Summary of Report Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations PDF

To summarize report findings and execute the report through narrative and visual/graphic forms  Presentation of Data The data are usually presented in charts, tables, or figures with textual interpretation. Visuals and graphic aids are an indispensable part or a report, supplementing da...

To summarize report findings and execute the report through narrative and visual/graphic forms  Presentation of Data The data are usually presented in charts, tables, or figures with textual interpretation. Visuals and graphic aids are an indispensable part or a report, supplementing data or research findings and explaining them in ways that words cannot. The following shows the different kinds of visual tools, you can use in summarizing report findings. Visual/Graphic Tools for Summarizing Report Findings Infographics Tables Graphs Diagrams Charts (Images and Maps Text)  Table displays information in a grid – like format of rows and columns. It is widely used in communication, research, and data analysis. provides exact values and illustrates results efficiently as they enable the researcher to present a large amount of data in a small amount of space.  The title of a table is normally place on top of the table(or is the first row The top of each The row of the table). column is a headings heading that are usually identifies or written on Response Number of Respondents Percentage defines the the left (raw data) contents of the edge of the Yes 93 6.2% items under it. table. No 1, 331 88.4% Usually, it These row Don’t know 75 5% indicates a unit headings No answer 6 0.4% of measurement define or Total 1, 505 100% (such as describe percentage, the content weight in of each kilogram, or row. amount in Philippine Peso) Strategies in Preparing a Table Graphs and Charts Graphs and Charts Chart The most common types of charts are the organizational chart and the flowchart. Organizational Chart An organizational chart presents hierarchy, level or ranks. A company’s organizational chart graphically depicts the internal structure of the organization. You can also use organizational chart to visually organize data based on your report findings especially if the data shows level of relationship or hierarchy.  Company Organizational Chart President VP Marketing VP Production VP Sales Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager An organizational chart presents rankings, classification and levels of ideas. Strategies in Preparing an Organizational Chart 1. Use varied shapes carefully. Rectangles are usually used for all positions. It is usually arranged from top to bottom. 2. Connect the boxes with solid lines to show direct reporting relationships and dotted lines to show indirect or staff relationship. 3. You may design the chart creatively but avoid making it too distracting or complicated. Flowcharts Flowcharts help organize the steps, decisions or actions in a process from beginning to end. They often include at least one starting point or endpoint, displaying different flow from start to finish. Flowcharts are used to depict complex situations. They use symbols to illustrate different parts of process, and they typically include a legend to explain what each shape means. A flow chart illustrates a process or direction of steps. Start of Process STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 Is the output correct? End of Process Strategies in Preparing a Flow Chart Graphs Line Graph Line graphs illustrate how related data changes over a specific period of time. One axis might display a value, while the other axis shows the timeline. Line graphs are useful for illustrating trends such as temperature changes during certain dates. Line graphs are used to: show trends. make predictions based on a data history over time. compare two or more different variables, situations, and information over a given period of time. Line Graph 6000000 5000000 Number of Enrollees 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 1990-1991 1995-1996 2000-2001 2005-2006 2010-2011 Public Private Figure 1 Enrolment in public and private schools in the secondary level Strategies in Preparing a Line Graph Bar Graph Bar graph is the most popular type of graphs in research and other discipline like economics, statistics, and marketing. It consists of rectangular or horizontal bars that has length and height proportional to the values that they represent. One axis of the bar chart presents the categories being compared. The other axis shows a measured value. Bar graphs are used to: display data that are grouped into categories. compare data among different categories. show large data changes over time. Bar Graph ▪ 90 Number of People 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 private vehicles train(MRT/LRT) jeep/bus Figure 1 Number of people using different types of public transport Strategies in Preparing a Bar Graph 1.Limit the numbers of bars. Too many bars may create confusion and complicate the data. 2. Show the comparisons clearly. 3. Keep the bar widths consistent. 4. It is ideal to use spaces between bars. However, if comparisons are too close or too many, spaces between bars may be deleted. 5. Arrange the bars based on sequence (by year to show trends) or by ascending/descending order(to show direct comparison). 6. Use legends as much as possible.  Pie Chart Distribution of Education Expenditure Philippines: 2003 This circle graph can serve as a visual aid and additional interpretations may be added in the report to explain the results further. Source: National Statistics Office 2003 Family Income and Expenditure Survey Strategies in Preparing a Pie Graph  Analysis of Data Data analysis is the process of inspecting, rearranging, modifying and transforming data to extract useful information from it. Important Reminder! ▪ ▪ Data Analysis  Interpretation of Data The intelligence and logic of the researcher are required in this part. The analysis and interpretation will be the bases of the findings of the study. Actual Sample  CHAPTER III RESULTS, FINDINGS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter discusses the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered from the survey distributed to the fifty (50) respondents. These answers are related to the opinion and preference of the respondents regarding the food product they have tasted, and the discussion of these data is based on the arrangement of the questions from the Statement of the Problem in the first chapter. A. RESULTS AND FINDINGS 1. Profile of the respondents The table indicates... As shown in table... It can be gleaned in table... Table 8 presents...  CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS Reminder: It is important that everything in this last section is based on the results of the data analysis. Summary of Findings First, restate the overall purpose of the study. Then explain the main finding as related to the overall purpose of the study. Next, summarize other interesting findings from the results section. Explain how the statistical findings relate to the purpose of the study. Guidelines in writing the summary of findings. 1. There should be a brief statement about the main purpose of the study, the population or respondents, the period of the study, method of research used, the research instrument, and the sampling design. There should be no explanations made. Example. (Using hypothetical study of teaching science in the high schools of Province A). This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the status of teaching science in the high schools of Province A. The descriptive method of research was utilized, and the normative survey technique was used for gathering data. The questionnaire served as the instrument for collecting data. All the teachers handling science and a 20 percent representative sample of the students were the respondents. 2. No deductions, nor inference, nor interpretation should be made otherwise, it will only be duplicated in the conclusion. 3. Only the important findings, the highlights of the data, should be included in the summary, especially those upon which the conclusions should be based. 4. Findings are not explained nor elaborated upon anymore. They should be stated as concisely as possible. 5. No new data should be introduced in the summary of findings. Conclusion – answers the general statement of the problem, generalizing from all the findings yielded from the study Conclusion – is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. It is not merely a summary of your points or a re- statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key points. A well – written Conclusion includes the following: Demonstrating the importance of your ideas Introducing possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the research problems Avoid being bias and giving incorrect generalization Recommendation – provides theoretical and practical recommendations based on the findings Recommendation – the major aim is to help solve a problem ✓ suggest something for improvement or to solve a problem ✓ recommend the continuance of something good  Recommendations ✓feasible ✓attainable ✓practical ✓ address the concerned person, agency office  Key Features of Recommendations ✓Statements about what can be done differently in the field based on your findings ✓Must be evidence – based ✓Must be realistic and specific ✓Written in the discussion ✓Related to both your field and, preferably, a wider context to the research IDENTIFICATION 1. A diagram that uses symbols and arrows to visualize a process. 2. A diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. Determine the diagram which would best present the data. Determine the diagram which would best present the data. Determine the diagram which would best present the data. Homework: Provide a two to three-sentence textual interpretation based on the title and the given data. Include title for the table.(10pts.) Table 1 ____________________________ Eating Preference Number of Percentage Respondents Meat Eater 35 70% Vegetarian 10 20% Vegan 5 10% Total 50 100% Accomplish Research Tasks 1. Apply appropriate graphic for the data that you have collected in your surveys, experiments and/or interviews. 2. Summarize findings of your research. Long Test #2 1. Design survey questionnaires, experiments, observations* 2. Conduct and Gathers information from surveys, experiments, or observations* 3. Summarize report findings through narrative and graphic forms Reference ▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HU7kAttQ-dA