Brain Anatomy and Function Exam (PDF)

Multiple Choice - 42 Questions Chapter 12: Brain Anatomy and Function (19 questions) 1. Which brain structure is responsible for higher cognitive functions like thinking and reasoning? A) Brainstem B) Cerebellum C) Cerebrum D) Medulla oblongata Answer: C) Cerebrum 2. Which part of the br...

Multiple Choice - 42 Questions Chapter 12: Brain Anatomy and Function (19 questions) 1. Which brain structure is responsible for higher cognitive functions like thinking and reasoning? A) Brainstem B) Cerebellum C) Cerebrum D) Medulla oblongata Answer: C) Cerebrum 2. Which part of the brain is associated with coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance? A) Pons B) Cerebellum C) Midbrain D) Thalamus Answer: B) Cerebellum 3. The cerebral cortex is made up of: A) White matter B) Gray matter C) Both white and gray matter D) CSF Answer: B) Gray matter 4. The primary function of the thalamus is: A) Coordination of movement B) Sensory relay station C) Control of autonomic functions D) Memory processing Answer: B) Sensory relay station 5. The ventricles of the brain are filled with: A) Blood B) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) C) Neurons D) White matter Answer: B) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 6. Which of the following separates the two cerebral hemispheres? A) Longitudinal fissure B) Central sulcus C) Lateral sulcus D) Transverse fissure Answer: A) Longitudinal fissure 7. Which lobe of the brain is responsible for visual processing? A) Frontal lobe B) Parietal lobe C) Occipital lobe D) Temporal lobe Answer: C) Occipital lobe 8. What is the function of the corpus callosum? A) Transmit motor signals to the spinal cord B) Relay sensory information to the brain C) Connect the two cerebral hemispheres D) Coordinate reflexes Answer: C) Connect the two cerebral hemispheres 9. The primary motor cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? A) Occipital lobe  B) Parietal lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Frontal lobe Answer: D) Frontal lobe 10. Broca’s area is associated with: A) Hearing B) Speech production C) Vision D) Balance Answer: B) Speech production 11. Which structure forms the floor of the third ventricle? A) Thalamus B) Hypothalamus C) Midbrain D) Medulla oblongata Answer: B) Hypothalamus 12. Which structure connects the third and fourth ventricles? A) Central canal B) Lateral aperture C) Cerebral aqueduct D) Interventricular foramen Answer: C) Cerebral aqueduct 13. Which of the following is NOT part of the brainstem? A) Midbrain B) Pons C) Medulla oblongata D) Cerebellum Answer: D) Cerebellum 14. The limbic system is primarily involved in: A) Motor control B) Emotional responses and memory C) Sensory integration D) Vision processing Answer: B) Emotional responses and memory 15. Which of the following brain structures regulates autonomic functions like heart rate and breathing? A) Pons B) Cerebellum C) Medulla oblongata D) Thalamus Answer: C) Medulla oblongata 16. The blood-brain barrier is primarily composed of: A) Neurons and glial cells B) Endothelial cells with tight junctions C) White matter D) Meninges Answer: B) Endothelial cells with tight junctions 17. Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? A) Corpus callosum B) Choroid plexuses C) Pineal gland D) Hypothalamus Answer: B) Choroid plexuses 18. Damage to the right motor cortex results in loss of movement on: A) The right side of the body B) The left side of the body  C) Both sides equally D) The lower body only Answer: B) The left side of the body 19. Which of the following separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe? A) Lateral sulcus B) Parieto-occipital sulcus C) Central sulcus D) Longitudinal fissure Answer: C) Central sulcus Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (15 questions) 20. Which type of receptor is involved in detecting changes in temperature? A) Mechanoreceptor B) Chemoreceptor C) Thermoreceptor D) Photoreceptor Answer: C) Thermoreceptor 21. Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain? A) Olfactory nerve B) Optic nerve C) Oculomotor nerve D) Trigeminal nerve Answer: B) Optic nerve 22. Which of the following nerves controls the muscles of facial expression? A) Trigeminal nerve B) Facial nerve C) Accessory nerve D) Hypoglossal nerve Answer: B) Facial nerve 23. What is the function of the dorsal root ganglion? A) Transmits motor commands to muscles B) Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons C) Relays signals between hemispheres D) Produces cerebrospinal fluid Answer: B) Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons 24. Which nerve plexus innervates the diaphragm? A) Cervical plexus B) Brachial plexus C) Lumbar plexus D) Sacral plexus Answer: A) Cervical plexus 25. The patellar reflex is an example of a: A) Superficial reflex B) Stretch reflex C) Crossed-extensor reflex D) Golgi tendon reflex Answer: B) Stretch reflex 26. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of reflex arcs? A) Rapid response B) Involuntary action C) Occur at the spinal cord level only D) Protective function Answer: C) Occur at the spinal cord level only 27. Which cranial nerve is involved in hearing and balance?  A) Vestibulocochlear nerve B) Glossopharyngeal nerve C) Vagus nerve D) Hypoglossal nerve Answer: A) Vestibulocochlear nerve 28. Which of the following best describes a dermatome? A) A branch of a spinal nerve B) An area of skin innervated by a specific spinal nerve C) A reflex pathway D) A sensory receptor in the skin Answer: B) An area of skin innervated by a specific spinal nerve 29. Which type of neuron carries impulses away from the central nervous system? A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) Association neuron Answer: B) Motor neuron 30. The connective tissue layer that surrounds individual axons is called: A) Epineurium B) Perineurium C) Endoneurium D) Myelin sheath Answer: C) Endoneurium 31. The vagus nerve is unique because it: A) Is the smallest cranial nerve B) Innervates structures in the thorax and abdomen C) Only carries sensory fibers D) Is confined to the head and neck region Answer: B) Innervates structures in the thorax and abdomen Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (Continued) 32. The autonomic nervous system controls: A) Skeletal muscles B) Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands C) Sensory receptors in the skin D) Reflex arcs Answer: B) Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands 33. Which nerve plexus is primarily responsible for innervating the upper limb? A) Cervical plexus B) Brachial plexus C) Lumbar plexus D) Sacral plexus Answer: B) Brachial plexus 34. Which cranial nerve controls the movement of the tongue? A) Glossopharyngeal nerve B) Hypoglossal nerve C) Trigeminal nerve D) Facial nerve Answer: B) Hypoglossal nerve 35. Which of the following best describes proprioceptors? A) Receptors that detect changes in blood chemistry B) Receptors that detect light C) Receptors that detect the position and movement of body parts D) Receptors that detect pain Answer: C) Receptors that detect the position and movement of body parts Chapter 14: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) (8 questions) 36. Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic fibers in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system? A) Norepinephrine B) Dopamine C) Acetylcholine D) Serotonin Answer: C) Acetylcholine 37. Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) Increases heart rate B) Dilates pupils C) Stimulates digestion D) Inhibits salivation Answer: C) Stimulates digestion 38. Sympathetic nerves originate from which part of the spinal cord? A) Cranial and sacral regions B) Thoracolumbar region C) Cervical region D) Lumbar and sacral regions Answer: B) Thoracolumbar region 39. Which receptor type is generally inhibitory when activated in the autonomic nervous system? A) Nicotinic receptors B) Muscarinic receptors C) Alpha receptors D) Beta receptors Answer: D) Beta receptors 40. Which of the following statements is true about the fight-or-flight response? A) It is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system. B) It involves the release of norepinephrine from postganglionic neurons. C) It decreases blood flow to the muscles. D) It promotes digestion and energy storage. Answer: B) It involves the release of norepinephrine from postganglionic neurons. 41. Which of the following drugs would likely be used to reduce heart rate in a patient? A) Atropine B) Epinephrine C) Beta-blocker D) Pseudoephedrine Answer: C) Beta-blocker 42. What is the role of the hypothalamus in the autonomic nervous system? A) It directly controls skeletal muscles. B) It acts as the relay station for sensory information. C) It regulates the activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. D) It coordinates reflex actions. Answer: C) It regulates the activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 43. Which rami carry preganglionic fibers to the sympathetic trunk? A) Gray rami B) White rami C) Ventral rami D) Dorsal rami Answer: B) White rami Matching - 8 Questions For the matching section, you can create a list of terms or structures on one side and their corresponding descriptions or functions on the other. For example: 1. Match the brain structures with their functions: A) Cerebellum B) Hypothalamus C) Medulla oblongata D) Thalamus 1) Sensory relay station 2) Coordination of voluntary movements 3) Regulation of autonomic functions like heart rate and breathing 4) Control of homeostasis and endocrine functions Answers: A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1 2. Match the neurotransmitters with their associated nervous system actions: A) Acetylcholine B) Norepinephrine C) Dopamine D) Serotonin 1) Promotes the fight-or-flight response 2) Released by preganglionic neurons in both ANS divisions 3) Mood regulation and emotional responses 4) Involved in voluntary motor control Answers: A-2 B-1 C-4 D-3 3. Match the brain lobes with their primary functions: A) Frontal lobe B) Parietal lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Occipital lobe 1) Visual processing 2) Motor control and problem-solving 3) Auditory processing and memory 4) Sensory perception Answers: A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1 4. Match the types of sensory receptors with their functions: A) Mechanoreceptor B) Thermoreceptor C) Photoreceptor D) Nociceptor 1) Detects changes in temperature 2) Responds to pain stimuli 3) Detects light for vision 4) Responds to mechanical pressure Answers:  A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2