truckee Meadows Parks Foundation. Today, we're gonna be talking about the life cycle   00:00:09.570 of rainbow trout. Before we get started learning about the life cycle of the rainbow trout,   00:00:15.150 let's first cover the basics. First of all the study of fish is called ichthyology;   00:00:20.010 therefore, someone that studies fish is called an ichthyologist. Scientists like to classify things   00:00:28.350 using the following pyramid. Trout are part of the family Salmonidaes, which also includes salmon,   00:00:36.150 chars, fresh water whitefish, and graylings. So what exactly are trout? Trout are a group of many   00:00:45.120 species of fish that usually live their lives in freshwater lakes and streams. Trout are important   00:00:51.840 ecologically as a food source for birds of prey, bears, bigger fish, and even humans. In fact the   00:00:59.970 Nevada Department of Wildlife releases sterile Rainbow Trout, meaning they can't have babies,   00:01:05.069 to teach communities about trout, and for recreational purposes like fishing.   00:01:11.160 There are many different kinds of trout in the world. The Lahontan Cutthroat Trout is native to Nevada   00:01:16.860 and is the Nevada state fish. The Lahontan Cutthroat Trout is threatened; however,   00:01:22.080 work is being done to restore their population in Nevada. We can distinguish the different species   00:01:27.900 of trout by looking at the colors, stripes, head and body shape, and their spot pattern in color.   00:01:34.590 Rainbow Trout, specifically, are torpedo-shaped and tend to be blue-green or yellow-green in   00:01:41.400 color. They also have a pink stripe along their sides, a white underbelly, and small black dots   00:01:49.050 on their back and fins. Rainbow Trout can live up to 12 years; but on average, they live about   00:01:55.440 4 to 6 years. The Rainbow Trout is native to the rivers and lakes of North America, west of the   00:02:02.940 Rocky Mountains specifically. However, they have been introduced to many parts of the United States   00:02:08.280 for fishing and recreation. In Nevada, the Nevada Department of Wildlife specifically releases   00:02:14.730 sterile trout because Rainbow Trout are not native to Nevada, meaning they are not from here. They do   00:02:20.430 this so that rainbow trout cannot out-compete and diminish native fish populations, such as   00:02:25.740 the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout. Now that you have a bit of background on Rainbow Trout, let's get   00:02:31.680 into their lifecycle. In the beginning, a female trout will dig a nest or a redd in the gravel to lay   00:02:38.100 her eggs. The male trout will then release milt over her eggs to fertilize her eggs. Due to their   00:02:44.400 ability to camouflage as gravel, the trout parents leave their eggs to develop on their own. All   00:02:50.370 rainbow trout start out as eggs. Trout eggs have black eyes and a central line that show healthy   00:02:55.740 development. Depending on water temperature, the eggs can take between 20 to 100 days to hatch. The   00:03:02.130 colder the water, the longer the eggs take to hatch. Trout eggs prefer temperatures between   00:03:07.440 50 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Once hatched, the trout have a large yolk sac used as a food   00:03:15.300 source so they don't need to be fed. During this stage they're called Alevin. Each alevin slowly   00:03:21.720 begins to develop adult trout characteristics. In order to avoid predators, they stick close to   00:03:27.780 the gravel until it buttons up or eats all of its yolk sack. This stage usually lasts   00:03:32.940 between two and three weeks. Buttoning up occurs when Alvin absorbed their yolk sock and begin to   00:03:39.180 feed on zooplankton. At this stage, the trout are called fry. Fry swim close to the water surface,   00:03:45.420 allowing their swim bladder to fill with air which also helps them float through the water. They stay   00:03:51.540 in this stage for about two weeks. When a frog grows to 2 to 5 inches, it becomes a fingerling.   00:03:58.590 When it starts to develop large dark markings, it then becomes a parr. At this stage, the trout like   00:04:06.330 to eat a variety of macro-invertebrates ,like mayfly and stonefly nymphs. Once a juvenile,   00:04:13.740 a trout avoids predators, including wading birds and larger fish, by hiding in underwater roots and   00:04:21.690 brush. As a juvenile, a trout resembles an adult but is smaller. During the juvenile stage, trout   00:04:28.770 are not old enough or large enough to spawn, or have babies. In the adult stage, female and male   00:04:36.840 Rainbow Trout spawn in autumn. Trout turn vibrant and color during spawning and then lay eggs and   00:04:43.680 fish nests or redds in the gravel. Adult Rainbow Trout can reach up to 20 to 30 inches in length   00:04:50.550 and weigh up to 53 pounds. Trout always return to their birthplace in order to spawn their eggs. All   00:04:58.350 trout have instinctive homing signals that occur internally when it's time for them to reproduce.   00:05:03.960 Rainbow Trout usually make this trek when they are about three or four years old. Their long   00:05:10.380 journey back upstream takes a lot of energy and is also very risky. They must overcome many obstacles   00:05:17.160 including dams and waterfalls. Trout must also evade predators, such as bears, raptors, otters,   00:05:25.230 larger fish, and humans. Additionally, trout must overcome human impacts on their habitat,   00:05:31.290 such as pollution. Weather patterns can also affect the trout's journey upstream. For example,   00:05:37.680 extreme droughts can leave water levels too low to spawn, and high waters from high snowfall   00:05:43.680 or rain can decrease fertilization rates. For these reasons, only about five to ten percent   00:05:50.670 of Rainbow Trout will make it through the early stages of life and the journey upstream to spawn.   00:05:56.460 Rainbow Trout are iteroparous, meaning they can spawn more than once. Salmon on the other hand   00:06:03.630 are semelparous, meaning they spawn once and then they die. So once trout make it back upstream to   00:06:10.860 their birthplace, the life cycle of the Rainbow Trout repeats itself. Thanks for tuning in to   00:06:16.140 another Truckee Meadows Parks Foundation science lesson. We hope you had fun learning about the   00:06:21.120 Rainbow Trout lifecycle. To keep up with the latest Truckee Meadows Parks Foundation news,   00:06:26.130 follow us on Facebook at Truckee Meadows Parks Foundation or Instagram @tmparksfoundation. Have   00:06:32.250 ideas for other scientific topics you would like to learn more about? Leave a comment   00:06:36.600 in the comment section below with your ideas! Until next time, don't forget to be a steward.