Management Information Systems PDF

Management IT and Information Systems 24/25 Session 1 – Introduction to Information Systems Hardware & Software Why Learn About Information Systems in Organisations? Management Information Systems I Pág. 2 STRATEGIC BUSINESS OBJECTIVES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS O...

Management IT and Information Systems 24/25 Session 1 – Introduction to Information Systems Hardware & Software Why Learn About Information Systems in Organisations? Management Information Systems I Pág. 2 STRATEGIC BUSINESS OBJECTIVES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Operational Excellence New Products, Services, and Business Models Customer and Supplier Intimacy Improved Decision Making Competitive Advantage Survival Management Information Systems I Pág. 3 What is a System ? A set of interdependent and interacting items that work together as a unified whole. A purposeful collection of inter-related components working together towards some common objective. – A system may include software, mechanical, electrical and electronic hardware and be operated by people. – System components are dependent on other system components – The properties and behavior of system components are inextricably inter-mingled Management Information Systems I Pág. 4 What is a System ? Efficiency A measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed. Effectiveness A measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals; it can be computed by dividing the goals actually achieved by the total of the stated goals. System Performance Standard A specific objective of the system. Management Information Systems I Pág. 5 What is Information ? Management Information Systems I Pág. 6 What is Information ? Management Information Systems I Pág. 7 What is an Information System ? Information System (IS) A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Management Information Systems I Pág. 8 Information Technology (IT) All the hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information. THESE ARE THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS Management Information Systems I Pág. 9 Information Technology (IT) Hardware Any machinery (most of which uses digital circuits) that assists in the input, processing storage, and output activities of an information system. Management Information Systems I Pág. 10 Information Technology (IT) Software Consists of the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer. Management Information Systems I Pág. 11 Information Technology (IT) Databases A database is an organised collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files. Management Information Systems I Pág. 12 Information Technology (IT) Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet Telecommunication is the electronic transmission of signals for communications, which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through computer networks. Management Information Systems I Pág. 13 Information Technology (IT) Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet Internet The world´s largest computer network, actually consisting of hundred of thousands interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information. An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization. Extranet A network based on web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners, suppliers, or customers, to access authorised resources of a company´s intranet. Management Information Systems I Pág. 14 Information Technology (IT) People Management Information Systems I Pág. 15 Information Technology (IT) Procedures Include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS, including the operation, maintenance, and security of the computers. Management Information Systems I Pág. 16 Connection between the firm, IT infrastructure, and business capabilities Chapter 5. IT Infrastructure and EmergingTechnologies Management Information Systems (Kenneth P. Laudon, Jane C. Laudon) Management Information Systems I Pág. 17 The IT infrastructure ecosystem Chapter 5. IT Infrastructure and EmergingTechnologies Management Information Systems (Kenneth P. Laudon, Jane C. Laudon) Management Information Systems I Pág. 18 Eras in IT infrastructure evolution Chapter 5. IT Infrastructure and EmergingTechnologies Management Information Systems (Kenneth P. Laudon, Jane C. Laudon) Management Information Systems I Pág. 19 A multi-tiered client/server network (n-tier) Chapter 5. IT Infrastructure and EmergingTechnologies Management Information Systems (Kenneth P. Laudon, Jane C. Laudon) Management Information Systems I Pág. 20 Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices. Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners. Management Information Systems I Pág. 21 Moore’s law and microprocessor performance Chapter 5. IT Infrastructure and EmergingTechnologies Management Information Systems (Kenneth P. Laudon, Jane C. Laudon) Management Information Systems I Pág. 22 Moore’s law and microprocessor performance Management Information Systems I Pág. 23 The amount of storage per dollar rises exponentially, 1950–2012 Chapter 5. IT Infrastructure and EmergingTechnologies Management Information Systems (Kenneth P. Laudon, Jane C. Laudon) Management Information Systems I Pág. 24 Management Information Systems I Pág. 25 Software Software is a set of instructions, or programs used to operate computers/hardware and execute specific tasks. Opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer, software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. Management Information Systems I Pág. 26 Software platforms Operating systems plaftorms – Servers: Unix/Linux (65%), Windows Server (35%) – PC: Windows (90%), Mac, Linux – Smartphones: Android (90%), iOS, Windows Enterprise software applications – ERP: SAP, JDEdwards, etc – CRM: Salesforce – Ad hoc solutions – Etc. Data management software – Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL.. Management Information Systems I Pág. 27 25/09/2024 [email protected] 2 Open Source software (OSS) Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. Mozilla Firefox web browser OpenOffice Apache Web server Linux … Management Information Systems I Pág. 28 25/09/2024 [email protected] 2 OSS: Pros and Cons PROS CONS Cost of acquisition Maintenance and support costs Reliabiltiy and resilience Learning curve Integration Community abandonment Management Information Systems I Pág. 29 25/09/2024 [email protected] 2 Software for the web Java: is an operating system-independent, processor- independent, object-oriented programming language that has become the leading interactive environment for the Web. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a page description language for specifying how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a Web page and for creating dynamic links to other Web pages and objects. HTML5 makes possible to embed images, audio, video, and other elements directly into a document without processor- intensive add-ons (Flash, Java, Silverlight, etc.) Management Information Systems I Pág. 30 25/09/2024 [email protected] 3 Web services and service-oriented architecture Web services refer to a set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages. XML (Extensible Markup Language) is more powerful and flexible than HTML as it provides a standardized format for data exchange. Management Information Systems I Pág. 31 25/09/2024 [email protected] 3 Software outsourcing and cloud services Software outsourcing. It enables a firm to contract custom software development or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms, which often operate offshore in low-wage areas of the world. Software packages and Enterprise Software. The large-scale enterprise software systems provide a single, integrated, worldwide software system for firms at a cost much less. Cloud-Based Software Services and Tools. Cloud-based software and the data it uses are hosted on powerful servers in massive data centers, and can be accessed with an Internet connection and standard Web browser. Mashups and apps. Apps are small pieces of software that run on the Internet or a device and are generally delivered over the Internet. A mashup is to mix and match these software components to create a customized application and to share information with others. Management Information Systems I Pág. 32 25/09/2024 [email protected] 3 Textbook LAUDON, KENNETH C. AND LAUDON, JANE P. (2020). Management Information Systems: Managing The Digital Firm. Global Edition. 16th Edition. Harlow. England. Pearson Education Limited. (Available on eStudy) Management Information Systems I Pág. 33