REVIEWER-COMPILED-THE-CONTEMPORARY-WORLD.pdf

A WORLD OF REGIONS REGIONALISM However, regionalism faces challenges: Regionalism is defined as a political and Resurgence of militant economic phenomenon that favors...

A WORLD OF REGIONS REGIONALISM However, regionalism faces challenges: Regionalism is defined as a political and Resurgence of militant economic phenomenon that favors a specific nationalism and populism region over a larger area. It is a political ideology Continuing economic crises that can be motivated by shared identities, ethics, Sovereignty and regional religion, ecological sustainability, or health. stability Formation of regionalism is observed to be Differing vision of what inspired by socially emergent issues that needs to regionalism should achieve be addressed. GLOBAL DIVIDES: THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH GLOBAL SOUTH Basic features of regionalism include a group of Metaphor for interstate inequality and a concept countries located in the same geographically created by the West, particularly referring to specified area. countries colonized by the Spaniards in the southern part of the American continent, REGIONALISM VS REGIONALIZATION collectively known as Latin America. REGIONALISM The division is characterized by socio-economic The expression of a common identity or purpose and political disparities primarily focused on the or political will among countries in a specific southern hemisphere, comprising Africa, Latin region. It entails cooperation, coordination, and America, Asia, and the Middle East. The term also the establishment of formal institutions or denotes developing countries compared to the agreements to address shared challenges or rich, industrialized nations in the Global North. promote mutual interests. The term “Global South” is not geographically REGIONALIZATION rather, its usage denotes a mix of political, geopolitical, and economic commonalities Refers to the process of creating or strengthening between nations. economic, political, or cultural ties within a specific geographic region involving the increased GLOBAL SOUTH OR THIRD WORLD? interdependence and integration of countries The terms Global South and Third World within that region through various means such as are conceptually similar, both referring to trade agreements, alliances, or cultural conditions typically found in developing exchanges. countries. WHY FORM REGIONS Until then, the more common term for The motivations for forming regions vary, and it developing nations was “THIRD WORLD”. serves as a way of coping with globalization for The term was coined by Alfred Sauvy in both lesser-developed and developed countries. 1952, in an analogy with France’s Forming alliances between neighboring countries historical three estates: the nobility, the is also a tactic used by the developed countries in clergy, and the bourgeoisie. terms of protecting or solidifying their strengths. The term “First World” referred to Military defense the advanced capitalist nations; Polling of resources the “Second World”, to the Protecting a country’s independence socialist nations led by the Soviet from superpower politics Union; and the “Third World”, to Mitigating economic crises developing nations, many at the NON-STATE REGIONALISM time still under the colonial yoke. Involves countries forming alliances based on common motivations, irrespective of their geographic proximity.  THIRLD WORLD ASPECT THAT LEAD TO A GREATER ASIAN INTEGRATION Countries that had yet to industrialize fully Integration has been market driven SECOND WORLD Formal institutions A term used during the such as Asian Cold War for industrial Development Bank were socialist stated under established the influence of the Economic grants and Soviet Union. Positioned overseas development between the assistance are made impoverishment available by better Asian characterizing economies developing nations and Production networks the affluence associated have expanded with developed nations Cooperation among the ASEAN and East FIRST WORLD Asian countries, Example: ASEAN + 3 Countries that are (China, Japan, South characterized by stable Korea) democracies, the rule of ASEAN follows a law, a capitalist consensus rule as an economy, and a high approach to decision standard of living. making. GLOBAL NORTH GLOBALIZATION and REGIONALIZATION are the same for Encompasses the developed societies of they refer to integration. Their difference lies on the scope. Europe and North America. It is Globalization is worldwide, while regionalization focuses characterized by established democracy, on a specific geographical region. wealth, technological advancement, political stability, an aging population, zero population growth, and dominance WORLD OF IDEAS in world trade and politics. Members of the Group of Eight (Canada, France, RELIGION Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, Russian, and the United States) are part One of the binding forms of networks that have of the Global North. intensified people’s sense of community across the world. ASIAN REGIONALISM STUDY OF RELGION involves the study of Asian regionalism is a recent concept among religious practices, customs, beliefs, and continental communities. Nevertheless, what rituals in the context of social structures fortifies Asian nations is the establishment of such as religious institutions, education, collaborations and cooperation founded on community, and family. mutual respect. WHAT IS RELIGION? For instance, the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), as a regional According to EMILE DURKHEIM, religion is a bloc, demonstrates full respects for the unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sovereignty and independence of its sacred things. These beliefs and practices relative members through consensus and to sacred things. These beliefs and practices bring consultation. together its adherents into one single moral community.  ELEMENTS IN DEFINING RELIGION THE CALVINIST TRADITION: the doctrine of PREDEDTINATION; The belief that God Beliefs that some things are sacred, has planned and willed all events, often in set apart from the ordinary things relation to the ultimate destiny of each Practices (rituals) centered on the person’s soul. Calvinists sought things considered sacred confirmation of God’s favor by associating A moral community (a church) it with financial success, considering it a resulting from a group’s beliefs and sign of divine approval. practices; there is a function – the formation of solidarity PROTESTANT ETHIC refers to the importance places on diligent Example: Filipino people are labor, frugality, and effectiveness socialized in the practice of religion – in one’s worldly pursuits. not just on the beliefs on the SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM the doctrines. Fiestas, prosisyon, and the desire to accumulate capital – likes. not to spend it, but as an end in For him, the world’s religions are so varied that itself – and to constantly reinvest they have no specific belief or practice in it. common; that all religions develop a RELIGION AND GLOBALISM vs. GLOBALIZATION community centered on their beliefs and practices; and that all religions separate the The religious are concerned with spreading holy SACRED from the PROFANE. ideas globally, while the globalist wishes to spread goods and services. SACRED represented the interests of the group, especially unity, which were RELIGION GLOBALISM embodies in sacred group symbols, or A Divine Entity that A globalist is not worried totems. An aspect of life having to do with defines and judges’ whether he will end up in the supernatural that inspires awe, human action in hell or heaven. reverence, deep respect, even fear. moral terms, what is good or bad. PROFANE, on the other hand, involves Religious people are Globalism deals with mundane individual concerns or aspects less concerned with how much of human of life that are not concerned with religion wealth and all that action can lead to the or religious purposes but, instead, are comes along with it. highest material part of the ordinary aspects of everyday satisfaction and life. subsequent wisdom that this new status CONNECTION BETWEEN RELIGION AND ECONOMIC produces. STRUCTURES When a religious The globalist trains to be person aspires to be a shrewd MAX WBBER’s PROTESTAN ETHICS AND THE a saint. businessperson. SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM. The Roman Catholic belief Religious people are Globalist deal more in system encouraged followers to hold on to their ascetic because the seal trade, raise the traditional ways of life, while the Protestant belief they avoid anything profits of private system encouraged its members to embrace material for enterprises, improve change. simplicity. From government revenue what clothes should collections, protect the Theorized how the moral principles of disciplined be worn and food to elites from being Protestantism connect to the rise of modern eat. excessively taxed by the capitalism. Weber argues that the religious beliefs state and naturally of Calvinists and similar groups significantly enrich themselves. influenced the development of a capitalist mindset.  RELIGION AND GLOBALIZATION In a micro perspective Religion is influenced by their interactions in daily GLOBALIZATION has freed communities lives and attitudes. From a macro from the constraints of the nation state perspective, there is a totalizing claim of but in the process, it threatens to destroy religion in the country (THEOLOGICAL the cultural system that binds them NATIONALISM), making it challenging to together, RELIGION seeks to take the go against the teachings of the religion. place of these broken “traditional ties” to either help communities cope with their VIOLENT EXTREMISM the new situation. convictions and behaviors of individuals who endorse or GEMEINSCHAFT type of society employ violence to attain in which life is intimate; a ideological, religious, or political community in which everyone objectives. knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness, SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND sharing similar beliefs and STATE, no law shall be made practices, has a traditional tie in respecting an establishment of the community. religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. GESELLSCHAFT, a type of society that is dominated by impersonal The government relationships, individual functions autonomously, accomplishments, and self- free from the impact of interest. religious entities, and prevents religious groups Religion can provide the “moral codes” answering from having unwarranted problems like people’s health and personal happiness. authority or sway in Religion is not the regressive force that stops or slows governmental matters. globalization, it is a pro-active force that gives communities a new and powerful basis of identity. It is an Ex. Church of the Quantum instrument with which religious people can put their mark Siopao protest of their perception in the reshaping of this globalizing world. that the university violated the constitutional provisions on the CONFLIST OR PEACE? separation of the church and According to Jayeel Cornelio, religion create this state by allowing Catholic relics US vs THEM mentality. The solidarity it provides a double to be displayed around the edge sword. school premises. WHY DO RELIGIONS DIVIDE? Its disciples, the Siopaoists, demanded that the image of the Many Filipinos are aware that being Almighty Quantum Siopao be religious is not necessarily something to displayed around the campus for celebrate, as it has the potential to harm equality of representation, people. arguing that if UP, a government institution, would allow one Example: In a study conducted by religion to display their religious Dr. Cornelia and Dr. Aldama, two- relic in campus, it should also thirds of Filipinos believe that allow relics from all other religion brings more conflict than religions to be displayed as well – peace and almost believe that that, or none at all. individuals with strong religious beliefs tend to be more intolerant.