Sec 2 First Term 2025 Vocabulary - Mr Mohamed Shaban PDF

 Unit 3 1 Staying healthy 1 Main Vocabulary Lessont1in& U2 Word mea...

 Unit 3 1 Staying healthy 1 Main Vocabulary Lessont1in& U2 Word meaning Word meaning infection (n) ‫عدوى‬ react (v) (ed) ‫ ٌقوم برد فعل‬/ ‫ٌتفاعل‬ perform (v) (ed) ‫ ٌؤدى‬/ ‫ٌقوم بــ‬ severe (adj) ‫ خطٌر‬/ ‫شدٌد‬ CPR(cardiopulmonary ً‫عملٌة إنعاش رئوي قلب‬ technique (n) ‫ تقنٌة‬/ ‫ أسلوب‬/ ‫طرٌقة‬ resuscitation) 2 Vocabulary on Reading & listening Word meaning Word meaning allow (v) (ed) ‫ٌسمح‬ chest (n) ‫صدر‬ ambulance (n) ‫عربة اإلسعاف‬ collaboration (n) ‫ اشتراك‬/ ‫تعاون‬ area (n) ‫منطقة‬ competition (n) ‫ منافسة‬/ ‫مسابقة‬ athlete (n) )‫العب رٌاضً (شخص‬ damage (v) (d) ‫ ٌتلف‬/ ‫ٌفسد‬ athletic (adj) ‫ متعلق بألعاب القوى‬/ ً‫ رٌاض‬detail (n) ‫تفصٌل‬ awake (adj) ‫ واع‬/ ‫مستٌقظ‬ disease (n) ‫مرض‬ bacteria (n) ‫بكتٌرٌا‬ educate (v) (d) ‫ ٌدرس‬/ ‫ٌعلم‬ base (n) )‫ أساس قاعدة (اسفل الشًء‬else (adv) ‫أخر‬ bleed (v) ‫ٌنزف‬ emergency services ‫خدمات الطوارئ‬ bone (n) ‫ عظمة‬/ ‫َعظم‬ examination (n) ‫ اختبار‬/ ‫فحص‬ breathing (n) ‫التنفس‬ executive director ‫مدٌر تنفٌذي‬ call (v) (ed) ‫ ٌنادى‬/ ‫ٌتصل‬ expert (n) ‫خبٌر‬ championship (n) ‫بطولة‬ first aid (n) ‫إسعافات أولٌة‬ check (v) (ed) ‫ ٌراجع‬/ ‫ٌفحص‬ flat (adj) ‫مسطح‬ fortunately (adv) ‫لحسن الحظ‬ repeat (v) (ed) ‫ٌكرر‬ handball (n) ‫كرة الٌد‬ respond (v) (ed) ‫ٌستجٌب‬ heart centre (n) ‫مركز القلب‬ responsibility (n) ‫مسئولٌة‬ immediately (adv) ‫فورا‬ ً rise(v) ‫ٌرتفع‬ injury (n) ‫إصابة‬ sign (n) ‫عالمة‬ instructions (n) ‫تعلٌمات‬ skill (n) ‫مهارة‬ lock (v) (ed) ‫ ٌحبس‬/ ‫بغلق‬ sudden (adj) ‫مفاجئ‬ major (adj) ً‫رئٌس‬ surface (n) )‫سطح (الجزء األعلى من الشًء‬ normal (adj) ً‫طبٌع‬ survive (v) (d) ‫ ٌبقى على قٌد الحٌاة‬/ ‫ٌنجو‬ pioneer (n) ‫رائد‬ technology (n) ‫تكنولوجٌا‬ place (v) (d) (n) ‫ مكان‬/ ‫ٌضع‬ train (v) (ed) ‫ ٌتدرب‬/ ‫ٌدرب‬ press (v) (ed) ‫ٌضغط‬ trophy (n) ‫ جائزة‬/ ‫كأس‬ regular (adj) ‫منتظم‬ 1  3 Workbook Vocabularybulary Word meaning Word meaning act (v) (ed) ‫ ٌمثل‬/ ‫ٌتصرف‬ muscle (n) ‫عضلة‬ bandage (n) )‫ضمادة (للجرح‬ operation (n) ‫عملٌة جراحٌة‬ blood (n) ‫دم‬ performance (n) ‫أداء‬ encourage (v) (d) ‫ٌشجع‬ prohibition (n) ‫ حظر‬/ ‫منع‬ gloves (n) ‫قفازات‬ pump (v) (ed) ‫ٌضخ‬ guide (v) (d) ‫ ٌرشد‬/ ‫ٌوجه‬ regularly (adv) ‫بانتظام‬ kit (n) ‫ طقم أدوات‬/ ‫عدة‬ tight (adj) ‫ ضٌق‬/ ‫ مشدود‬/ ‫محكم‬ label (n) ‫ملصق‬ wrap (v) (ped) ‫ ٌغلف‬/ ‫ٌلف‬ Check point 1 Vocabulary 1 Doctors say that white blood cells help defend the body against.................. a injection b infection coperation dreflection 2 Raw meat and poultry may contain harmful................., therefore they must be cooked to a high temperature. aplants bpains corgans d bacteria 3 It is believed that cycle helmets may reduce head................. by up to 80 percent. atreatment bbreak cinjury ddrug 4 Luckily, the young doctor had his medical................. with him when the accident happened. adevices btechniques ckits djokes 5 After putting out the fire, some victims suffered from................. difficulties and eye irritation. adisease btemperature cbreathing ddepression 6 Most people feel proud when................. from their country do well in the Olympics. agraduates bathletes cpioneers dreporters 7 Children under five are vaccinated against the................. childhood diseases such as smallpox and polio. a normal bunimportant cmajor dminor 8 A/An................. is someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people. aemployee bdirector cassistant dpioneer 9 There was a.................silence as the headmaster into the class. asudden bregular cexciting davailable 10 The director insisted that all staff must................. on the new security system. again btrain centertain dcomplain 2 4 Expressions, Phrases, Idioms & Prepositions Word meaning Word meaning do an action ‫ٌقوم بالتصرف‬ make sure ‫ٌتأكد‬ perform/do CPR ً‫ ٌجرى عملٌة إنعاش رئوي قلب‬perform a play ‫ٌمثل مسرحٌة‬ do sport ‫ٌمارس رٌاضة‬ stay healthy ‫ٌبقى بصحة جٌدة‬ have/get an infection ‫ٌصاب بعدوى‬ take up a new sport ‫ ٌبدأ رٌاضة جدٌدة‬/ ‫ٌهتم بــ‬ care about ‫ٌهتم بــ‬ look at ‫ ٌفحص‬/ ‫ٌنظر إلى‬ come off ‫ ٌخرج من مكانه‬/ ‫ ٌسقط‬reply to ‫ ٌستجٌب لــ‬/ ‫ٌرد على‬ disagree about ‫ ال ٌوافق (ٌعترض) على‬rise up ‫ٌرتفع ألعلى‬ lock... together ‫معا‬ ً... ‫ٌغلق‬ wrap... around ‫حول‬... ‫ٌلف‬ respond to ‫ٌستجٌب لـ‬ react with ‫ ٌتفاعل مع‬/ ‫ٌتصرف بــ‬ 5 Derivatives Verb Noun Adjective bleed ‫ ٌنزف‬bleeding ‫نزٌف‬ -------------- breathe ‫ ٌتنفس‬breath ‫نفس‬ breathy ‫ مصحوب‬/ ‫الهث‬ breathing ‫تنفس‬ ‫بأنفاس مسموعة‬ collaborate ‫ ٌشارك‬/ ‫ ٌتعاون‬collaboration ‫ اشتراك‬/ ‫ تعاون‬collaborative ً‫تعاون‬ guidance ‫ إرشاد‬/ ‫ توجٌه‬guiding guide ‫ ٌرشد‬/ ‫ٌوجه‬ ً‫ توجٌه‬/ ‫إرشادي‬ guide ‫مرشد‬ ‫ عدوى‬infected ‫مصاب بعدوى‬ infect ‫ ٌعدى‬infection infectious ‫ُمعد‬ injure ‫ ٌجرح‬/ ‫ ٌصٌب‬injury ‫ جرح‬/ ‫ إصابة‬injured ‫ مجروح‬/ ‫مصاب‬ operate ‫ ٌشغل‬/ ‫ ٌقوم بعملٌة‬operation ‫ عملٌة جراحٌة‬operative ‫ مشغل‬/ ً‫جراح‬ perform ‫ ٌؤدى‬performance/performer ‫ مؤد‬/ ‫ أداء‬performing ‫مؤد‬ react ‫ ٌقوم برد فعل‬reaction ‫ رد فعل‬reactive ‫ذو رد فعل‬ 6 Synonyms & Antonyms Word Synonyms Antonyms collaboration ‫تعاون‬ participation/partnership isolation/disunion ‫ عدم اتحاد‬/‫عزلة‬ examination ‫ اختبار‬/ ‫فحص‬ observation/checking disregard/negligence ‫إهمال‬ flat ‫مسطح‬ straight/plane rough/uneven ‫ غٌرمستقٌم‬/ ‫خشن‬ guide ‫ ٌرشد‬/ ‫ٌوجه‬ advise/direct misguide/mislead ‫ٌسًء التوجٌه‬ infection ‫عدوى‬ contagion sterility/sanitation ‫الصحة‬/ ‫تعقٌم‬ ‫العامة‬ injury ‫إصابة‬ wound/harm remedy/cure ‫عالج‬ perform ‫ ٌؤدى‬/‫ٌقوم بــ‬ act/carry out halt/fail ‫ ٌفشل‬/ ‫ٌتوقف‬ press ‫ٌضغط‬ squeeze /compress release/extend ‫ ٌمد‬/ ‫ٌطلق‬ react ‫ ٌقوم برد فعل‬/ ‫ٌتفاعل‬ proceed/respond cease/halt ‫ٌتوقف‬ severe ‫ خطٌر‬/ ‫شدٌد‬ acute/extreme gentle/mild ‫ معتدل‬/‫ لطٌف‬/ ‫بسٌط‬ skill ‫مهارة‬ proficiency/craft incompetence/inability ‫ عدم قدرة‬/ ‫عدم كفاءة‬ 3 7 Definitions Word definitions Perform to do an action infection a disease caused by a virus or bacteria react to do something because something else has been done sever (of a disease) very serious technique a way of doing something with a skill Check point 2 Vocabulary 1 He suffered a severe head injury. The synonym of the word "severe" is ".................". aacute beasy csimple dstrange 2A young man pulled the child out of the swimming pool and................. CPR for him saving his life. atrained bmade cperformed dapplied 3 Did you................. any new sports when you started high school this year? amake bdo cgive ddesign 4 I................. a bad infection in my eye and my doctor said it was due to my lens. amade bdid cdevised dgot 5 The call centre in the company can respond...............all customer complaints within 2 days. ain bto con dat 6 The farmland near the Nile is very flat. The adjective "flat" is the opposite of".................". asmooth bfertile crough dbarren 7 The boy thankfully gave his mother her birthday present which he wrapped................ fine golden paper. aabout bfor cof dwith 8 Doctors warn us that the COVID-19 infection is very strong. The noun "infection" is similar in meaning to.................. ahygiene bsterility ccontagion dsanitation 9 The paramedics reacted very quickly to the emergency calls after the earthquake. The noun from the verb "react" is ".................". areacts breacted creactive dreaction 10 The nurse pressed on the wound trying to stop the bleeding. The verb "press" is the antonym of".................". a compress brelease csqueeze dtreat 4  Language notes 1 athlete - athletic - athletics )‫رٌاضً (شخص ٌمارس رٌاضة وخاصة العاب القوى‬ athlete Athletes are all happy to take part in the Olympic Games. athletic )ً‫رٌاضً (صفة لوصف شخص أو شًء رٌاض‬ School athletic competitions are encouraged to help students live healthily. athletics ‫العاب القوى (مجموعة من األلعاب تشمل الجري والقفز والرمً) تعامل معاملة المفرد‬ Athletics is considered the most important competitions in the Olympic Games. 2 operation - process ‫عملٌة جراحٌة‬ operation ‫ نشاط)لشركة أو منظمة‬/ ‫عملٌة إنجاز (عمل‬ The famous surgeon has done this operation hundreds of process ‫عملٌة طبٌعٌة أو صناعٌة لحدوث أو إنتاج شًء‬ Birth and ageing may be man's most important natural processes 3 another - other - the other - others - else another )‫آخر (للمفردات‬ another + ‫ كمٌات‬/ ‫مسافات‬ There's another news programme at ten o'clock. I want to stay in Paris for another 3 days. other + ‫اسم‬ )‫اسم ال ٌُعد‬/ ‫أخرى (للجمٌع‬ the other )‫اآلخر (بمعنى أن هناك اثنٌن فقط‬ I suggested a camping holiday, but Omar had other ideas. You gave me only one pen, where is the other (one)? others )‫اآلخرون (ٌأتً بعدها فعل‬ One boy fell off his chair and the others laughed. else ‫ وال ٌأتً بعدها اسم‬some – any – every- no ‫ضا تستخدم بع كلمات تبدأ ب‬ ً ٌ‫ ا‬/ ‫آخر‬ ‫ضا تستخدم بعد أدوات االستفهام‬ ً ٌ‫ أ‬/ ‫آخر‬- There's something else I'd like to talk about as well. I'll give you the report, but don't tell anybody else. He is awake now, like everyone else. Who else was at the party yesterday? What else would you like to buy? 5  sign 4 sign - signal - landmark ‫ تحذٌر تعلٌمات‬/‫ معدنٌة) لمعلومة‬/‫الفتة (ورقٌة‬-1 ) ‫ إشارة إلى (حدث ٌدل على حقٌقة‬-2 You must take care of traffic signs while driving on the road. Do you see any signs of improvement in the patient's condition? signal )‫ تلٌفزٌون‬/‫ إذاعة‬/‫إشارة (تلٌفون‬-1 ‫ صوتٌة ) كدلٌل أوإعطاء إذن لشًء‬/‫إشارة (ضوئٌة‬-2 The satellite is used for transmitting signals around the world. The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building. landmark ‫عالمة بارزة(تمٌز مكا ًنا) مثل برج أو مبنى‬ The Eiffel Tower is probably the most famous landmark in Paris. Check point 3 Vocabulary 1 I didn't have to renew my passport as it is still valid for................. two years. a another bother cothers dthe other 2 The assistant hung a................. on the door of the shop that said it would reopen at 10 p.m. a signal bmark csign dmessage 3 We love to watch the Olympic competitions - especially the.................. aathlete bathletic cauthentic dathletics 4 The child's parents must give their consent before she has the.................. aprocess boperation coption dtask 5 I couldn't make any calls during the safari trip as the................. was very bad in the area. asignal bmark csign dmessage 6  Reading and listening Reading Text HOW TO PERFORM FIRST AID 1 If you find an ill or injured person, you must check the area (1) ‫شديد‬ around them first to make sure it isn’t dangerous. Then (2) ‫ينزف‬ move closer to the person and look carefully at him/her. Does he/she seem to be very ill? Does he/she have severe(1) (3) ‫عدوى‬ injuries? (4) ‫يقوم برد فعل‬ 2 If the person is awake but not bleeding , you have to ask (2) (5) ‫خدمات الطوارئ‬ him/her how he/she feels and what happened. Check his/her (6) ‫عملية إنعاش رئوى قلبى‬ body for signs of injury or infection(3). You don’t have to touch (7) ‫الصدر‬ the person’s body to do this. 3 If the person doesn’t reply, touch his/her shoulder or foot and (8) ‫يضغط‬ shout to see if he/she reacts(4) , and remember to check for normal breathing. 4 If the person isn’t breathing, someone must call the emergency services(5) immediately (123). 5 If you know how to perform CPR(6) , you have to do this to help the person start breathing again. However, you mustn’t do CPR unless the person is lying on their back on a flat surface such as the floor. 6 Place your hand on the centre of the person’s chest(7). Put your other hand on top of the first hand and lock your fingers together. Make sure that your shoulders are above your hands. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 7 You don’t have to press(8) down on the person’s chest very much – only five to six centimetres. Keep your hands on their chest and allow it to rise up again. You have to do this 100 to 120 times a minute until the person starts breathing again. 7  Listening Text (1) Most of us know that we need to stay healthy and many of us enjoy sports. But some young athletes(1) believe that (1) ‫رياضيون‬ they don’t need to worry about heart problems until they get (2) ‫اختبار‬/‫فحص‬ very ill. However, health experts agree that athletes must get (3) ‫يتدرب‬ a special heart examination(2) before they can be completely (4) ‫يبقى على قيد الحياة‬/‫ينجو‬ sure that they don’t have a problem. (5) ‫لحسن الحظ‬ For example, in 2006, Mohamed Abdelwahab was (6) ‫رائد‬ an Egyptian footballer from Fayum who seemed to be very (7) ‫تفصيل‬ healthy. At that time, football clubs didn’t have to check their (8) ‫مدير تنفيذى‬ players’ hearts, but then Abdelwahab fell down while he was (9) ‫رئيسى‬ training. Sadly, although the emergency services took him (3) (10) ‫منافسات‬ to hospital, Abdelwahab didn’t survive.(4) (11) ‫بطوالت‬ Fortunately(5) , Egypt became a pioneer(6) in athletic heart care in 2018 when it established the first Athletic Heart Centre in the Middle East in Wadi el Nil Hospital. It was decided that the AHC had to have the best technology to check every detail(7) of an athlete’s heart. And Dr Hazem Khamis, the Hospital Director, has said that the centre will help to protect everyone who enjoys sport in Egypt, and it will work with Liverpool John Moores University to help athletes abroad. Dr Ahmed Ashraf Eissa, who is the Executive Director(8) of the centre, also believes that anyone who does any kind of sport should check the health of their heart first. For example, the members of the Egyptian national handball team take full tests of their hearts before major (9) competitions(10), such as the World Handball Championships(11). And now Dr Hazem and Dr Ahmed have published a book together so that everyone can understand the importance of having a healthy heart. It’s called Athletic Heart: Between Dreams of a Trophy and Sudden Death. Young athletes, and their families, mustn’t miss this chance to learn about the importance of heart examinations to stay fit and healthy. 8  Listening Text (2) (Workbook) Of course, not everyone will become an athlete or (1) ‫يضخ‬ a footballer, but that does not mean we should forget about our (2) ‫عضلة‬ hearts. So what should parents do to help their children stay free (3) ‫يبدأ رياضة‬/‫يهتم بـ‬ from heart disease? (4) ‫ملصقات‬ Your heart pumps about 380 litres of blood through your (1) body every hour. This is a lot of work. In fact, your heart has to work harder than any other muscle(2) in your body. That is why we need to keep it fit and healthy. We all need to exercise for 30 minutes every day if we can. We should all get lots of exercise – that means Mum and Dad as well as the children. Try to walk, cycle, swim or play games outside as often as you can. Play together as a family and it will be more fun. If a child decides to take up a new sport(3), send them to visit a doctor to check their heart first. They’ll probably be fine, but the doctor will need to do some tests to check. Eat healthily, too. Show your children that they need to look at the labels(4) before they buy something. They mustn’t eat too much of something if it has a lot of salt or fat in it. Eat well, do lots of exercise and you should have healthy hearts for life! Exercises on Vocabulary Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d 1 In some parts of Africa there is a................. food shortage because of droughts. agentle b severe csimple dnormal 2 In hospitals, some tests are now................. on all people who offer to become blood donors. aperformed bdesigned cmade dreacted 3 Firefighters must be trained well to................. quickly when they hear the alarm. acall breact c reflect dallow 4 All surgeons of the department will be trained in all the new surgical.................in heart surgery. aobjective breaction ctechnique dexamination 5 When I reached the hospital, my nose was................. and the doctor plugged it with cotton wool. abreathing bwrapping ctreating dbleeding 6 You must make sure you understand the safety................. before you use the cutting machine. aconstructions binstructions clicences dtechniques 7 Several people ignored the "No Smoking"................. and the police fined them amark bsignal cmessage dsign 9 8 I had an appointment at the dentist's for a routine................. on Monday afternoon. aexamination breaction cintention dcollaboration 9 The present my sister got for her birthday was beautifully................. in gold paper. awrapped blocked cdumped dremoved 10 By midday, the sun had................. high in the sky and it was very hot. arisen bincreased cdecreased draised 11 Most schools don't................. students to use their mobile phones in the classroom. acause bprohibit callow deducate 12 An................. is a person with a high level of knowledge or skill in a particular subject or activity. aexport bexplorer cemployer dexpert 13 Anything you share on your Facebook page is shown shortly afterwards to everyone.................. a other belse canother dothers 14 The new director has full................. for financial matters of the company. aability bpotential cresponsibility dambition 15 My friend was given.................by a doctor, which I think saved his life. aVCR bPCR cCPR dMRI 16 The audience was clearly delighted with the................. of the actors. a perform bperformance cperformer dperformative 17 I'm busy now; I'll phone you again later. The word "later" is an antonym of the word".................". aimmediately bregularly cgradually dlatter 18 Factories and building companies must provide safety equipment and................. sure it is used carefully. ado bmake cdesign ddevise 19 Husbands and wives usually disagree................. the best way to spend their money. aabout bto cwith dfor 20 The young actress usually replies immediately................. comments on her posts. aat bfor cabout dto 21 Many young women stop................. sports when they get married. agoing bletting cdoing dmaking 22 To................. healthy, you should exercise at least three times a week. amake bavoid cstay dmove 23 The officer died of his gunshot wounds. The word "wound" can be replaced by the word".................". abruise binjury cscare dtrial 24 he medical company announced that the research for the new vaccine was done in................. with the University of Oxford. acollaborate bcollaboration ccollaborative delaboration 10 25 During pandemics, governments have to force people to stay home to stop the spread of the disease.................. a infect binfected cinfectious dinfection 26 How did the manager................. to the suggestion you had made? a retrain brefresh creact drecycle 27 You should learn how to................. CPR. areform bperform ctake d make 28 We should do sports to.................in good health. astay bleave cmake dremind 29 Please,.................sure you turn off the gas before you leave the house. agive btake cdo dmake 30 Follow the rules of cleanliness to avoid being.................with COVID-19. ainfected bprotected cinjected drejected 11  Grammar 1 Necessity ‫الضرورة‬ Must ‫ من الالزم أن‬/ ‫ من الضرورى أن‬/ ‫يجب ان‬ Form ‫التكوين‬ Sub + must + inf. You must follow the school rules. Negative ‫النفى‬ Sub + mustn't + inf. You mustn't drive a car without licence. Question ) ‫السؤال ( بأداة استفهام‬ Q.W + must + sub + inf. +................ ? What must we do when the traffic light is red ? Question ) ‫السؤال ( بـــهل‬ Must + sub + v-ing +................ ? Must you speak loudly al the time ? Passive ‫المبنى للمجهول‬ Object + must / mustn't + be + P.P The school rules must be followed (passive) Usages ‫االستخدامات‬ You must wash your hands before eating. ‫ نصَحةُلوَة‬1 You must come and visit us soon. ‫ دعوةُحارة‬2 I must study hard for my exams. ً‫ الزامُداخل‬3 We must buy souvenirs for our family ‫ التذكَرُبفعلُشئ‬4 Mustn't You mustn’t smoke in hospital. ‫ المنعُوالحظرُوالتحرَم‬1 mustn’t = ‫مصطلحات‬ it’s against the law it’s not allowed to + inf it’s banned to + inf it’s forbidden to + inf it’s prohibited to + inf 12 Have to / has to ‫ من الالزم ان‬/ ‫يجب أن‬ Form ‫التكوين‬ Sub + have / has to + inf. Sama has to pay he electricity bill tomorrow. Negative ‫النفى‬ Sub + don't / doesn't (hve to) + inf. You don't have to get up early. We are on holiday. Question ) ‫السؤال ( بأداة استفهام‬ Q.W + do / does + sub + have to + inf. +................ ? What does Abdu have to do to join the club ? Question ) ‫السؤال ( بـــهل‬ Do / Does + sub + have to + inf. +................ ? Do they have to wait for the manager ? Passive ‫المبنى للمجهول‬ Object + have / has + to be + P.P The electric bill has to be paid. (passive) Usages ‫االستخدامات‬ ‫ تستخدم لتعبير عن االلتزام المفروض من الخارج ( اى يوجد اجبار) مثل االلتزام بالقوانين والقواعد في مواقف محددة‬1 I have to pay the bill or the internet service will be disconnected. ‫( للتعبير عن شئ من المهم القيام به في المستقبل‬will have to + inf) ‫ نستخدم‬2 The flight is at six in the morning , so we will have to get up very early. 13  Summary Necessity ‫تستخدم هذه االفعال للتعبير عن الضرورة‬ Present Past Future It was necessary for... It's necessary for... It will be necessary have to for... to + inf hast to to + inf must to + inf had to will have to have got to has got to need to / needs to needed to will need to I have to get up early on school days. I must visit Ramy on Saturday as i have promised to visit him. notes ‫ الضرورة الشخصية والشخص يكون موافقا لهذه الضرورة ويكون راضى‬must ‫تفيد‬. ‫ ضرورة مفروضة من الخارج ليس لديك اختيار في فعلها أو ال‬have to ‫وتفيد‬ It is necessary for all students to study hard. All students ( must / have to / have got to/ need to ) study hard. it’s a must / necessity ‫وللضرورة يمكن استخدام‬ It is a must to visit Alex. 2 lack of Necessity It wasn't necessary for... Past It isn't necessary for... Present Future It won't be necessary don't have to for... to + inf doesn't have to didn't have to to + inf to + inf don't / doesn't didn't need to won't have to need to ‫لم يكن ضروريا فعل شئ فلم نفعله‬ needn't(without to) need have +p.p ‫لم يكن ضروريا فعل شئ ولكن تم فعله‬ I isn't necessary for her to buy more dresses. She doesn't have to / needn't / doesn't need to buy more dresses. I didn't have to travel abroad. ‫لم يكن واجبا فلم أفعل‬ I needn't have travelled abroad. ‫لم يكن واجبا ولكن فعلت‬ 14  Exercises on Grammar Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d 1 students.................eat or during the class. It's not allowed. amustn't b had to cmust ddon't have to 2 My mother................. yesterday. My father ordered food from the restaurant. a didn't have to cook bmust cook c needn't cook dhave to cook 3 My grandfather................. wear a uniform at school. They could wear what they wanted. adoesn't have to bneedn't chas to ddidn't have to 4 I................. take this book back to the library or I'll pay a fine. amustn't bhave got to ccan't d need 5 This kitchen equipment wasn't necessary, you................. it. You are wasteful. a had to buy bneedn't have bought cdidn't have to buy ddon't need to buy 6 You.................eat so many sweets. They are bad for you. aneed to bhave to c didn't have to dmustn't 7 Tomorrow is my day off. I................. get up early. a mustn't bhad to cmust dwon't have to 8 My brother................. finish his graduation project yesterday. amust bhad to chas to ddoesn't have to 9 Children under 5................. pay for the ticket. It's free. adon't have bhad to cneedn't dwill have to 10 It rained heavily yesterday, so I................. Water the flowers. adidn't have to bhave to cmustn't d had to 11 We................. visit our grandmother. She has been ill lately. adidn't have to bneedn't cmust ddon't have to 12 Does he................. arrive at work very early? a had to bhas to chave to dmust 13 The school bus broke down, so the pupils................. walk to school. a had to bought cmust dwould 14 We.................talk to each other because it was an exam. ashouldn't bmustn't cdon't have to dweren't allowed to 15 I really.................phone Aya. i promised I'd phone her as soon as I reached home. amust bhas to cneed dneedn't 16 It was late but the pupils.................stay at school for an additional lesson a might bmust chad to dneeded 15 17 She................. home yesterday because her mother was sick. a must bhad to stay cneedn't have stayed ddidn't have to stay 18 You................. phone me at work. We aren't allowed to make personal calls. aneedn't bhave to cneed to dmustn't 19 My father will give me a lift to school, I................. walk to it. amustn't bhave to cwon't have to ddidn't have to 20 We.................give him our answer today or we will lose the contract. aneedn't bhave to cshouldn't ddon't have to 21 Sorry, I have no time to discuss anything now. I................. be at a meeting at 10 o'clock. amay bdon't have to c must dcould 22 It's a smoke-free area. You.................smoke here. amustn't bmay cdon't have to dcan 23............... shout at your boss yesterday. a You can't bIt wasn't necessary for you to cYou mustn't dYou needn't 24 you................. make me another cup of coffee. I've just had one. a don't have b needn't c can't d have to 25 Since his mother was ill, he.................prepare the dinner for the family. amust bwas obliged to cdidn't have to dhas to 26 She................. cook food today. There is enough food in the fridge. aneedn't to bmustn't cdoesn't have to dhas to 27 You mustn't park here. lt means that.................. a it is necessary to park here b it isn't necessary to park here cit's against the law to park here dparking isn't forbidden here 28 What................. to know is the address of Reda's house. aI will need bneeded c will I need dis needed 16  Test on lesson 1&2 A. Vocabulary and Structures 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d : 1 The students................. the experiment well, so the teacher gave them a good mark. amade bignored cperformed druined 2 Some of the passengers suffered.................injuries after the bus accident and needed to have operations. asevere bgentle clight dreactive 3 Lifeguards are trained on................. CPR as they save people from drowning. ainventing bmaking cdoing ddesigning 4 The doctors said that the boy was................. and didn't need medicine. aaverage bhurt ccommon dnormal 5 We went to a special course to learn how to give first.................to accident victims. ahelp baid cdrug doperation 6 My father has a large carpentry................. and he always fixes things at our house. atool bdevice ckit dtrauma 7 Children are advised to visit a dentist................. to keep their teeth healthy. agradually bscarcely crarely dregularly 8 The room looks tidy. I.................clean it. a mustn't bcan't cdidn't have to d don't have to 9 Ghada................. go to the office. She can do her work from home. adoesn't have bneedn't chas to dmustn't 10 The employees................. wear formal clothing, but they should look smart. a mustn't bshouldn't cdon't have to dcan't 11 You................. drive a car without fastening the seat belt. It's against the law. amustn't bneedn't cdon't have to daren't allowed 12 According to the company regulations , I................. arrive at work at8 sharp. aneed bcan't cmustn't dhave to 13 I have an important exam tomorrow. I................. study hard for it. amustn't bdon't have to cmust dhad to 14 Does he................. type these letters now? ahas to bhad to cmust dhave to 15 When a police officer asks to see your driver's license, you................. show it to him/her. adidn't have to bhave got to chas to dmustn't 17  A. Reading Comprehension 2 Read the following passage then answer the questions : "Don't eat just before going to bed!" My mother used to tell me. "You might get a nightmare. "I never believed her until it happened to me. It was on a night when I felt hungry just as I was about to go to bed. So, I made myself a peanut butter sandwich and a large cold glass of milk. After consuming them, I went to bed. Soon I drifted off into a troubled sleep. I dreamt that I was with a group of people looking for an old woman. I was not sure why we were looking for her, but we all seemed afraid of her. Somehow we had to find her. So there I was, searching high and low for her in frightful places I had never been before. Sometimes I seemed to be flying while at other times I seemed unable to move. The whole atmosphere was like a dreadful horror movie. After some searching, I entered a darkened room and saw a figure sleeping on a bed. As I got nearer, the figure suddenly threw away the blanket, got up, and stared at me. It was an ugly old woman with shiny golden teeth. She raised her claw-like fingers and walked towards me. I wanted to run but was unable to. I tried to scream but found that I could not. In horror, I struggled and struggled to get away from the frightful woman. The next moment I gave a muffled yell and found myself panting on my bed. My goodness , what a horrible nightmare it was! For a minute or so I lay on my bed not daring to close my eyes for fear of falling asleep again and continuing the nightmare. From then on I never eat just before going to sleep. A Choose the correct answer : 17The writer's mother warned him not to.................. aeat before going to sleep bgo with a group of people anywhere c search for the old woman dscream on facing dangers 18 The result of a peanut butter sandwich and a large cold glass of milk was a/an.................. ahigh bill bnightmare c attack from an old woman d mother's anger from her son 19 The synonym of the word "muffled" is a".................". aloud speech bloud voice c very pure sound dquiet and less clear sound 20 The best title to the passage is".................". aNightmares bMothers' experiences c Much eating and good sleep dAn adventure during the night 21 The boy was looking for the old woman although.................. ashe was cute bshe was scared c he was afraid of her dhe couldn't know her place 22 According to the passage, the nightmare.................. ahappens when people sleep bis a bad scary dream c refers to real life dhappens to hungry people 18  23 The boy didn't want to close his eyes.................. abecause he was tired bso that he could see the rest of the nightmare c because they were sore dbecause he fears that he might see the nightmare again 24 A suitable title for the passage may be ……………. awould never eat just before sleeping bwouldn't listen to his mum's words c would do sports before sleeping dwouldn't talk to old women anymore 3 Choose the correct Arabic translation 24 The main purpose of education is the integral development of the student. it also aims at preparing generations of scientists able to face the challenges of the future. ‫ وّا َهذف إًٌ إػذاد أظُاي ِٓ اٌؼٍّاء لادسج ػًٍ ِىاظهح ذؽذَاخ‬.‫أ اٌغشض اٌشئُسٍ ِٓ اٌرؼٍُُ هى اٌرُّٕح اٌّرىاٍِح ٌٍطاٌة‬.ً‫اٌّسرمث‬ ‫ وّا َهذف إًٌ إػذاد أظُاي ِٓ اٌؼٍّاء لادسج ػًٍ ِىاظهح ذؽذَاخ‬.‫ب اٌغشض اٌشئُسٍ ِٓ اٌرؼٍُُ هى اٌرُّٕح اٌعضئُح ٌٍطاٌة‬.ً‫اٌّسرمث‬ ‫ وّا َهذف إًٌ إػذاد أظُاي ِٓ اٌؼٍّاء لادسج ػًٍ ِىاظهح ذغُشاخ‬.‫ج اٌغشض اٌشئُسٍ ِٓ اٌرؼٍُُ هى اٌرُّٕح اٌّرىاٍِح ٌٍطاٌة‬.ً‫اٌّسرمث‬ ‫ وّا َهذف إًٌ إػذاد أظُاي ِٓ اٌؼٍّاء ػاظضج ػٓ ِىاظهح ذؽذَاخ‬.‫د اٌغشض اٌشئُسٍ ِٓ اٌرؼٍُُ هى اٌرُّٕح اٌّرىاٍِح ٌٍطاٌة‬.ً‫اٌّسرمث‬ 4 Choose the correct English translation : ‫ ٔفخش ظُّ ًؼا تؼٍّائٕا اٌّرُّضَٓ أِصاي أؼّذ صوًَ وفاسوق اٌثاص اٌٍزَٓ لاِا تإٔعاصاخ ػٍُّح وثُشج ساهّد فٍ ذمذَ اٌثششَح فٍ ِعاالخ‬25.ٌُ‫ػذَذج فٍ وً أٔؽاء اٌؼا‬ a We are all proud of our modern scientists, such as Ahmed Zewail and Farouk El-Baz, who made great scientific achievements that contributed to the progress of humanity in many fields all over the world. b We are all proud of our distinguished scientists, such as Ahmed Zewail and Farouk El-Baz, who made great scientific achievements that contributed to the progress of humanity in many fields all over the world. c We are all proud of our distinguished scientists, such as Ahmed Zewail and Farouk El-Baz, who did great scientific achievements that contributed to the progress of humanity in many fields all over the world. d We are all proud of our detected scientists, such as Ahmed Zewail and Farouk El-Baz, who made great scientific achievements that cooperated with the progress of humanity in many fields all over the world. C.Writing 5 Write an essay of about the hundred and EIGHTY (180) words on the following: "How the internet has changed the world of work nowadays" 19  Unit 3 1 Staying healthy Lessont3 i n& U 4 1 Vocabulary on Reading & listening Word meaning Word meaning boost (v) (ed) ‫ ٌحمس‬/‫ ٌعزز‬/ ‫ٌدفع‬ Olympic (adj) ً‫أولٌمب‬ brain (n) ‫المخ‬ ordinary(adj) ‫عادى‬ brilliant (adj) ‫ رائع‬/ ‫بارع‬ organ (n) ‫عضو فً الجسم‬ cell (n) ‫خلٌة‬ perfect(adj) ‫ ممتاز‬/ ‫كامل‬ champion (n) ً‫بطل رٌاض‬ persuasive (adj) ‫مقنع‬ cough (n) (v) (ed) ‫ٌكح‬/ ‫ ٌسعل‬/‫كحة‬/ ‫سعال‬ protect (v) (ed) ً‫ٌحم‬ course (n) ً‫مقرر(منهج) تعلٌم‬ reason (n) ‫سبب‬ cover (v) (ed) ‫ٌغطى‬ regularly (adv) ‫بانتظام‬ explanation (n) ‫ تفسٌر‬/ ‫شرح‬ separate (adj) (v) (d) ‫ ٌفصل‬/ ‫منفصل‬ immune system (n) ً‫الجهاز المناع‬ situation (n) ‫موقف‬ improve (v) (d) ‫ٌحسن‬ spend (v) ‫ٌقضى‬ join (v) (ed) ‫ ٌلتحق بــ‬/ ‫ٌنضم إلى‬ video games (n) ‫ألعاب الفٌدٌو‬ lung (n) ‫الرئة‬ virus (n) ‫فٌروس‬ mistake (n) ‫خطأ‬ 2 Workbook Vocabularybulary Word meaning Word meaning add (v) (ed) ‫ٌضٌف‬ persuade (v) (d) ‫ٌقنع‬ advertisement (n) ‫إعالن‬ pleasure (n) ‫ سرور‬/ ‫سعادة‬ behave (v) (d) ‫ٌتصرف‬ remind (v) (ed) ‫ٌُذكر‬ diet (n) ً‫نظام غذائ‬ simple (adj) ‫بسٌط‬ flu (n) ‫اإلنفلونزا‬ support (n) (v) (ed) ‫ ٌساند‬/‫ ٌدعم‬/ ‫دعم‬ label (n) (v) (led) ‫ ٌصنع ملص ًقا‬/ ‫ملصق‬ toy (n) )‫لعبة (طفل‬ microscope (n) )‫مجهر(مٌكروسكوب‬ unfortunately (adv) ‫لسوء الحظ‬ Check point 1 Vocabulary 1 The Ministry is trying............. to local and foreign businesses to invest in the tourism industry. apersuade b attack corder ddiscourage 2 I asked my brother to.................me to buy some batteries for the TV remote control. aremember bmemorise cremind d forget 3 Ahmed's visits gave his grandparents a lot of.................. asorrow bpleasure cfrustration dconcentration 20 4 Cairo University runs language................. for all levels, from beginners to professional ones. agames btrips cmatches dcourses 5 The new players' skillful performance should.................the team's result this season. ajoin badd cboost ddiscourage 6 Iron is important because we need it to form new blood................. that carry oxygen around the body. abeings bcells cbones draces 7 Young children usually get a lot of.................on visiting zoos and theme parks. a virus bbacteria ctissue dsoil 8 A/An................. is someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people. amembers bdevices climbs dorgans 9 To increase your efficiency at work, it is important to keep work and family life.................. ajoint bstrange cdemolished dseparate 10 The meal which we had at the new restaurant was delicious and absolutely.................. aterrible bperfect cstrange d awful 3 Expressions, Phrases, Idioms & Prepositions Word meaning Word meaning at any time ‫فً أي وقت‬ have the flu ‫ٌصاب باإلنفلونزا‬ do the course ‫منهجا تعلٌم ًٌا‬ ً ‫ٌدرس‬ in the first place ‫فً المقام االول‬ find it hard to ‫ٌجد من الصعب أن‬ make notes ‫ٌدون مالحظات‬ get better ‫ٌتحسن‬ sound perfect ً )‫(ممتازا‬ ‫ٌبدو رائ ًعا‬ complete... with ‫بــ‬... ‫ٌكمل‬ stay up ‫ٌسهر‬ great at ً‫رائع (عظٌم) ف‬ look forward to ‫ٌتطلع إلى‬ interested in ‫مهتم بــ‬ think of/about ً‫ٌفكر ف‬ get ill ‫ٌصاب بمرض‬ worried about ‫قلق بشأن‬ 4 Derivatives Verb Noun Adjective addition ‫ إضافة‬additional add ‫ٌضٌف‬ ً‫إضاف‬ additive ‫مادة مضافة‬ behave ‫ ٌتصرف‬behaviour ‫ تصرف‬/ ‫ سلوك‬behavioural ً‫سلوك‬ explain ‫ ٌفسر‬/‫ ٌشرح‬explanation ‫ تفسٌر‬/ ‫ شرح‬explanatory ‫تفسٌري‬ immunise ‫ ٌوفرمناعة‬/ ‫ ٌحصن‬immunity ‫ مناعة‬immune ً‫ مناع‬/ ‫منٌع‬ improve ‫ ٌحسن‬improvement ‫ تحسن‬improved ‫متحسن‬ persuade ‫ ٌقنع‬persuasion ‫ إقناع‬persuasive ‫مقنع‬ support ‫ ٌساند‬/ ‫ ٌدعم‬support ‫ مساندة‬/ ‫ دعم‬supporting ‫ مساند‬/ ‫داعم‬ 21 5 Synonyms & Antonyms Word Synonyms Antonyms behave ‫ٌتصرف‬ act/react misbehave/act up ‫ٌسًء التصرف‬ boost ‫ ٌحمس‬/‫ ٌعزز‬/ ‫ٌدفع‬ push/improve/support hinder/discourage ‫ ٌحبط‬/ ‫ٌعوق‬ brilliant ‫ رائع‬/ ‫بارع‬ excellent/magnificent ordinary/common ‫عادى‬ improve ‫ ٌتحسن‬/ ‫ٌحسن‬ advance/enhance decline/deteriorate ‫ٌتدهور‬ persuasive ‫مقنع‬ convincing discouraging/unconvincing ‫ غٌرمقنع‬/ ‫مثبط‬ pleasure ‫ سرور‬/ ‫سعادة‬ enjoyment/delight sadness/sorrow ‫ أسى‬/ ‫حزن‬ separate ‫منفصل‬ isolated/disconnected connected/combined ‫متصل‬ simple ‫بسٌط‬ plain/easy complicated ‫معقد‬ support ‫دعم‬ assistance/aid hindrance/discouragement ‫ تثبٌط‬/ ‫إعاقة‬ unfortunately ‫لسوء الحظ‬ unluckily/sadly fortunately ‫لحسن الحظ‬ 6 Definitions Word definitions boost to help someone or something to improve or get better cell the smallest separate part of a plant or animal immune system a way that your body protects you from disease organ a part of your body that performs a job the brain or heart virus very small living thing that causes disease Check point 2 Vocabulary 1 Father smiled with pleasure when mother walked in. The antonym of the word "pleasure" is".................". aenjoyment bhappiness csadness ddelight 2 My little daughter................. ill after eating a bad meal at the restaurant. acured bdid cmade dgot 3 I lay awake in bed for hours thinking................. the trip l am going on the next day. aof bat cin dfor 4 I think that going to the beach is a brilliant idea. The adjective "brilliant" is similar in meaning to.................. aexcellent bordinary ccommon ddoubtful 5 My wife and l have separate bank accounts. The synonym of the word "separate" is".................". aconnected bcontacted cisolated dcombined 6 My elder brother has been very interested................. photography since he was at school. aat bon cfor din 22  Language notes boost 1 boost - raise - increase - expand ) ‫ ٌزٌد (األرباح أو المبٌعات عندما تكون أقل من المطلوب‬/ ‫ٌعزز‬ Oil exports boosted the economy. raise )‫ المستوٌات‬/ ‫ المعاٌٌر‬/ ‫ ٌرفع (األسعار‬/ ‫ٌعزز‬ The bank has raised interest rates for the third time this year. increase )‫ ٌزداد (عد ًدا أو كمٌة أو درجة‬/ ‫ٌزٌد‬ We need to increase the number of police officers on the streets. expand ‫ ٌتمدد‬/ ‫ ٌتسع‬/ ‫ٌوسع‬ Metals expand when they are heated. 2 advertisement - announcement advertisment ‫إعالن عن منتج أو افتتاح مكان تجارى أو وظٌفة‬ The organisers of the concert had taken out a full page advertisment in the newspaper. announcement ‫ تصرٌح‬/ ‫ إذاعة خبر‬/ ‫إعالن عن‬ the minister made an important announcement at a news conference. organ 3 organ - member ‫عضو من أعضاء الجسم‬ the brain organises the work of other organs in your body. member ‫ فرد فً مجموعة كناد أو فرٌق‬/ ‫عضو‬ To achieve success, everyone must work as a member of a team. spend 4 spend ً ‫ٌنفق‬ ‫(ماال) على‬ The young boy spends all his pocket money on buying new video games. spend ‫ٌقضى الوقت فً شًء أو أداء شًء‬ Father doesn't have much free time as he spends his time in his office..spend ‫) بعد‬verb +ing( ً‫الحظ ٌأت‬ Mrs Reda spent all the day preparing for her daughter's birthday party. 23  champion 5 champion - hero ً‫بطل رٌاض‬ Hedaya Malak is an Egyptian champion who won an Olympic medal in Taekwondo. hero ‫بطل فً المجتمع أو فً قصة أو فٌلم أو مسرحٌة‬ The young actor was chose as the hero of the new series about space. 4 two - day (course) two-day course ‫منهج تعلٌمً لمدة ٌومٌن‬ )course( ‫ ) فً صٌغة المفرد فً مثل هذه التعبٌرات أي اتباعها باسم‬two –day( ‫الحظ استخدام كلمة‬.‫وإذا أردنا الجمع نجمع ما بعدها من أسماء‬ two-way streets ‫شوارع كل منها ذو اتجاهٌن‬ ten-minute breaks ‫فسح ؟استراحات كل استراحة منها عشر دقائق‬ Check point 3 Vocabulary 1 The coach insists that every team.................must attend early-morning training. a part bindividual cmember dorgan 2 My grandfather used to spend most of the afternoon................. to songs by Om Kolthoum. a listen blistened clistens dlistening 3 My brother is doing a................. course on web designing at the university centre. atwo-week btwo-weeks ctwo-week's dtwo weeks' 4 The real................. of the war were the young men who fought on the front lines. achampions bheroes cactors dorgans 5 The businessman took a loan from the bank to................. his factory building another section. araise bdecrease cincrease dexpand 24  Reading and listening Reading Text (1) Workbook To : [email protected] From : [email protected] Dear Health Today, My cousins, Imad and Munir, are visiting me again for a few (1) ‫سرور‬/‫سعادة‬ days, and it’s always a pleasure to see them. (1) Unfortunately(2), because they are both less than seven years (2) ‫لسوء الحظ‬ old, they sometimes forget how important it is to keep clean (3) ‫اإلنفلونزا‬ and stay healthy. At the moment, many people in my area have the flu(3) and so these things are even more important (4) ‫يقنع‬ than usual. What can I do to persuade (4) my cousins to change (5) ‫يكح‬/‫يسعل‬ how they behave? They often come very close to show me things, like photos they have taken on their phones or (6) ‫ُيـذكر‬ something funny that they have found. And when they cough(5) , they do not cover their mouths. They don’t seem to understand why it is so important and it worries me a lot. I’m also worried when I see them come inside because I don’t think that they always wash their hands after they have been playing outside, touching things and getting dirty. They will clean their hands when I ask them, but I always have to remind(6) them to do it. I have heard that young children don’t usually get very sick from flu and so they don’t give the flu to older people, but I don’t know if that is true. Do you think that I am right to worry? I look forward to hearing from you. Yours, Shady 25  Reading Text (2) Hi, Fares, (1) ‫منهج تعليمى‬ How are you? (2) ‫يلتحق بـ‬/‫ينضم‬ It’s great that some of your friends are going to take a first (3) ‫يفكر بسرعة‬ aid course(1) next week! I really think you should join(2) them (4) ‫يبقى هادئـًا‬ because everyone has to know how to do first aid. You never know when someone you know will injure themselves and (5) ‫خبيرا‬ ً ‫يصبح‬ you’ll have to help them. You would want other people to help you too, Right? I’m sure you would be great at doing first aid because you can think fast(3) and you know how to stay calm(4) in difficult situations. You don’t have to become an expert(5) , just learn enough so you can help someone until the emergency services arrive. The two-day course your friends want to do sounds perfect. Talk to you soon! Mahmoud Video Script (Unit 1) Have you heard of CPR? It’s short for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and (1) ‫يستجيب‬ it’s a technique you perform on a person who isn’t responding(1) and isn’t breathing. CPR can help someone to stay alive until an ambulance(2) arrives. (2) ‫عربة اإلسعاف‬ So, before you start performing CPR on someone, you need to call an (3) ‫قاعدة‬/‫أساس‬ ambulance. Then while you’re waiting for the ambulance, you can start performing CPR with your hands. This is the easiest way of performing (4) ‫عظمة‬ CPR and the technique that’s used the most often. (5) ‫يكرر‬ Start by getting down on the floor next to the person and putting the base(3) of your hand on the bone(4) in the centre of their chest. Then put your other hand on top of that hand and put the fingers from both hands together. Move so that your shoulders are above your hands and press 5 or 6 centimetres down onto the person’s chest. Then keep your hands on the person’s chest, but stop pressing on it. The chest will come back up again. Repeat(5) this one hundred, or one hundred and twenty times a minute, every minute until the ambulance arrives. 26  Listening Text Our organs(1) are the parts of our bodies that help us to do (1) ‫أعضاء‬ things, like the brain(2) that thinks, or the heart that sends blood around our bodies. The immune system(3) comes from the (2) ‫مخ‬ cells and organs that work together to protect us from (4) (5) (3) ‫الجهاز المناعى‬ diseases. The immune system does this by destroying(6) things that (4) ‫خاليا‬ get into our bodies like viruses. A virus (7) is a very, very small (5) ‫يحمى‬ thing that causes a disease. The disease could be something ordinary(8) , like the kind of cold we all get sometimes, or it could (6) ‫تدمير‬ be something serious like COVID-19, which first appeared at the (7) ‫فيروس‬ end of 2019. When a virus gets into a part of the body, a message is sent to (8) ‫عادى‬ the immune system. Then the immune system reacts by sending (9) ‫منفصل‬ cells to find the virus. Cells are the smallest, separate(9) living things in our bodies and they are small enough to fight against a (10) ‫يعزز‬/‫يدع‬ disease. (11) ‫بانتظام‬ Some people’s immune systems work better than other people’s. We all want our immune systems to be strong so we can (12) ‫تغطية‬ stay healthy, so what can we do to help? We can boost(10) our immune system by eating a lot of fruit and vegetables, especially vegetables with green leaves. We also need to exercise regularly(11). We don’t have to run 50 kilometres every day, but we need to be as active as possible. We also need to make sure that we get enough sleep. For most people that means at least seven hours every night. Finally, we must do things like washing our hands regularly, which will help us to avoid getting a virus or an infection in the first place. We also need to do things like covering(12) our mouths when we cough to stop other people getting an infection or virus. 27  Exercises on Vocabulary Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d 1 It is a fact that a healthy person's red................. count is close to 1,000. aorgan b molecule ccell datom 2 Symptoms of the COVid-19 Illness include a high temperature and a persistent dry.................. acoughing bcoughing csmiling dsmelling 3 Lawyers should be able to provide all the legal................. their clients need. asupport b risk cneglect ddisagreement 4 The police officers found no................. evidence of illegal activity in the fire. aaffecting bdefective cpersuasive dmoving 5 Experts say that a healthy................. includes fresh vegetables and fruit. aorder bright cfight ddiet 6 Some people suggested that animals................. differently before the last earthquake. atreated bbehaved cpunished drewarded 7 My colleague................. me that we had in fact met before, at a conference in Cairo. a reminded bremembered cmentioned dapplauded 8 By law, an employer can't fire someone without a valid.................for doing so. areason bresult cresult dcause 9 The economists say that money is needed to................. the tourism industry in Egypt. adecrease bprove craise dboost 10 It would be difficult to................. Nagy to leave his present job for a new one. apersuade bmake clet demploy 11 Luckily I was able to correct the................. I made in the report before my boss saw it. aachievement bcourse cfavour dmistake 12 All Egyptian squash champions are sorry that their game is not included in the................. Games. aAthletic bOlympic cAdvanced dCompetitive 13 The doctor said that my health can................. if l change to a less stressful job. aincrease bimprove crise dtrain 14 The................. system is the system by which your body protects itself against disease. adigestive bimmune crespiratory dnerve 15 The young actors have been very busy since the................. of their wedding. aannouncement badvertisement csummary doption 16 Students who aren't hard workers are always worried.................exams. a about babout cwith d in 28 17 Mona read the whole research and.................notes of the main points. adid bmade cperformed dacted 18 Please, read the................. notes at the front of the book. They will help you a lot. aexplain bunexplained cexplanatory dexplanatory 19 The manager wouldn't give you the job in the first................. if he didn't think you could do it. aplace blocation cposition darea 20 He can only walk with the assistance of crutches The word "assistance" is similar in meaning to the word ".................". aexport bimport creport dsupport 21 You shouldn't try to................. first aid to anyone unless you are trained well. amake bdevise cdo dexplore 22 The air hostess asked the passengers not to leave their seats and................. calm. abehave bremind cmove dstay 23 We have made an important................. to our fashion collection recently. aadd baddition cadditional dadded 24 The high cost of the drug can hinder its use. The word "hinder" can be the opposite of the word ".................". aadd bjoin cboost dseparate 25 My parents refused to let me go out because my reasons were not persuasive to them. The synonym of the word "persuasive" is".................". a convincing bargumentative ctricky ddiscouraging 26 The immune system sends................. to find the virus that attacks your body. a seals bsales csoils dcells 27 Athletes must understand the importance of................. their hearts regularly. achanging bshaking csharing dchecking 28 I'm going to take a five-.................course on how to cook Spanish dishes. aday bdays' cdays dday's 29 We must................. our immune systems to enjoy good health. aboast bboost cburst dpaste 30 Our science teacher always supports us so much. "Support" here is an antonym for".................". aassist bdisappoint cassess dlet 29  Grammar 1 Necessity ‫الضرورة‬ Need / Needs (to) ‫يحتاج‬ Form ‫التكوين‬ Sub + need / needs to) + inf. I need to buy the newspaper today. Negative ‫النفى‬ Sub+ don't / doesn't need(to) + inf. He doesn't need to buy the newspaper today. Question ) ‫السؤال ( بأداة استفهام‬ Q.W + do / does + sub + need to + inf. +................ ? What do you need to do ? Question ) ‫السؤال ( بـــهل‬ Do /Does + sub + need to + inf. +................ ? Do you need to buy the newspaper today ? notes. ‫ البداء الراى وما نراه ضروريا أو نوصى شخصا بفعل شئ‬must or have to ‫نستخدم‬ It's later than thought. I must go. / I have to go I haven't spoken to Noha for ages.I must phone her. / I have to phone her. to ‫ وبعدها‬a ‫ كاسم ياتى قبلها‬must ‫عندما نستخدم‬ It is a must to economise on water. ‫ ينطبق على الباقين‬must ‫ وبعدها الشخص وما ينطبق على‬for ‫عندما نخصص الضرورة نستخدم‬ It is a must for him to save a lot of money to buy another flat. 30  Exercises on Grammar Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d 1 I can go with you to the cinema tonight as I.................hand over the homework tomorrow. a have to b should cdon't need to dhad to 2 You.................be late. It's the most important meeting of the year. a mustn't bhave to c don't have to dmust 3 If you want to be a professional player, you................. practise every day. amustn't bdon't have to chad to dhave to 4 You................. buy that book. You can borrow mine. amustn't bneedn't cshouldn't dcan't 5 You.................speak so loudly on your mobile phone. It's very annoying. aneedn't bshould cdon't have to dmustn't 6 My car didn't start yesterday, sol................. get a bus. ahave to bhad to c need to dmust 7 We.................leave now as somebody else needs this room. a have got to bneedn't c don't have to dcan't 8 In some countries, children................. wear school uniforms. ahas to bmustn't cdon't need to ddoesn't need to 9 We................. get ready now. The train leaves in five minutes. a needn't b need to cdon't need to d shouldn't 10 There's no hurry. You................. finish that report until Friday of next week. amust bhave to cdon't have to dmustn't 11 You.................walk up the hill because there's a bus. adon't have to bmust cmustn't dhave to 12 Athletes................. get a special heart examination; it is safer to do this. a mustn't bmust cdon't have to ddidn't have to 13 As you've already phoned Mona, I................. her myself. adidn't have to phone bneedn't phone cmustn't have phoned dhad to phone 14 Yesterday, I................. work for 12 hours to finish the task. ahad to bhave to cwill have to dmust 15 You................. drive fast in the city centre. It's very dangerous. amust bmustn't cdon't have to dhave to 16 We................. buy souvenirs for our friends while we're here. a mustn't bhad to cmust ddidn't have to 17 A: Does Ahmed................. study very much tonight? B: No, he doesn't. a have to bmust chas to dallow to 31 18 If you take a sick leave for three days, you................. bring in a doctor's note or you won't get paid. ahave to bcan cshould d are allowed to 19 The sign says, "No parking". That means you.................. ashouldn't have to leave your car here bmustn't to leave your car here ccannot leave your car here dcannot be leaving your car here 20 Do you know if we................. have visas to visit Jordan? adon't need bneedn't chave to dneed 21.................immigrate and leave your family alone without a breadwinner ? aNeed you bNeed you to c You needn't dYou need to 22 It's.................for every students to study hard and get high marks. aoptional bforbidden cnecessity da must 23 "It isn't necessary for us to leave soon." This means that we................. soon. a didn't need to leave bneedn't have left cneedn't to leave dneedn't leave 24 You cannot wash these Curtains. They.................. amustn't be dry-cleaned bmust have been dry-cleaned chave to be dry-cleaned dhave been dry-cleaned 25................ to see a doctor. you're perfectly healthy. aYou mustn't bIt isn't necessary cYou needn't dYou have 26 you have to see the headteacher at 3 o'clock. lt has the same meaning as ".................". a You could see the headteacher at 3 o'clock b It's necessary for you to see the headteacher at 3 o'clock cYou needn't have seen the headteacher at 3 o'clock dYou aren't allowed to see the headteacher at 3 o'clock 27 One of the following options makes the sentence express a lack of necessity. You................. go there with me. l can handle it; it's not difficult. amust bmustn't c needn't dhad better 28 One of the following answers is incorrect. He didn't go to the park with us yesterday because he................. a report. a needn't have written bwas obliged to write c had to write dneeded to write 32  Test on lesson 3&4 A. Vocabulary and Structures 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d : 1 My sister couldn't go but with us as she................. the flu and was staying in bed. adid bhad cmade d felt 2 The surgeon performed an emergency operation because he/she knew how serious the.................was. alocation boccasion csite dsituation 3 It is hoped that the wounded soldier will.................better soon. aget bgo ccarry dfall 4 Working in this luxurious hotel really sounds................. for a fresh graduate. aworse bterrible cperfect dvague 5 The liver is an extremely complex.................which needs special care. amember borgan c individual dplace 6 Karam Gaber is a former Olympic wrestling.................who won a gold medal in 2004. ahero bpartner ctrainee dchampion 7 I'm taking a................. in graphic design because I have a good job opportunity. asystem bsyllabus ccourse dcentre 8 You................. get off the bus before it stops. It's dangerous. a shouldn't boughtn't to ccan d mustn't 9 They................. to come early. They can come whenever they're ready. adon't need bneedn't chave ddidn't have 10 You................. come to see us at the weekend. We miss you very much. a mustn't b don't have to c needn't dmust 11 Omar.................finish the report quickly because the deadline is today at 4 pm. ahad to bneedn't chas got to dhave to 12 Marwa................. email her homework to her teacher because she forgot to take it to class yesterday. adoesn't have to bhave to chad to dneedn't 13 A: Does Ramy................. study very much tonight? B: No, he doesn't. He reviewed a lot last night and he understood everything well. ahas to bhave to cmust dneeds to 14 Judy................. go to the supermarket because she doesn't have enough food for dinner. aneedn't bhave to chas to dmustn't 33  15 Ahmed:................. pay to see the doctor? Amr: No, she................. because she has medical insurance. aDoes your sister have to/doesn't bDid your sister have to/did c Must your sister/mustn't dIs it necessary for your sister to/isn't A. Reading Comprehension 2 Read the following passage then answer the questions : Everyone likes to stay fit and healthy, but not everyone succeeds in doing that. Staying healthy is important to ensure a happy life. There are two main tips that people have to follow in order to stay healthy. One of the most helpful ways to stay healthy is to have healthy food and eat it at an appropriate time. Healthy eating is the comerstone in preventing our health from many conditions such as diabetes, heart diseases, cancer and blood pressure. Junk foods should be avoided. Instead of having these fast and unhealthy foods, the diet should contain leafy vegetables, fresh vegetables, fruits, milk and fish. One's diet has a key impact on their overall health. Healthy food gives an individual strength and even improves their appearance. Healthy food is good for both an individual's body and skin. Exercising is a physical activity that enhances physical fitness and health. For instance, walking and cycling are the important exercise that the human should do to ensure keeping the body healthy and fit. Therefore, find some time about 30 minutes per day to do exercises. Being healthy is not hard to control, be active and be healthy A Choose the correct answer : 17The main idea of the passage is how to.................. aexercise beat healthy food c lead a healthy life dbe active 18 The underlined word "tips" in the passage means ".............. " aadvice bchance cmoney dends 19 It's important to eat healthy food at a / an............... time. abad bsuitable c usual d unusual 20 According to the passage ,.................. are the most important exercises for us. aswimming and running bwalking and riding bikes c swimming and riding bikes dplaying football and riding bikes 21............. is enough daily time to do exercises. aHalf an hour bQuarter of an hour c One hour dTwo hours 22 Healthy eating prevents many............... such as diabetes. avegetable bexercises cfast food ddiseases 34 23 Healthy food makes us............. astressed bweak cbad dstrong 24 A good diet should contain................. afruit and vegetables bsweets c junk food and vegetables dpizza 3 Choose the correct Arabic translation 24 A healthy lifestyle has become more important with the spread of new diseases. Healthy food and sport are the most important factors of that style. ‫ واٌغزاء اٌصؽٍ واٌشَاظح ِٓ أهُ ػىاًِ رٌه‬،‫أ أصثػ أسٍىب اٌؽُاج اٌصؽٍ ألً أهُّح ِغ أرشاس أِشاض ظذَذج‬.‫األسٍىب‬ ‫ واٌغزاء اٌصؽٍ واٌشَاظح ِٓ أهُ ػىاًِ رٌه‬،‫ب أصثػ أسٍىب اٌؽُاج اٌصؽٍ أوصش أهُّح ِغ أرشاس أِشاض ظذَذج‬.‫األسٍىب‬.‫ واٌغزاء اٌصؽٍ واٌشَاظح ِٓ أهُ ٔرائط رٌه األسٍىب‬،‫ج أصثػ أسٍىب اٌؽُاج اٌصؽٍ أوصش أهُّح ِغ أرشاس أِشاض ظذَذج‬ ‫ واٌغزاء اٌصؽٍ واٌشَاظح ِٓ أهُ ِؽذداخ رٌه‬،‫د أصثػ أسٍىب اٌؽُاج اٌصؽٍ أوصش أهُّح ِغ ػالض أِشاض ظذَذج‬.‫األسٍىب‬ 4 Choose the correct English translation : ‫ ِغ أصِح فُشوط وىسؤا تشصخ أهُّح اٌرؼٍُُ ػثش اإلٔرشٔد؛ ؼُس أصثػ اٌؽً اٌىؼُذ إلوّاي اٌطالب ذؼٍُّهُ تؼذ غٍك‬25.ٌُ‫اٌّذاسط واٌعاِؼاخ فٍ وصُش ِٓ دوي اٌؼا‬ a With the coronavirus crisis, the importance of online education has emerged. lt has become the only solution for students to complete their education after the closure of schools and universities in many continents of the world. b With the coronavirus crisis, the importance of online education has reduced. lt has become the only solution for students to complete their education after the closure of schools and universities in many countries of the world. c With the coronavirus crisis, the importance of online education has emerged. lt has become the only solution for students to complete their education after the closure of schools and universities in many countries of the world. d With the coronavirus crisis, the importance of online education has emerged. lt has become the only tactic for students to complete their education after the closure of schools and universities in many countries of the world. C.Writing 5 Write an essay of about the hundred and EIGHTY (180) words on the following: "How the internet has changed the world of work nowadays" 35  Test on Unit 1 A. Vocabulary and Structures 1 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d : 1 As she is very sick, Mona taught her children to call the................. services if something bad happened to her. aaccuracy binfection cemergency d inquiry 2 The new factory placed a/an................. in the local paper asking for a sales manager. asituation badvertisement c experience dannouncement 3 A/An................. computer can be used to send out spam emails or attack other computers without your knowledge. ainfected binfected cdamaged dimmune 4 Some college students choose to................. their course after the first year at a certain department. amake brun cchang