Study Sheet for Test 1 (1). Advanceddocx.docx

**Study Sheet for Test \#1** **Cliché**---overused expression---"white as snow" **Parallelism**---repeating the same sentence structure **Redundan**t---unnecessary repetition (in our modern world today) **Syntax**---sentence structure **Diction**---word choice **Comma splice**---joining two se...

**Study Sheet for Test \#1** **Cliché**---overused expression---"white as snow" **Parallelism**---repeating the same sentence structure **Redundan**t---unnecessary repetition (in our modern world today) **Syntax**---sentence structure **Diction**---word choice **Comma splice**---joining two sentences with a comma only **Fused**---joining two sentences with nothing **Comma Error**---joining two sentences with a coordinating conjunction without the necessary comma **Thesis statement**---short statement---usually one sentence---that summarizes the main point or claim\ of an essay that lists the paragraph topics **Choppy**---short sentences that should be combined for smoothness **Wordy**---obviously---using too many words to express an idea---the ACT expects you to choose the least\ wordy answer (usually) **Vague pronoun reference**---pronoun doesn't have a clear antecedent (word it refers to/replaces) **Transitions**---words used to connect ideas for smoothness **Paradox**---occurs when two elements of a statement contradict each other---IDEAS---reveals a hidden truth **pun**---play on multiple meaning words or homophone pairs (weak/week) **allusion**---reference to something famous in a work of literature (mythology, Bible, Shakespeare) **oxymoron**---two opposite WORDS are placed side by side to form meaning (sweet sorrow/ government\ intelligence) **euphemism**---literary term for less direct way of saying something that might be harsh or unpleasant **alliteration**---repeating beginning sounds (tongue twisters) **idiom**---group of words that doesn't mean what it literally says (hit the road) **metaphor**---figurative comparison that does not use "like" or "as"---Pattern: Something is something. **Personification**---Giving of living characteristics to things that aren't human **Symbolism**---something concrete stands for something abstract **Motif**---repeated symbol **Archetype**---universal symbol in all cultures---all time periods (like the Hero's Journey) **Hyperbole**---exaggeration for effect---millions of people in line at the movies **Onomatopoeia**---sound of a word suggests its meaning---splat **Antithesis**---opposites---used in rhetorical analysis "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what\ you can do for your country." **Theme**---life lesson of a piece of literature---meaning **Relative pronouns**---join dependent clauses to main clauses---who, whose, whom, which, that **Subordinating conjunctions**---join dependent clauses to main clauses---because, if, since, although, unless **Coordinating conjunctions**---join equal sentence parts---and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet **Conjunctive adverbs**---however, therefore, consequently, etc.---semicolon before/comma after **Appositive**---noun that comes beside another noun and renames it---My brother, Bubba, is crazy. **Phrase**---group of words **Clause**---group of words with subject and verb **Independent clause**---can stand alone as a complete thought (sentence) **Dependent clause**---has subject and verb---but can't stand alone as a sentence **Annotation**---add notes or comments to a text to explain meaning **Claim**---what you're trying to prove **Evidence**---how you support your claim (facts, details, examples) **Commentary**---(1)explains the evidence (2) explains how the evidence supports the thesis) **Anecdote**---little story added to writing to make it more interesting **Status quo**---the way things are **Omit**---leave out \*These are literary analysis terms/archetypes: **Seven (7)**---perfect number **Garden** symbolizes paradise. **Road/River**---journey through life **Forest (wilderness**)---confusion/danger/testing **Apple**---temptation---(Adam & Eve) **Birds**---spiritual (Holy Spirit) **Water**---rebirth (baptism) **Wind**---spiritual breath of the universe **Hero's Journey**: Separation, Initiation, Discovery, Return **Rules**: Use FEWER when you can count something---LESS when you can't. EFFECT is the noun/Affect is the verb---The effects of global warming affect us all. **5 Essential Comma Spots**: (1) comma error spot (2) interrupters (3) dates, locations, titles (4) after\ an introductory phrase or clause (5) series (list) **3 Essential Semi-colon Spots** (1) with conjunctive adverb (2) to join independent clauses (3) to avoid\ comma confusion **Dates**: Columbus: 1492 Jamestown: 1607 Declaration: 1776 Civil War: 1861-65 Be sure you know how to **embed a quotation** into your writing. O'Brien says about his decision not to go to Canada, "I did try. It just wasn't possible" (185). \*Remember if the author is included in the sentence, you do not need to restate the name in the citation. You do know that's called a **citation**---right? There will be some examples of **literary terms** to identify on the test as well as a section to identify as phrase, dependent or independent clauses **(P, IC, DC)** and some syntax errors to identify (**CS, CE, Frag.,** **Fus.)**. I won't do the punctuation yes/no yet. Be sure you can write a **thesis statement.** A closed thesis must tell your reader the point you are going to make and the major paragraph topic divisions that you will use to prove your point. An open thesis to suggest the direction of your essay can be used when listing would be awkward. You can also have conditional theses which use the word "because." The history teachers like these. **What are you trying to do in literary (fiction) or rhetorical (nonfiction) analysis**? You are trying to determine how the writer created the effect that they did. If, for example, the writer caused us (through writing technique) to feel sympathetic toward a mass murderer, how was that accomplished? Symbolism? Motif? Figurative language? Interesting syntax? unusual diction? You get the idea. LITERARY analysis is for fiction pieces: RHETORICAL analysis is for non-fiction pieces.