Specialized Cells PDF

CELLS MAN HU SPECIALIZED CELLS WHAT ARE SPECIALIZED CELLS? Cells designed to carry out a certain role Cells which have specific components and a specific structure  WHAT IS IT? EGG CELL The female sex cell They are made in the ovaries a...

CELLS MAN HU SPECIALIZED CELLS WHAT ARE SPECIALIZED CELLS? Cells designed to carry out a certain role Cells which have specific components and a specific structure  WHAT IS IT? EGG CELL The female sex cell They are made in the ovaries and released during the menstrual cycle An egg cell joins with a sperm cell during fertilization to make an embryo HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? The nucleus contains genetic material The cytoplasm contains nutrients for the embryo to grow SPERM CELL WHAT IS IT? The male sex cell They are made in the testes after puberty A sperm cell joins with the egg cell during fertilization to form an embryo HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? The tail supports movement towards the egg Sperm cells contain lots of mitochondria to release energy for movement The nucleus contains genetic information  WHAT IS IT? RED BLOOD CELL Red blood cells are cells found in the blood They contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen around the body HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? The disc shape increases surface area, so more oxygen can be absorbed in the lungs There is no nucleus, which allows more space to carry oxygen WHITE BLOOD CELLS WHAT IS IT? White blood cells are part of the immune system They help the body fight infection and disease HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? White blood cells have an irregular shape so they can squeeze out of blood vessels and get to the site of infection Some can change shape to surround and engulf pathogens  WHAT IS IT? NERVE CELL Nerve cells transmit electrical signals in the nervous system HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? Nerve cells are thin and very long, so they can carry messages over long distances in the body They have branched connections allowing them to pass messages all over the body They are surrounded by a fatty myelin sheath which increases the speed that messages can travel MUSCLE CELLS WHAT IS IT? Muscle cells are cells which are found in bundles which make up muscles throughout the body HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? Muscle cells are able to contract and relax They can be found in many locations e.g. cardiac muscle in the heart, skeletal muscles which are joined to bones and smooth muscles such as the cells which line the stomach  WHAT IS IT? FAT CELL Fat cells store energy in the form of fat HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? Fat cells can expand to store more fat They have few mitochondria as fat cells need very little energy Fat acts as soft elastic padding to protect organs CILIATED CELL WHAT IS IT? Cells which are found in the airways to move mucus and dust out They are also found in the oviducts to move the egg cell from the ovaries to the uterus HOW IS IT ADAPTED TO ITS ROLE? Ciliated cells have tiny hairs on top of them called cilia which beat in a rhythm  CELLS MAN HU SPECIALIZED CELLS