Cellular Injury Study Guide PDF
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Uploaded by CelebratedDogwood
Tufts University
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Summary
This document provides a study guide on cellular injury, covering various examples such as cell morphology changes, different types of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the processes involved. It is a resource for learning about pathologies and diseases related to cell damage.
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(b) Examples (a) Callus formation on skin (b) Thickened uterine wall lining due to estrogen exposure (c) Smooth muscle proliferation in various diseases (i) Tubular obstruction 1. Bronchi in obstructive airway diseases...
(b) Examples (a) Callus formation on skin (b) Thickened uterine wall lining due to estrogen exposure (c) Smooth muscle proliferation in various diseases (i) Tubular obstruction 1. Bronchi in obstructive airway diseases 2. Urethra in prostate enlargement 3. Blood vessels in hypertension iv. Metaplasia (a) Change in cell morphology an function, converting one cell type into another (b) Examples (a) Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium becomes squamous epithelium in smokers v. Dysplasia (a) Increase in cell numbers AND loss of morphology AND loss of tissue organization (a) Occurs in chronically injured areas undergoing hyperplasia/metaplasia 3. Describe the processes / consequences of irreversible cell injury i. Ultimately results in cell death (a) Apoptosis (a) Genetically mediated (b) Programmed (c) No inflammatory response (b) Necrosis (a) Active process of degrading dead cells (b) Nuclear and mitochondrial damage occurs (c) Lysosomes release digestive enzymes in cytoplasm (i) Self-digesting of dead tissue (ii) Facilitates phagocytes breaking down dead tissue (d) Contents from dead cells released into ECF and ultimately circulation (i) Example: CK elevations in myocardial infarction (e) Requires removal for repair/regeneration (f) Can cause gangrene formation (i) Bacterial infection
