Summary Periodic Table Till Stopped PDF

10/6/24, 12:53 PM Pages from Booklet_a6392d3e261a6fd26356fca8295eea18 ready.pdf - Scholarly Outline of the Document 1. Subatomic Particles 1.1 Charge and Mass of Subatomic Particles 1.2 Mass Concentration in Atoms 1.3 Chemical Symbols 2. Fertilizers...

10/6/24, 12:53 PM Pages from Booklet_a6392d3e261a6fd26356fca8295eea18 ready.pdf - Scholarly Outline of the Document 1. Subatomic Particles 1.1 Charge and Mass of Subatomic Particles 1.2 Mass Concentration in Atoms 1.3 Chemical Symbols 2. Fertilizers 2.1 Introduction to Fertilizers 2.2 NPK Fertilizer 2.3 Elements in NPK Fertilizer 3. Electronic Configuration 3.1 Energy Levels 3.2 Number of Electrons per Energy Level 3.3 Isotopes 4. The Periodic Table of Elements 4.1 Historical Development 4.1.1 Mendeleev’s Table 4.1.2 Moseley’s Table 4.1.3 Modern Periodic Table 4.2 Classification of Elements 5. Main Blocks of the Modern Periodic Table Detailed Summary https://scholarly.so/pdf/67024fc823615b659afe69f6 1/4 10/6/24, 12:53 PM Pages from Booklet_a6392d3e261a6fd26356fca8295eea18 ready.pdf - Scholarly 1. Subatomic Particles 1.1 Charge and Mass of Subatomic Particles Protons and electrons have equal magnitudes of charge, but they differ in type, with protons being positively charged and electrons negatively charged. Subatomic particle masses are measured in atomic mass units (u), where the mass of electrons is negligible compared to protons and neutrons. 1.2 Mass Concentration in Atoms The majority of an atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus, which consists of protons and neutrons. The negligible mass of electrons has little effect on atomic mass compared to nucleons. 1.3 Chemical Symbols Chemical symbols were created to represent elements efficiently, aiding their expression and manipulation in chemical equations. 2. Fertilizers 2.1 Introduction to Fertilizers Fertilizers are crucial chemical compounds used to enhance agricultural crop yields. 2.2 NPK Fertilizer NPK fertilizers are essential as they contain three main nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium – which are vital for plant health. 2.3 Elements in NPK Fertilizer Nitrogen: Promotes greenery in plant leaves. Phosphorus: Strengthens plant roots. Potassium: Critical for overall plant growth and development. 3. Electronic Configuration 3.1 Energy Levels Electrons orbit the atomic nucleus in defined energy levels represented by the letters K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q, with K being the lowest energy level and Q being the highest. 3.2 Number of Electrons per Energy Level https://scholarly.so/pdf/67024fc823615b659afe69f6 2/4 10/6/24, 12:53 PM Pages from Booklet_a6392d3e261a6fd26356fca8295eea18 ready.pdf - Scholarly Each energy level has a maximum electron capacity, calculated using the formula 2n2 , where n is the principal energy level. The numbers of electrons for the first four levels are: K (n=1): 2 electrons L (n=2): 8 electrons M (n=3): 18 electrons N (n=4): 32 electrons It is noted that the outermost energy level can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, except for the K level which holds up to 2. 3.3 Isotopes Isotopes are variations of the same element that share the same number of protons but have different neutron counts, thus varying in atomic mass. An example is hydrogen, which has three isotopes differing in neutron numbers. 4. The Periodic Table of Elements 4.1 Historical Development 4.1.1 Mendeleev’s Table Mendeleev created the first periodic table in 1869, arranging elements by increasing atomic mass, revealing periodic trends in properties. 4.1.2 Moseley’s Table Moseley refined Mendeleev’s table by ordering elements according to atomic number instead of atomic mass, based on the discovery of protons. 4.1.3 Modern Periodic Table The modern periodic table organizes elements through atomic numbers and their electronic configurations, incorporating 118 elements divided into 7 periods and 18 groups. 4.2 Classification of Elements Elements can be classified based on their physical state: Solid elements: E.g., Lithium, Sodium, Carbon Liquid elements: E.g., Mercury, Bromine Gaseous elements: E.g., Hydrogen, Nitrogen 5. Main Blocks of the Modern Periodic Table The modern periodic table features four main blocks based on electron configurations: https://scholarly.so/pdf/67024fc823615b659afe69f6 3/4 10/6/24, 12:53 PM Pages from Booklet_a6392d3e261a6fd26356fca8295eea18 ready.pdf - Scholarly s-block p-block d-block f-block The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in chemistry, focusing on atomic structure, electronic configuration, and the periodic table's development and organization https://scholarly.so/pdf/67024fc823615b659afe69f6 4/4