Review XML.pdf

REVIEW OF ITA 223 UNDERSTANDING XML MARKUP LANGUAGES Markup is used to alter the appearance and formatting of text or to create a document's structure and meaning before it is output to a medium, like a printer or the Internet. Markup is made up of codes, or tags, that are added to text to...

REVIEW OF ITA 223 UNDERSTANDING XML MARKUP LANGUAGES Markup is used to alter the appearance and formatting of text or to create a document's structure and meaning before it is output to a medium, like a printer or the Internet. Markup is made up of codes, or tags, that are added to text to alter its appearance or meaning. The majority of word processors use one or more markup languages for formatted text. There are two categories of Markup Languages: Specific Markup Languages and Generalized Markup Languages.  Dr. C. F. Goldfarb and two of his associates proposed a technique for describing text in the 1970s that wasn't particular to an application or a device. The approach suggested two things: GENERALIZED 1. Instead of describing a document's formatting or style, MARKUP markup should describe its structure. 2. A software program or a human being should be able to LANGUAGES easily read the code by strictly adhering to the markup's syntax. These suggestions led to the creation of SGML, which the International Organization for Standardization adopted as a standard in 1986.  SGML – A METALANGUAGE For identifying the characters to be used in a document, SGML has added provisions. By allowing a document to specify the character set it uses, it is simpler to make sure that a processor can comprehend all of the information contained in the document. XML OVER SGML optimized for use on the World Wide Web designed in such a way that it has some benefits that are not found in SGML Smaller language than SGML Includes specifications for hyperlinking scheme Used for data interchange format Used for Web data  WHAT IS XML? invented for the purpose of having a standard and powerful way of describing any kind of data Information that has been formatted in XML can be used with a variety of development tools and utilities, and it can be exchanged between platforms, languages, and applications. used to store data or information all about preserving useful information provides a standard approach for describing, capturing, processing and publishing information XML VS HTML Separation of form and XML is extensible - While the content - In contrast to HTML, HTML standard tagset is where tags primarily define defined by the World Wide how text should look, XML Web Consortium, tags can be tags typically specify the defined by individuals or structure and content of organizations for a particular data, with the final application (W3C). appearance being determined by the associated application or stylesheet.  XML STRUCTURE Logical Structure XML Declaration XML Syntax SAMPLE XML SAMPLE XML SAMPLE XML SAMPLE XML XML BENEFITS XML is everywhere XML separates data from HTML XML simplifies data sharing XML simplifies data transport XML simplifies platform changes XML makes your data more available It is used to create new internet languages XHTML -Extensible HyperText Markup Language WSDL -Web Service Description Language RSS -Really Simple Syndication  XML DISADVANTAGES Lacks of application processing Totally dependent on who is writing it XML documents can be difficult and also expensive to setup  XML DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS Simplicity Self-describing OTHER BENEFITS Open and extensible Application Independence Data format integration One data source, multiple views Data Presentation Modification Internationalization Future-oriented TREE STRUCTURE  RULES Elements must have a closing tag Tags are case sensitive Properly nested Must have a root element Attributes values must be quoted FIND THE ERROR XML TECHNOLOGY XML APPLICATIONS XML IN PRACTICAL WORLD Content Management Web Services RSS  REFERENCE Shashi Banzal. 2017. Learning XML. Laxmi Publications Pvt. Limited. Learning Exercise 1