Science Test Review PDF

**Science Test Review** Prey; an animal that is caught and killed by another for food. Predator: an animal that naturally preys on an animal. Endangered species: any type of plant or animal that is in danger of disappearing forever. Carrying Capacity: of an environment is the maximum population...

**Science Test Review** Prey; an animal that is caught and killed by another for food. Predator: an animal that naturally preys on an animal. Endangered species: any type of plant or animal that is in danger of disappearing forever. Carrying Capacity: of an environment is the maximum population it can support based on the food, water, and resources available Ecological Balance: refers to the state of equilibrium (balance) in the community of organisms in an ecosystem. Matter cycling: is the process of matter moving from one form to another, and from one location to another. There are three forms of matter cycling: cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Food web: is a diagram that shows multiple connections between different organizations Biomass: is the total measure of energy of living organisims within an ecosystem Decomposers: are living things that get their energy by breaking down dead plants and animals. Ecosystems: consists of living and non-living things within an area Invasive species: a living thing brought to a new habitat, often causing damage to the new environment. Biodiversity: Is the variety of life and organisms in a habitat or ecosystem Biotic vs Abiotic Biotic Factors: are all the living things in an ecosystem. E.g. mammals, humans, insects, fungi, bacteria These biotic factors are divided into 3 groups Autotrophs: (producers) are the organisms that produce their food E.g. plants Heterotrophs: (consumers) are organisms that cannot make their food and rely on other plants and animals. Detritivores: (decomposers) are organisms that break down organic matter into simpler forms so that they can be reused Abiotic Factors: to all the non-living things that are found in an ecosystem and are needed for living things. E.g. sunlight, temperature, humidity, atmosphere, and acidity For water ecosystems, some abiotic factors it needs are water clarity, water pressure, and tides. Animal Classification Animals are usually classified by what they eat. These classifications are herbivores, carnivores and Omnivores. Carnivores: are animals that only eat meat from other animals E.g. lions, tigers, owls, snakes, and spiders. Omnivores: are animals that eat both plants and animal meat. E.g. raccoons, mice, squirrels, bears, and even humans Herbivores: are animals that only eat plants. E.g. deer, rabbits, giraffes, and cows Succession Succession: is a series of changes in ecosystems over time. There are two types of ecological succession which are primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession: is when a new land is formed or bare rock is exposed, creating a place for a new habitat. Secondary succession: is when an ecosystem/habitat has been affected by a disturbance that killed all or most of its species and is rebuilt. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6\. How can we protect the environment? What is the Indigenous perspective on the environment? WE can protect the environment by conserving energy using renewable resources like oxygen(wind), water, sunlight (sun), and wood.We can also protect the environment by using proper recycling,and having sustainable food choices.The Indigenous perspective on how we can protect the environment is by creating a protected area for endangerd animals/ species. 7\. What is a biomass pyramid? How do you create a biomass pyramid? Who is located on the top of the biomass pyramid? Who is located on the bottom? A biomass pyramid is used to graph the energy transfer between organisms.On the bottom of a biomass are the producers and at the top are the apex predators, and to create a biomass pyramid you first have to classify what the organism fits in with the category for example grass is a producer so it will go at the bottom of the graph.