Skin Pathophysiology PDF

Anatomy & Physiology: Skin Pathophysiology Dr. Heather Jones [email protected] 866-8133  Pathophysiology Overview of disorders Acne: Inflammation of sebaceous glands, become clogged Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin primarily involving the papillary layer...

Anatomy & Physiology: Skin Pathophysiology Dr. Heather Jones [email protected] 866-8133  Pathophysiology Overview of disorders Acne: Inflammation of sebaceous glands, become clogged Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin primarily involving the papillary layer of the dermis, causes itching and redness Eczema: skin lesions caused by an allergy (rash), young age, itchy, red and may lead to thickening and dark patches Psoriasis: Immune system mediated hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of epidermal cells, redden plaques with a silvery covering Rosacea: enlarged facial skin blood vessels, reddened face Tinea: fungal skin infections  Pathophysiology Skin Cancer: common form of cancer, primarily due to UV radiation, damages epidermal cell suppress genes Three main types (epidermal): Squamous cell carcinoma ✓ Aries from keratinocytes in stratum spinosum ✓ Can metastasize Basal cell carcinoma ✓ Arises from stratum basale ✓ Most common ✓ Seldom metastasizes Melanoma ✓ Arises form melanocytes ✓ If not caught early, quickly metastasizes  Pathophysiology Skin Cancer: ABCD method to detect melanoma: A: Asymmetry, one side looks different B: border, irregular border C: color, mixture of several colors: tan, brown, black, red D: diameter, greater than 6 mm Prevention: Avoiding UV exposure Use UV protective sunblock  Pathophysiology Burns Burns result from the exposure of the skin to heat, friction, radiation, electrical shock, and chemical Burns are categorized based on the depth of the tissue involvement  Pathophysiology Symptoms of large burns: 1. Water and electrolyte balance: burn damages the skin barrier leading to loss and plasma protein loss 2. Temperature regulation: loss of water leads to evaporative cooling 3. Infection: dampness and barrier loss can lead to bacteria growth and widespread infection Treatments: 1. Fluid replacement 2. Nutrients to meet increased metabolic demands 3. Infection prevention: remove infected tissue and clean coverings for the burns Skin Grafts: full thickness burns leave no layer to grow from healthy skin must be placed on top (auto or allo)  Cutaneous Drug Delivery The skin as a drug delivery systems: treat skin conditions or deliver drugs to other organs Factors: molecular weight, solubility, partition coefficient Methods of delivery Transepidermal: Intercellular or transcellular Transappendageal: hair follicle or sweat gland  Cutaneous Drug Delivery Drug delivery through the skin transdermal drug delivery