REVIEWER PHILO.pdf

REVIEWER PHILO ANTROPOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY - WORLD VIEW ABOUT MAN, SOCIETY, MOVES, NATION, NATION HOOD, ETC SYTEMATIC/ METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY - IN WHICH PHILOSOPHIES ARE ‘ MOMENTS’ PHILOSOPHY - GREEK WORDS PHILOS (...

REVIEWER PHILO ANTROPOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY - WORLD VIEW ABOUT MAN, SOCIETY, MOVES, NATION, NATION HOOD, ETC SYTEMATIC/ METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY - IN WHICH PHILOSOPHIES ARE ‘ MOMENTS’ PHILOSOPHY - GREEK WORDS PHILOS (LOVE) AND SOPHIA (WISDOM) “ LOVE OF WISDOM” SOON TOO BE APPLIED IT TO THE STUDY OF OR DISIPLINE THAT USES HUMAN REASON. THE SKILLS ARE - REASONING ANG CRITICAL THINKING ( JUSTIFY YOUR OPINIONS ) - ARGUMENT (SPOT BAD ARGUMENTS NO MATTER WHAT THE TOPIC - COMMUNICATION (EXPLAIN TO PEOPLE WHY THEY ARE WRONG , AND YOU ARE RIGHT) ALSO PHILOSOPHY- IS NOT ANGRY DEBATING OR ARGUING. PHILOSOPHERS - THE PEOPLE WHO ENGAGE IN PHILOSOPHY OR “ LOVERS IN WISDOM” THE BRANCES OF PHILOSOPHY - METAPHYSICS ( HOW THE REALITY AND UNIVERSE BEGAN) METAPHYSICS PARTS - THEOLOGY ( CONCERNED ABOUT THE PRESENCE OF GOD AND NATURE) - COSMOLOGY (PROBLRMS CONCERN WITH ORIGIN AND IMPOSITION ) - COSMOGONY (THE DEVELOPMENT OF THR UNIVERSE/ THE CREATION OF THE WORLD) - ESCHATOLOGY (DEATH \ LIFE AFTER DEATH) THE BRANCES OF PHILOSOPHY - EPISTIMOLOGY ( THEORY OF PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE) - AXIOLOGY (STUDIES VALUES ) - LOGIC ( GREEK WORD LOGOS SOMETIMES TRANSLATED AS SENTENCE, DISCOURSE, REASON, RULE AND RATIO. ) DEDUCTIVE REASONING -PROVIDES COMPLETE EVIDENCE OF THE TRUTH AND ITS CONCLUSION INDUCTIVE REASONING  - THIS TYPE OF REASONING A RULE BEING ESTABLISHED BASED ON A SERIES OF REPEATED EXPERIENCES. OPINION - EIKASIA OR ILLUSTION OR IMAGINATION KNOWLWGE - NOESIS OR REASON USING THE INTELLECT DIANOSIA OR UNDERSTANDING ( VIA THINKING ) SOUL - PRINCIPLE OF LIFE AND MOVEMENT THE SOUL’S 3 PARTS - REASON - SPIRIT - APPETITE TRIPARTITE SOUL BY PLATO - REASON (RATIONAL/ LOGICAL PART OF MIND ) - SPIRIT (CONCERNED WITH THE REPUTATION STATUS AND AMBITION - DESIRE ( CONCERNED WITH CRAVINGS E.G FOOD, DRINK AND SEV. ) THE CHARIOTEER - GOOD - BAD VIRTUE AS FULFILLMENT OF FUNCTION THE SOUL - REASON ( VIRTUE OF WISDOM ) - SPIRIT ( VIRTUE OF COURAGE ) - APPETITE ( VIRTUE OF TEMPERANCE ) JUSTICE IS THE FOURTH VIRTUE - WILL BE ACHIEVED ONCE THE SOUL FULFILLS IS PROPER FUNCTION. EPISTEMOLOGY - STUDY OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE - BEGINS WITH PERCXEPTION VIA SENSES METHOS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  1. SPECULATIVE THINKING ( ALLOWS A PERSON TO EXPAND THEIR PERSPECTIVE ) 2. CRITICAL THINKING OR ANALYSIS ( EVALUATES ANY PRINCIPLES AND PREMISES THAT MAYBE GAINED THROUGH SPECULATION. MODES OF CRITICAL THINKING/ ANALYSIS - LOGICAL ( SOLVE SPHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS THROUGH CAREFUL ANALYSIS ) - LINGUISTIC ( ANALYSIS WORDS FOR CLARITY AND CONSISTENCY 3. REFLECTIVE INQUIRY - PROCESS THAT MOVES A PERSON FROM ONE EXPERIENCE INTO THE NEXT WITH A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF ITS RELATION. THEORIES OF TRUTH - COHERENCE THEORY ( TRUE OR FALSE FALSE BASED ON WHETHER THE STATEMENT COHERES WITH THE LARGER SYSTEM OR NOT. CORRESPONDING THRORY - WHAT WE BELIEVE IS TRUE IF IS CORESSPONDS TO THE WAYS OF THINGS PRAGMANTIC THEORY - BELIEF OR STATEMENT IS TRUE IF IT HAS A USEFUL APPLICATION IN THE WORLD. FALLACY - ARGUMENT ( PREMISES GIVEN FOR THE CONCLUSION ) ARGUMENT FROM IGNORANCE - ALSO KNOWN AS APPEAL TO PITY APPEAL TO PITY - ARGUER ATTEMPTS TO EVOKE PITY FROM THE AUDIENCE BANDWAGON ARGUMENT - SOMETHING IS REAL OR BETTER HASTY GENERALIZATION - CONCLUSION DRAW FROM INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION. EQUIVOCATION - FROM THE USE OF A PARTICULAR WORD/ EXPRESSION IN MULTIPLE SENSES WITH ARGUMENT. ARGUMENT FROM AUTHORITY - TOPIC USED AS EVICENCE TO SUPPORT AN ARGUMENT FALSE DILLEMMA  - LIES NOT IN AN INVALID FORM OF INFERENCE BUT IN FALSE PREMISES SLIPPERY FALSE FALLACY - CRITICAL THINKING, POLITICAL RHETORIC, AND CASELAW. RED HERRING FALLACY - ATTEMPTS TO DISTRACT OTHERS FROM A TOPIC THAT’S BEING DISCUSSED FALLACY OF SUNK COSTS - TO FOLLOW THROUGH ON AN ENDAVOUR IF WE HAVE ALREADY INVESTED TIME, EFFORT, OR MONEY INTO IT. QUESTIONABLE CASE - A.K.A CASUAL FALLACY FALSE CAUSE, NON CAUSA OR NON PRO CAUSA METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING - EACH METHODS IS INTEGRAL IN ARRIVIN AT A HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE IN ANY SUBJECTS OF PHILOSOPHIC INQUIRY. TRUTH AND OPINION - FACTS ( SPECIFIC DETAIL THAT CAN BE PROVENAS TRUE BASED ON OBJECTIVE EVIDENCE ) OPINIONS - FEELING, JUGDEMENT, BELIEF, OR CONCLUSION THAT CANNOT BE PROVEN. TYPES OF OPINIONS - HYPOTHESIS STATEMENTS - THEORY STATEMENTS - ASSUMPTIVE STATEMENTS - VALUE STATEMENT - EXAGGERATED STATEMENTS STATEMENTS OF HYPOTHESIS - MADE TO EXPLAIN AN OBSERVATION STATEMENT OPINION THEORY - WIDELY BELIEVED EXPLANATION FOR A GROUP OF OBSERVATION STATEMENT OF ASSUMPTION - OPINION THAT IMPROVABLE STATEMENT OF VALUE - CLAIM THAT IS BASED IN SOMEONES BELIEF  STATEMENT OF EXAGGERATION - EMBALLISHES THE FACTS, OFTEN TO SWAY THE READER MAN - DEFINED TO REPREDENT THE ENTIRE HUMSN RSCE HUMAN - A TERM USED TO REFER FOR VARIOUS CALSSIFICATION AND SPECIES. HUMAN BEING - DEEPEST AND NATURAL BEHAVIOR OF A PERSON. ( RATIONALITY) HUMAN PERSON - INDIVIDUAL WHO POSSESESS SELF ( MORALITY) PERSON HOOD - A PERSON WITH UNIQUE, SACRED AND ETHICAL STATUS WITHIN HIM/ HERSELF. TWO GENERAL WAYS TO DISTINGUISH A HUMAN PERSON COGNITIVE SELF - WE CAN’T SEE ( E.G PERSONS BELIEF , DESIRE, DREAMS, AND INTENTIONS PHYSICAL SELF - WE CAN SEE ( E.G BODY TYPE, STRENGTH AND APPEARANCES) METAPHYSICAL APPROACH - DEALING WITH THE WHAT OF A HUMAN PERSON. EXISTENTIAL APPROACH - KIND OF LIFE, OR MODE OF EXIXTENCE, THST ID UNIQUE IN HUMAN PERSON 3 COMPONENTS OF A HUMAN PERSON - UNSPIRITED BODY VIEW ( THEY NOT BELIEVE IN SOUL - DISEMBODIED DPIRIT VIEW ( ESSENTIALY HIS/HER SPIRIT AND NOTHING MORE - EMBODIED SPIRIT VIEW ( UNITY OF HID/HER BODY AND SPIRIT ) - SUPPORTERS ( MIND – BRAIN IDENTITY THEORY; MENTAL STATE OR NEUTRAL STATE OF THE BRAIN THE DUALISM OF THE BODY AND SOUL - PHILOSOPHY OF MIND ( NOTION OF INNER SENSE THAT IS BETTER UNDERSTOOD AS REFLECTION OR INTROSPECTION. EMBODIED SPIRIT BODY+ SOUL - INSEPARABLE UNION OF HUMAN BODY AND SOUL SOUL - IS THE CAUSE OF LIFE IS A FORM CONCIOUSENESS - STATE OR QUALITY OF AWARENESS OR OF BEING AWARE OF AN EXTERNAL OBJECT OR SOMETHING WITHIN ONE SELF EMBODINENT - BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL PRESENCE OF OUR BODIES ( EMOTION, LANGUAGE, THOUGHT AND SOUL INTERACTION ) LIMITATIONS OF THE HUMAN PERSON AS EMBODIED SPIRIT - FACILITY ( THINGS OUR LIFE THAT ALREADY GIVEN E.G BIOLOGICAL SEX - SPATIAL TEMPORAL BEING ( OUR MOST LIMITATION IS OUR FINITUDE OUR FINITE QUALITY OR STATE ) - THE BODY AS INTERMEDIARY ( OUR BODY SERVES AS AN INTERMEDIARY BETWEEN US AND THE PHYSICAL WORLD) TRANSCENDENCE ( POSSIBILITY ) – OUR ABILITY TO SURPASS HUMAN LIMITATIONS.