Sample Corrected American Test Declaration Constit_1 PDF

THE AMERICAN TEST DECLARATION CONSTITUTION By Alexander Higgins The American Test is also known as: The Exact Quotes Test and The Article-Section-Text Method There are four books...

THE AMERICAN TEST DECLARATION CONSTITUTION By Alexander Higgins The American Test is also known as: The Exact Quotes Test and The Article-Section-Text Method There are four books total in The American Test Courses and Exams series. In addition to this black coursebook, there are three exam books: (White) The American Test Exam Book 1 (Red) The American Test Exam Book 2 (Blue) The American Test Answer Key  TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Premise and Theory……………………………………………………………………….. I Technicalities of the Course and Recommended Exam Policy…………………………. IV About the Flags…………………………………………………………………………..VII Recommendations for Further Studies……………………………………………………IX The American Test: The Constitutional Course……………………………………………….1 Instructions and Strategies………………………………………..……………..…………2 Declaration of Independence Quotes Identification Exercises……..………….……………3 Preamble and Main Body Quotes Identification Exercises……..…………………………22 Bill of Rights Quotes Identification Exercises………………..………………..…………63 General Knowledge Quotes Identification Exercises…………..……………..…………..69 Amendments 11 to 27 Quotes Identification Exercises…………..…………..…………70 Original Articles and Sections Writing Exercise…………………….……………………..93 Amendments Writing Exercise……………………………………………………………95 Declaration of Independence Writing Exercise……………………………………………97 The Preamble & The Sword and Purse Commentaries and Questions.………………………98 Declaration of Independence (Full/Regular Text)…….……………………………………100 Constitution for the United States (Full/Regular Text)…………………………..…………105 Glossary of Constitutional Terms……………………………….…………….……………123 Answer Key…………………………………………………………………….……………136  The Coursebook The American Test course is composed of 155 multiple-choice questions or prompts that require the identification of true quotes from the United States Constitution. In addition, the coursebook contains a full-text copy of the Constitution and a glossary to improve comprehension. To complement the 155 multiple-choice quote exercises, there is a writing exercise in which a course participant describes each article, section, and amendment with as few or as many words as they see fit. Regarding price, coursebooks are a fraction of the cost of most social science text books used in high schools and colleges while yielding a fundamental constitutional education in a more effective manner. The American Test will provide education that is central and needed in 21st-century America with superior speed, objectivity, and affordability. [After March 2024, 50 additional learning exercises were added to the coursebook along with the full text of the Declaration of Independence: 40 covering the Declaration of Independence and 10 more covering provisions of the Constitution. There is also a full or regular text copy of the DOI with a writing exercise on its relation to the Constitution.] The Exam For testing, the American Test examinations are composed of six different 50-question versions: Exam Versions A, B, C, D, E, and F. The sum of all exam version questions (from A, B, C, D, E, and F) will be drawn from 150 of the coursebook’s U.S. Constitution learning exercises. Those coursebook learning exercises are composed of two parts; 150 x 2 = 300; 300 is equal to the 50+50+50+50+50+50 questions from Exams A, B, C, D, E, and F. A person being tested could get Exam A, B, C, D, E, or F, so they should read the entire Preamble, Main Body, and all amendments for preparation. [In the future, Exams G and H will be added to the set, be composed of 50 questions each, and cover all of the Declaration of Independence’s ratified text. Exams A, B, C, D, E, or F have already been published; Exams G and H will be.] Uniformity The format of the American Test will be the same throughout all states, cities, and institutions in America. The only difference will be in the required scores for official certification at different institutions. Military and law enforcement officers will have to score higher for their American Test certification than a high school student wishing to earn a diploma: same exam versions, but different score requirements for different institutions. Proposed Exam Score Requirements for Members of the Different Institutions − To achieve a high school diploma or GED, 60 percent − To enlist in the United States Military, 70 percent − To graduate from a public college, 80 percent − To become a U.S. Military Officer, 90 percent − To become a local, state, or federal law enforcement officer, 90 percent − To become a government employee, 70 percent V  DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WRITING EXERCISE For this writing exercise, use the coursebook's full-text copy of the Declaration of Independence (see the table of contents). For each number, rephrase the segment of DOI text that precedes the number in your own words When applicable, try to relate the segments of the DOI text to specific parts of the U.S. Constitution using the Article-Section-Text Method. In other words, name the particular article, section, text, and amendment of the Constitution that you believe to have a direct historical connection to a DOI text segment and describe how the pieces from both documents are related to each other (see picture and example answer below). DOI Text with Numbers Sample Picture Number 11 is assigned to the segment of DOI text pointing in the direction of the arrow. Number 11 relates directly to this DOI text: “He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.” This is an example of an answer or explanation for Number 11: King George (Great Britain’s executive) had great power over judicial officers. The British king could remove judges from office at any time in addition to controlling their pay. This accusation about the British King’s tyranny may have influenced Article 3, Section 1 of the Constitution. Article 3-1 states that judges of the supreme and inferior courts shall hold their positions during “good behavior” and will receive pay that never diminishes. The term “good behavior” could refer to conduct that is not an impeachable offense, as described in Article 2, Section 4. An executive under the Constitution does not have authority over impeachment. Instead of the executive, a multi-representative legislature (Congress) has power over impeachment. Furthermore, according to Article 2, Section 2, the executive has some power over judicial appointments, but the appointments must be approved by the Senate (“two-thirds of the members present”). Unlike the power exercised by King George, the Constitution prevents American executives from having a monopoly over judicial pay, appointments, and removal. 97  A NOTE ABOUT THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE FORMAT IN THIS BOOK In the picture below, you will see lines with numbers separating segments of text from the Declaration of Independents (DOI). In the original cursive DOI, there were lines separating text but no numbers on the lines. In this coursebook, the numbers were placed on the lines for the writing exercises (see table of contents). Coursebook Format Original Declaration of Independence 101  IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776 THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.____1____ We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.____2____ He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.____3____ He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.____4____ He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.____5____ He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.____6____ He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.____7____ He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.____8____ He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.____9____ He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.____10____ He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.____11____ He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.____12____ He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.____13____ He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.____14____ He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:____15____ For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:____16____ For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:____17____ For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:____18____ For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:____19____ For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:____20____ For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:____21____ For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:____22____ For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering 102  THE PREAMBLE & THE SWORD AND PURSE COMMENTARIES AND QUESTIONS Preamble Commentaries: In 1788, Alexander Hamilton gave an opinion on the Preamble in Federalist No. 84. This work of Hamilton's addressed concerns surrounding "The Bill of Rights," or a bill of rights, that was later ratified in 1791: Here, in strictness, the people surrender nothing; and as they retain every thing they have no need of particular reservations. "WE, THE PEOPLE of the United States, to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ORDAIN and ESTABLISH this Constitution for the United States of America.'' Here is a better recognition of popular rights, than volumes of those aphorisms which make the principal figure in several of our State bills of rights, and which would sound much better in a treatise of ethics than in a constitution of government. According to Judge Joseph Story, written in 1833 and republished in 2005 by the Lonang Institute, from Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, paragraphs 459, 462, and 463: Paragraph 459: The importance of examining the preamble, for the purpose of expounding the language of a statute, has been long felt, and universally conceded in all juridical discussions. It is an admitted maxim in the ordinary course of the administration of justice, that the preamble of a statute is a key to open the mind of the makers, as to the mischiefs, which are to be remedied, and the objects, which are to be accomplished by the provisions of the statute. Paragraph 462:... we must guard ourselves against an error, which is too often allowed to creep into the discussions upon this subject. The preamble never can be resorted to, to enlarge the powers confided to the general government, or any of its departments. It cannot confer any power per se; it can never amount, by implication, to an enlargement of any power expressly given. It can never be the legitimate source of any implied power, when otherwise withdrawn from the constitution. Its true office is to expound the nature, and extent, and application of the powers actually conferred by the constitution, and not substantively to create them. Paragraph 463: We have already had occasion, in considering the nature of the constitution, to dwell upon the terms, in which the preamble is conceived, and the proper conclusion deducible from it. It is an act of the people, and not of the states in their political capacities. It is an ordinance or establishment of government and not a compact, though originating in consent; and it binds as a fundamental law promulgated by the sovereign authority, and not as a compact or treaty entered into and in fieri, between each and all the citizens of the United States, as distinct parties... We have the strongest assurances, that this preamble was not adopted as a mere formulary; but as a solemn promulgation of a fundamental fact, vital to the character and operations of the government. The obvious object was to substitute a government of the people, for a confederacy of states; a constitution for a compact. In the year 2023, according to the website, United States Courts (www.uscourts.gov): The preamble... clearly communicates the intentions of the framers and the purpose of the document. The preamble is an introduction to the highest law of the land; it is not the law. It does not define government powers or individual rights. 98 Preamble Questions: Is the Constitution’s Preamble binding law (a legal parameter that must be obeyed) or a philosophical statement meant to be considered but optional to obey, or is it something else? If it were somehow possible for officials to legislate, enforce, and judge according to all parameters of the main articles and amendments of the Constitution while the actions were grossly contrary to the goal or goals listed in the Preamble, would those actions be constitutional or unconstitutional? If the Preamble is law, how was it originally intended to be applied? Can the Preamble be used by itself, or must it be applied in conjunction with other powers or restrictions listed in the main articles and amendments of the Constitution? The Sword and Purse: This power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded as the most complete and effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm the immediate representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress of every grievance, and for carrying into effect every just and salutary measure. -- James Madison, Federalist No. 58, 1788 The Executive not only dispenses the honors, but holds the sword of the community. The legislature not only commands the purse, but prescribes the rules by which the duties and rights of every citizen are to be regulated. The judiciary, on the contrary, has no influence over either the sword or the purse; no direction either of the strength or of the wealth of the society; and can take no active resolution whatever. It may truly be said to have neither FORCE nor WILL, but merely judgment; and must ultimately depend upon the aid of the executive arm even for the efficacy of its judgments. -- Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78, 1788 What articles and sections of the U.S. Constitution address the elections of representatives and the passing of spending bills? What should American citizens be more concerned with: Supreme Court decisions or the executive entities that Congress funds? What will more effectively stop corrupt executive actions: a Bill of Rights argument in a court of law or wisely chosen representatives? Does your state constitution list a protocol where the state legislature can authorize or restrict funding to the governor? How is a spending bill passed according to your state constitution? Where is that protocol listed in your state constitution? 99 If you believe that this course and exam method will improve constitutional education, tell educators, students, and your local, state, and federal government officials about The American Test.  TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Premise and Theory……………………………………………………………………….. I Technicalities of the Course and Recommended Exam Policy…………………………. IV About the Flags…………………………………………………………………………..VII Recommendations for Further Studies……………………………………………………IX The American Test: The Constitutional Course……………………………………………….1 Instructions and Strategies………………………………………..……………..…………2 Declaration of Independence Quotes Identification Exercises……..………….……………3 Preamble and Main Body Quotes Identification Exercises……..…………………………22 Bill of Rights Quotes Identification Exercises………………..………………..…………63 General Knowledge Quotes Identification Exercises…………..……………..…………..69 Amendments 11 to 27 Quotes Identification Exercises…………..…………..…………70 Original Articles and Sections Writing Exercise…………………….……………………..93 Amendments Writing Exercise……………………………………………………………95 Declaration of Independence Writing Exercise……………………………………………97 The Preamble & The Sword and Purse Commentaries and Questions.………………………98 Declaration of Independence (Full/Regular Text)…….……………………………………100 Constitution for the United States (Full/Regular Text)…………………………..…………105 Glossary of Constitutional Terms……………………………….…………….……………123 Answer Key…………………………………………………………………….……………136  INTRODUCTION: PREMISE AND THEORY This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof... shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby... The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution... -- Articles VI of the United States Constitution The purpose of the American Test is to improve society. Constitutional education and exams are the improvement tools of the American Test. This coursebook's learning exercises and education proposal were created in accordance with the following: The Declaration of Independence marks the birth of our nation and lists historical events influential on the later Constitution (the supreme law of the land). Widespread and thorough study of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution is paramount to liberty, security, and wealth for United States citizens. Knowledge of the Declaration of Independence (DOI) and Constitution will enhance the fairness and effectiveness of judgment, law enforcement, legislation, and voting. Government members who affirm or swear to the Constitution cannot consistently defend it unless they know it. If they do not know it, constitutional defense will only occur in particular situations where either natural instincts or agency protocols happen to match the document. The first necessary step in upholding the Constitution is learning the document’s ratified text. Studying the Declaration of Independence will also be useful to that goal. The DOI and Constitution are relatively short documents. Their combined size is approximately 10 percent the length of the average college textbook. Their small word length also contrasts greatly with larger, famous works, such as Plato’s Republic, Aristotle’s Politics, and the Bible. Most Americans, including those with duties outside of legal or historical professions, have the time to study such short documents. Thoroughly studying the entire Constitution’s and DOI’s text is a practical and virtuous goal for most citizens. Being the nation’s central documents, the ratified text of the DOI and Constitution should be the focus of the American social sciences, second to none. For their students and employees, government institutions should mandate time for the thorough study and testing of the Founders’ and Framers’ words before all other social studies. Minimum constitutional test scores should be required for employment at or graduation from public institutions (military, high schools, colleges, local tax offices, state police departments, et cetera). Widespread constitutional education will cause more balanced power between citizens and government and between one group of citizens and another group of citizens. Command of the Framers’ text is a needed safeguard against the persuasion of sophists and demagogues. Against the will of deviant officials, citizens and statesmen will more effectively and justly leverage their positions for government operations with constitutional prowess. The education method that is based on the ability to recognize the correct text of the Constitution and the location of the text by article, amendment, and section is the Article-Section-Text Method. The Article-Section-Text Method is a repeatable technique or strategy that will consistently improve knowledge of the Constitution for almost all that utilize it. In addition, the method is useful for evaluating speeches, judicial opinions, legislation, police actions, history lessons, and other public matters in terms of our Constitution. (The Declaration of Independence I is not divided into articles and sections like the Constitution, but the text recognition aspect can be applied to the DOI.) Determining a citizen’s knowledge of all constitutional issues is impossible. However, at least a significant portion of constitutional know-how is measurable in a scientific or logically sound manner. The ability to identify the official text of the Constitution and DOI apart from incorrect text can be quantified with great accuracy. Quantifying citizens’ knowledge of where constitutional text is located by article, amendment, and section is just as practical. For teaching and testing, by using the purest forms of the nation’s founding documents (ratified or unaltered text), the Article-Section-Text Method yields a central and measurable standard for American social science. The total extent of "thorough constitutional education" is impossible to define, but the term is partially definable to a useful extent. Familiarity with exact text and structure is a defining and irreplaceable element of a thorough constitutional education, and, once again, this is measurable with the Article-Section-Text Method. Before allowing the persuasion of interpretations, the DOI’s and Constitution’s superficial (or plain) text and structure should be well known. Only after studying the documents’ text can we accurately label interpretations (peer-reviewed articles, judicial opinions, political speeches, et cetera) as wisdom, sophistry, or legal error. Without prestigious educations or resumes, everyday citizens can rightly interpret a large amount of the supreme documents, but only after detailed reading and meditation on ratified text and structure. The constant practice of naming text locations (by article, section, or amendment) serves as an intermediate step or a bridge between exact quote recognition and philosophical insight into the Constitution. Frequently recalling the text location will reveal the broad subject matter assigned to the original articles and then the more specific subject matter assigned to each section and amendment. While using the Article-Section-Text Method, not every part of the Constitution will be immediately understood. However, after using the technique, a citizen will know the exact pieces of the document that they comprehend and the pieces they find confusing. Instead of general bewilderment about the Constitution, citizens will have detailed questions directed at specific terms, statements, articles, and sections. Those questions will make constitutional research more efficient. The intended original meaning of the DOI and Constitution should be discussed, debated, researched, and written about. However, it would be risky for Americans to trust a few to develop a national testing standard that measures so-called “constitutional understanding” or "wisdom." Sophists and demagogues could mislead private citizens and government personnel by regimenting tests that claim to measure "a deep understanding" of the Constitution and Jefferson’s Declaration. The Article-Section-Text Method (superficial text and structure identification ability) is a reliable, trustworthy standard and one that is strong against the interference of academic conmen. As more citizens use the American Test course and exams, a higher percentage of citizens will claim that they believe a greater understanding of the Constitution and DOI correlates with higher exam scores (which measure the ability to identify the documents’ superficial text and structure). In preparation for the American Test exams, professors and students will come to agree that better comprehension of the documents is necessary for better exam scores. Vastly improved comprehension of the DOI and Constitution results from exam preparation. The American Test will produce more than superficial memorization of the documents. II The purpose of measuring the ability to identify the documents’ superficial text and structure is to have a scientifically objective standard (a trustworthy foundation for measurement). The prowess to classify the surface (or most obvious) constitutional elements can be measured with great precision. On the other hand, developing a universal, impartial, and measurable standard for so-called "all-around comprehension" or "wisdom" of the Constitution is impossible. Human beings have a sense of what wisdom could be, but constitutional wisdom is impossible to fully define and calculate. The loss of some original definitions to the sands of time, coupled with modern political biases, adds roadblocks that prevent impartial and nationalized testing standards for “grand” constitutional comprehension. Because such a standard for combined constitutional history, philosophy, and legality is impossible to create, teach, and use, the best standards for study and testing will use the immovable facts of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution. United States citizens’ beliefs about the Founders’ and Framers’ words will approach the truth as they use the Article-Section-Text Method. A superior education standard allows or promotes both great freedom and strength. Good standards are immovable in particular ways because they are verifiable and true, but they also increase options for expression, theory, and strategy. At public institutions, students and personnel should pursue a constitutional objective that simultaneously allows any political discourse or study method, as long as the objective is achieved. The Article-Section-Text Method provides such standards. It establishes a certain goal (which is proving sufficient familiarity with constitutional text) and allows complete intellectual freedom to achieve that goal. It does not matter how it gets done, as long as it gets done. Education standards should produce more than just knowledge of the standards themselves. The knowledge gained from pursuing standards should have a function. The American Test standards will facilitate the Preamble’s mission: securing justice, domestic tranquility, general welfare, and common defense for citizens and their posterity. III  TECHNICALITIES OF THE COURSE AND RECOMMENDED EXAM POLICY The American Test was framed around the following question on the nation's central documents: Before interpretation or public action, can citizens and government personnel identify the ratified text of the Constitution and Declaration of Independence apart from the words that are not? When a citizen truthfully answers "yes," we should consider their statements on constitutional matters. When the answer is "no," the American Test provides solutions. What is contained in the American Test? The American Test is a course and a multiple-choice exam mainly composed of correct and incorrect quotes from the entirety of the Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution (the Preamble, Main Body, and Amendments). The course also contains writing exercises that cover all articles, sections, and amendments, as well as a glossary. What will the American Test provide for citizens? If implemented nationwide, the American Test will yield the following benefits for citizens: 1. The ability to identify what is truly stated and not stated in the U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence (DOI). 2. The ability to cite the location of statements in that Constitution by article and section. 3. The ability to communicate in a more uniform and rapid manner about what is and is not stated in the DOI and Constitution with fellow citizens and government officials during intense debates on legislation, judgment, and enforcement. 4. The ability for the public to know the average constitutional exam scores of the personnel at government institutions (such as the military, tax offices, DMVs, police departments, schools, and post offices) by means of recorded and reported American Test exam scores. IV  The Coursebook The American Test course is composed of 155 multiple-choice questions or prompts that require the identification of true quotes from the United States Constitution. In addition, the coursebook contains a full-text copy of the Constitution and a glossary to improve comprehension. To complement the 155 multiple-choice quote exercises, there is a writing exercise in which a course participant describes each article, section, and amendment with as few or as many words as they see fit. Regarding price, coursebooks are a fraction of the cost of most social science text books used in high schools and colleges while yielding a fundamental constitutional education in a more effective manner. The American Test will provide education that is central and needed in 21st-century America with superior speed, objectivity, and affordability. [After March 2024, 50 additional learning exercises were added to the coursebook along with the full text of the Declaration of Independence: 40 covering the Declaration of Independence and 10 more covering provisions of the Constitution. There is also a full or regular text copy of the DOI with a writing exercise on its relation to the Constitution.] The Exam For testing, the American Test examinations are composed of six different 50-question versions: Exam Versions A, B, C, D, E, and F. The sum of all exam version questions (from A, B, C, D, E, and F) will be drawn from 150 of the coursebook’s U.S. Constitution learning exercises. Those coursebook learning exercises are composed of two parts; 150 x 2 = 300; 300 is equal to the 50+50+50+50+50+50 questions from Exams A, B, C, D, E, and F. A person being tested could get Exam A, B, C, D, E, or F, so they should read the entire Preamble, Main Body, and all amendments for preparation. [In the future, Exams G and H will be added to the set, be composed of 50 questions each, and cover all of the Declaration of Independence’s ratified text. Exams A, B, C, D, E, or F have already been published; Exams G and H will be.] Uniformity The format of the American Test will be the same throughout all states, cities, and institutions in America. The only difference will be in the required scores for official certification at different institutions. Military and law enforcement officers will have to score higher for their American Test certification than a high school student wishing to earn a diploma: same exam versions, but different score requirements for different institutions. Proposed Exam Score Requirements for Members of the Different Institutions − To achieve a high school diploma or GED, 60 percent − To enlist in the United States Military, 70 percent − To graduate from a public college, 80 percent − To become a U.S. Military Officer, 90 percent − To become a local, state, or federal law enforcement officer, 90 percent − To become a government employee, 70 percent V  Proposed Method for Calculating and Reporting Exam Scores Publicly reported exam scores for entire institutions should equal the average exam score earned by members of an institution who took the exam, multiplied by the number of member exam takers, and divided by the total member population of the institution: # of Inst Membr Exam Takers Ave Inst Membr Exam Score   Reported Inst Score Total # of Membrs At Inst If : Ave Inst Membr Exam Score  90% # of Inst Membr Exam Takers  60 Total # of Membrs At Inst  100 Then : 60 90%   Reported Inst Score 100 54%  Reported Inst Score This method is used to motivate the leaders of public entities to familiarize many or all of their personnel and students with the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. Did the author cherry-pick the quotes to create a biased view of the United States Constitution? To create objective learning, the constitutional quotes of The American Test are not cherry-picked. Almost every single word, article, and section of our Constitution (from the Preamble, the Main Body, and the amendments) is in the course and examination answers. If one of our fellow citizens reads all of the correct answers from Exam Versions A, B, C, D, E, and F, they will have read almost every word (97%) of the Constitution (the Preamble, Main Body, and amendments). Important as well, no opinions or propaganda have been added to the answers. Apart from the correct answers to the multiple-choice question, there is the full regular-format U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence contained in the coursebook. The American Test was designed to withstand the fiercest evaluations of constitutional scholars and logicians and receive the highest rating for objectivity. [After April 2024, Exams G and H will be added to the set, be composed of 50 questions each, and cover all of the Declaration of Independence’s ratified text. Exams A, B, C, D, E, or F have already been published; Exams G and H are awaiting publication.] The Glossary Many terms found in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution are not defined within the ratified text. These are terms such as "enumeration," "imposts," "grand jury," "civil officer," "militia," "law of nations," "seat of the government,” and “full faith and credit.” In addition to the quote recognition exercises, the glossary will aid in understanding the foundational documents. VI  ABOUT THE FLAGS THE GRAND UNION FLAG The Grand Union Flag was an unofficial flag that represented the British-American colonies that became the original United States just prior to and after July 4, 1776 (the date of the Declaration of Independence). The flag was hoisted by John Paul Jones onboard the Continental Navy ship Alfred on December 3, 1775, and by George Washington on January 2, 1776, over his Army camp in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Grand Union Flag informally represented the United States until June 14, 1777. The thirteen stripes represented the number of colonies and the first U.S. states that were operating as a group to contest British authority. Conversely, the upper left-hand corner (or union area) symbolized or acknowledged a relationship with Great Britain. The Grand Union Flag signified both fierce rebellion and the relationship between America’s founders and their parent nation. The United States of America was born from British subjects who fought a British king who spoke and wrote their laws and customs in the English language. 1777: THE FIRST OFFICIAL FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES This flag is often referred to as the “Stars and Stripes” flag. The number of stars was equal to the number of original American states and the number of red and white stripes. The flag's design is often accredited to Congressman Francis Hopkins or Betsy Ross (an American upholsterer). The banner was ratified on June 14, 1777. VII  1960 TO PRESENT: THE MODERN OFFICIAL FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES This is the present form of the United States flag in the year 2024. This version was ratified on July 4, 1960. It contains fifty stars, representing fifty American states. Hawaii was the last state adopted into the union, preceded by Alaska, New Mexico, and Arizona in the 20th century. THE AMERICAN TEST COURSES & EXAMS FLAG This is the flag of the American Test Courses & Exams. The banner was intended to be simple and expressive of the organization’s strategy for constitutional education. The circle, square, triangle, plus, minus, and equal signs symbolize learning or investigation by breaking down complex subjects into their most basic and understandable components and the importance of quantitative reasoning. The American Test is not a mathematics course, but knowledge of the Constitution’s word length, estimated study times, and the ability to keep course and exam book expenses low for citizens was a great motivator for this venture. Also expressed by the symbols of geometry and arithmetic, the exams were intended to set a transparent and mathematical standard for the social sciences rather than a narrative-based standard. ”Truth ≥ Belief” represents the concept that a truth, especially one that is easily verifiable, is superior to a belief or theory that may or may not be true. Truth is vital for mastery in any field, whether for physics, economics, criminal investigation, medicine, or, in the case of this book, the study of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution. The American Test with the Article-Section-Text Method ensures that citizen minds will be joined with something that is most objective and simple to understand about the constitution before hypothesis, opinion, or propaganda. VIII  RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES To improve understanding of American public actions (speeches, judgment, enforcement, and legislation), classify events as constitutional or unconstitutional using the Article-Section-Text Method. After gaining solid familiarity with the text and structure of the Declaration of Independence Constitution, study constitutional commentaries by the Founders and Framers. A relatively quick read, the Articles of Confederation and The Communist Manifesto can be compared and contrasted with the United States Constitution and DOI. Read the documents themselves before reading interpretations. For a more extensive reading list, Black’s Law Dictionary, Judge Joseph Story’s Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, William Blackstone’s Commentaries, Emer de Vattel’s The Law of Nations, and Aristotle’s Politics can help with understanding the DOI and Constitution. The Library of Congress and the National Archives are excellent online sources for The Federalist Papers, speech transcripts, letters between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, photos of the original Constitution, amendments, old congressional acts, and more that reveal the original intended meaning of the Constitution and Declaration of Independence. To mathematically complement constitutional education, these fundamental subjects and equations can yield a solid overview of America’s resources, trade, transportation, energy demands, living space, and other material concerns: 1. Aristotelian Syllogisms 2. Force x Distance = Energy 3. Population Density = Number of People / Surface Area 4. Profit = Revenue - Expenses 5. Assets = Liabilities + Owner Equity 6. Nominal Value and Real Value 7. The Law of Supply and Demand I hope this book serves as a valuable tool for my fellow citizens. Use this knowledge to help your nation. -- Alexander Higgins, Creator of The American Test IX  THE AMERICAN TEST: THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURSE 1  INSTRUCTIONS AND STRATEGIES All of the correct answers from The American Test combine to be almost every single word of the Declaration of Independence (DOI) and United States Constitution (the Preamble, the Main Body, and the Amendments). The American Test contains 205 identification exercises. They are multiple-choice exercises. For each question and prompt, read the four potential answers (potential answers A, B, C, and D). For the correct answer, identify the true quote from the DOI or U.S. Constitution. Also, identify the article and section (the constitutional location) for each quote, when applicable. When answering the quote identification questions, do not write, circle, underline, or mark the answers. This is so that you can use this coursebook multiple times to train your mind on constitutional text and structure. If you mark the answer next to the question, it defeats the purpose of the text identification questions and prompts. You can make notes on the side, but do not mark or write the letter-answers next to the questions. Keep in mind that this coursebook contains full regular-format copies of the DOI and Constitution and an answer key. To improve your understanding of the DOI and Constitution, after you identify a proper quote for a prompt or question, try rewriting the correct quotes in your own words. Furthermore, do not underestimate the exercise of identifying the articles and sections of the constitutional quotes. Improved familiarity with the Constitution's structure will improve understanding of the document. It helps to know the subject matter contained in each article and section. There are several other methods for comprehension that you can try as well. No matter what the case, before we can interpret the words of the DOI and Constitution, we need to read and know the documents’ text and structure. In the later pages of this coursebook, there are writing exercises that cover the entire Declaration of Independence and Constitution. It could help you to do the writing exercises before the multiple-choice quotes and location exercise, or you can alternate between the quote identification and writing exercises; the choice is yours. Furthermore, there is a glossary of constitutional terms. 2  DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE QUOTES IDENTIFICATION EXERCISES 1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. In Congress, July 4, 1787 B. In Congress, July 4, 1789 C. In Congress, July 4, 1776 D. In Congress, July 4, 1619 2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to resolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the unification. B. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. C. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to resolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers, the separate and equal station to which the Laws and Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. D. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. We hold these truths to be evident, that men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. B. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. C. We hold this morality to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the one true God with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. D. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain alienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 3 4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. B. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, and men derive their just powers from the consent of the Governments, --That whenever any Form of People becomes disruptive of the Government, it is the Right of Government to alter or to replace the People, and to institute new Citizens, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. C. That to secure these privileges, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Privilege of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. D. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from Nature’s God, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the Elite and Educated to alter Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. 5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. Courage, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. B. Carelessness, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are tolerable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. C. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should change for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are not sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. D. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. 4 6. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. But when a long train of abuses and pardons, pursuing invariably the same Object conceals a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to reinforce current Regimes for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. B. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. C. But when a long train of abuses and pardons, pursuing invariably the same Object conceals a design to reduce them under absolute Oligarchy, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these States; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. D. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under Aristocracy, it is not their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these States; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to keep their form of Systems of Government. 7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. The history of the Polity of Great Britain is a history of repealed justice and general welfare, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Liberty for these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. B. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repealed injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Beliefs be submitted to a deceitful world. C. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. D. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Beliefs be submitted to a candid world. 8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. B. He has refused his Denial to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. C. He has refused his Denial to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public vices. D. He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most unwholesome and unnecessary for the public vices. 5 9. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing negligence, unless suspended in their operation till his Refusal should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. B. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of probable importance, unless enforced in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so obligated, he has committed to attend to them. C. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. D. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless enforced in their operation till his Refusal should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. 10. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has passed other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, because those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right estimable to them and useful to tyrants only. B. He has other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, because those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a estimable right to them and formidable to tyrants only. C. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a limited right to them and useful to tyrants only. D. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. 11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has called together legislative bodies at appropriate places, comfortable, and proximal to the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. B. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and proximal to the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of facilitating them into compliance with his measures. C. He has called together legislative bodies at appropriate places, comfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of facilitating them into compliance with his measures. D. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 6 12. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has established Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. B. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. C. He has established Representative Houses repeatedly, for reinforcing with manly firmness his defense on the rights of the people. D. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his protection on the rights of the people. 13. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. B. He has allowed for a long time, after such establishment, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. C. He has allowed for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time protected from all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. D. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time protected from all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. 7 14. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has hesitated to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose ratifying Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; allowing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. B. He has endeavoured to promote the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Materials. C. He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Hands. D. He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. 15. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has promoted the Administration of Justice, by allowing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers. B. He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers. C. He has promoted the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Descent to Laws for establishing Executive powers. D. He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by allowing his Assent to Laws for establishing Executive powers. 16. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has made Officers dependent on his Will alone, for the design of their offices, and the length and time of their salaries. B. He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and their amount of space. C. He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. D. He has made military Officers dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. 8 17. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance. B. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither legions of Officers to protect our people, and produce our substance. C. He has prevented a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither legions of Officers to protect our people, and defend their substance. D. He has prevented a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance. 18. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies with the Consent of our legislatures. B. He has kept among us, in times of war, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. C. He has kept among us, in times of war, Standing Armies with the Consent of our legislatures. D. He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. 19. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. B. He has affected to render the Military dependent of and inferior to the Civil power. C. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Royal power. D. He has affected to render the Military dependent of and superior to the Royal power. 20. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has separated from others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: B. He has combined with others to subject us to the jurisdiction of our constitution, and acknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation: C. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: D. He has separated from others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation: 9 21. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us and religious rights: B.....giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: C.... giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation... For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us and religious rights: D.... giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation... For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: 22. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation... For prosecuting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: B.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For protecting them, by a Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: C.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: D.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For prosecuting them, by Trial and due Process, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: 23. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation... For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: B.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: C.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For cutting off our Alliance with all parts of the world: D.... giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation... For facilitating our Trade with all parts of the world: 10 24. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent... For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: B.... giving his Assent... For imposing Taxes on us with our Contest: C.... giving his Assent... For imposing Taxes on us without Contest: D.... giving his Assent... For imposing Taxes on us with Consent: 25. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent... For allowing us in many cases, of the benefits of Impeachment by Jury: B.... giving his Assent... For depriving us in many cases, of the manifest of Trial by Jury: C.... giving his Assent... For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury: D.... giving his Assent... For allowing us in many cases, of the manifest of Trial by Jury: 26. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent... For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences B.... giving his Assent... For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for extended offences C.... giving his Assent... For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for offences by a Jury of our Peers D.... giving his Assent... For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for offences 27. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation... For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and restricting its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: B.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and restricting its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: C.... giving his Assent to their Acts of Legislation... For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same republican rule into these Colonies: D.... giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation... For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: 11 28. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For taking away our Charters, abolishing our least valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: B.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: C.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For promoting our Charters and most valuable Laws, and protecting fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: D.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For promoting our Charters and most valuable Laws, and protecting fundamentally our Forms of our Governments and Religion: 29. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For appointing our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with our power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. B.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For suspending his own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. C.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For electing our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. D.... giving his Assent to their Acts... For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 30. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. B. He has supported Government here, by declaring us in of his Protection and waging War for us. C. He has emancipated Government here, by declaring us in his Protection and waging War against thus. D. He has incarcerated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against thus. 31. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has protected our seas, ravaged enemy Coasts, burnt their towns, and destroyed the lives of their people. B. He has defended the seas, ravaged Coasts, burnt towns, and destroyed the lives of people. C. He has plundered the seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of Indians. D. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. 12 32. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He is at this time transporting large Armies of extremists to compleat the works of death, protecting against desolation, tyranny, and circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, which are totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. B. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. C. He is at this time combating large Armies of Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. D. He is at this time combating large Armies of foreign Mercenaries that compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. 33. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Lands. B. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms for their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Lands. C. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. D. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms for their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Lands. 34. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. He has excited peaceful protests amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the Indian, whose known rule of wisdom, is an undistinguished humanity for all ages, sexes and conditions. B. He has extinguished domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the virtuous Indian natives, whose known rule of wisdom, is for all ages, sexes and conditions. C. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. D. He has extinguished domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the Indian Natives, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished fairness of all ages, sexes and conditions. 13 35. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. B. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most boastful terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. C. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by remedy. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. D. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated remedy. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 36. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have encouraged them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. B. We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have encouraged them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extract an warrantable jurisdiction over us. C. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an warrantable jurisdiction over us. D. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. 37. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. We have forgotten the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to our native justice and entropy, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these deliberations, which, would inevitably interrupt our detection and correspondence. B. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. C. We have not reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to our native justice and anonymity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these deliberations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. D. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have repealed their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our detection and correspondence. 14 38. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. We too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of unsimilarity. They must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which announces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. B. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. C. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and lack of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our consanguinity, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. D. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of genetic unsimilarity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which announces our consanguinity, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. 39. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A. We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; B. We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the dishonesty of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Dependent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; C. We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Law of the Land for the rectitude of our dishonesty, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Privilege ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; D. We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Law of the Land of the world for the dishonesty of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally resolved; 15 40. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE? A.... and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy Peace, conclude War, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Dependent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. B.... and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Religion, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. C.... and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. D.... and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Religion, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred History. 41. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS OR THE PREAMBLE TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. Congress shall make all laws respecting an establishment of religion, and prohibiting the free exercise thereof; and abridging the freedom of speech, and of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. B. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, to certify the freedom of speech; but shall issue licenses for the press and the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. C. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. D. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people to protest and deprive other Citizens of life, liberty and property, while petitioning the Government for a redress of grievances. 16 42. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS OR THE PREAMBLE TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep armed bears, shall be well regulated. B. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. C. An unregulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the privilege of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall be denied. D. A Militia, being unnecessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 43. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION? A. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the Senate; but the House of Representatives may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. B. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. C. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate from the President of the United States; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. D. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; and the Senate may not propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 17 44. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS OR THE PREAMBLE TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by a partial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and not to be informed about the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the charges against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. B. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of another State or district, where the crime was not committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and he shall have the right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have a non-compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. C. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the privilege to a speedy and private trial, and can be detained indefinitely, by a partial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have non- compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. D. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. 45. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS OR THE PREAMBLE TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. B. The privilege of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, can be infringed, on reasonable suspicion, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. C. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, but not communication apparatus, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and generally describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. D. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by witness, and describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 18 48. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS OR THE PREAMBLE TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by a partial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and not to be informed about the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the charges against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. B. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of those not from his State, nor district, wherein the crime was not committed, which district shall not have been previously ascertained by law; and he shall have the right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have a non-compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. C. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the privilege to a speedy and private trial, but can be detained indefinitely, by a partial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have non- compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. D. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. 49. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS OR THE PREAMBLE TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. B. Expensive bail shall be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. C. Excessive bail shall not be required, and excessive fines will be imposed, and cruel and unusual punishments will be inflicted. D. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, and cruel and unusual punishments can be inflicted. 20 46. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION? A. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every sixth Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. B. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. C. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the State Legislature.” D. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every sixth Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the State Legislature. 47. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE QUOTED FROM THE BILL OF RIGHTS OR THE PREAMBLE TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A. All persons can be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. B. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Trial Jury, nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be thrice put in jeopardy of life or limb; and that person shall be compelled in criminal cases to be a witness against himself, and he will be deprived of life, liberty, or property for public use, without compensation. C. All persons shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Trial Jury, except in cases arising in the police or civil forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject