Resource Analysis I (GEOG 363) Past Paper 2018/2019 PDF

# KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI ## COLLEGE OF SCIENCE ### DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE #### YEAR 3 ##### BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2018/2019 ###### THIRD YEAR ####### GEOG 363: RESOURCE ANALYSIS I DECEMBER, 2019 Time: 2 HOURS INDEX NUM...

# KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI ## COLLEGE OF SCIENCE ### DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE #### YEAR 3 ##### BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2018/2019 ###### THIRD YEAR ####### GEOG 363: RESOURCE ANALYSIS I DECEMBER, 2019 Time: 2 HOURS INDEX NUMBER ## SECTION A: Multiple Choice [30 marks] **INSTRUCTION:** Answer ALL Questions in this section. Circle the most appropriate answer on the question paper. 1. What according to Zimmermann is the premier resource of man? * The earth * Man's wisdom * Natural resource * Human resource 2. Which of these is not a “consumed by use" resource? * Oil * Coal * Air * Gas 3. All the following are non-critical zone resources except * solar energy * tides * soil * waves 4. Recyclable resource refers to * bauxite * metallic minerals * silver * elemental minerals 5. Theoretically recoverable resources include * iron * metallic minerals * elemental minerals * copper 6. Critical zone resources will include * fish * water in aquifer * wind * forest * solar energy 7. The essential difference between stock resource and flow resource lies in * the material composition of the resource. * the fluidity of the resource. * timescales over which they are formed. * the formational processes they go through. 8. Which of the following is not a stock resource? * Gold * Potash * Soil * Natural gas 9. The total quantity of a substance or property within the geosystem is called * rock * the crust * resource base * natural resource 10. Flow resources refer to * all resources that are characteristically mobile. * all water bodies, including seas, rivers, streams and lakes. * all resources which are naturally renewed within a sufficiently short period of time. * all resources that can be used over and over again. 11. According to Roy (2000), resource must possess two important properties. These are * functionality and durability * functionality and carcity * functionality and utility * functionality and transferability 12. "It is rather more valid to suggest that population growth is a major factor in determining the nature of agricultural development rather than being constrained by it". Who expressed this view? * Edward Ackerman * Thomas Malthus * Esther Boserup * Joseph Fisher 13. Any thing or process that restricts a substance from becoming resource is called * obstacle * friction * resistance * neutral stuff 14. "It is technology which gives value to the neutral stuffs which it processes; and as the useful arts advance the gifts of nature are remade. With technology on the march, the emphasis of value shifts from the natural to the processed goods". To whom is this statement attributed? * Judith Rees * Hamilton * Bowman * Zimmermann 15. Which of the following statements are true? * Resource creation process is static and not dynamic * The word resource does not refer to a thing or a substance but to the function which a thing or a substance may perform or an operation in which it may take part to attain a given end. * In pre- Zimmermann era, only tangible or material substances were considered resources. * What is a natural resource in one culture may be 'neutral stuff in another culture. * The functions of natural resources relate with the capabilities of mankind. 16. "Resources are not, they become; they are not static but expand and contract in response to human wants and human actions" Who said this? * B. Mitchell * J. Rees * E. W. Zimmermann * P.K. Roy 17. The process through which the working population could be used in the most effective way and non-productive population can be converted into productive population is termed human resource * organization * development * management * supervision 18. In the Malthusian perspective * food supply is regarded as the dependent variable * population is regarded as the independent variable * population is regarded as the dependent variable * food supply is regarded as the intermediate variable 19. It is a technology source area with high population in both absolute numbers and density. The countries are smaller and their heritage of resources less abundant and fragmentary. There is also no room for trial and error. This describes Zelinsky's * type A regions * type B regions * type C regions * type D regions 20. According to Zimmermann, attributes of nature are no more than a/an...... until man is able to perceive their presence, to recognize their capacity to satisfy human wants, and then devise means to utilize them. * appraisal * resistance * neutral stuff. * resource 21. Which of the regions per Zelinsky's classification is described as the most unfortunate? * type A regions * type B regions * type Cregions * type D regions 22. Resource popularly signifies... * that upon which one relies for aid, support or supply. * means to an end. * a source or possibility of resistance. * means of support. * the capacity to take advantage of opportunities or to extricate oneself from difficulties. 23. The basis of classifying resource into flow and fund is * ownership * nature * distribution * durability 24. To say resources are culturally appraised means... * Man, culture and nature are integral part of resource creation process. * resources and culture operate side-by-side. * culture must be appraised in resource creation. * Man is at the top of the hierarchy of resource creation process. 25. Which of the following is not a ubiquitous resource? * Sunshine * Air * Wind * Ants 26. In which of the Zelinsky's regional classifications would Ghana best fit? * type A regions * type B regions * type Cregions * type D regions 27. Resource is a product of a three-way interaction of * human, nature and resistance. * environment, man and technology. * environment, human and resistance. * nature, culture and man. 28. What does the statement 'resources are not, they become' mean? * Resources do not exist. * Resources come into existence through discovery. * There are no resources without resistances. * Resources are defined by man. 29. The basic precondition that must be satisfied before any element can be classified as a resource are: * knowledge about its existence * availability of technical skills for extraction and utilization * there must be a demand for the materials or services produced * presence of resistance * presence of educated people 30. The tradition that forbids the use of canoes on Lake Bosumtwe constitutes * culture. * custom and beliefs. * bye-law. * resistance. 31. Affluence in the IPAT equation is normally measured by... * per capita income * per capita production * per capita consumption * Gross Domestic Product * Net National Product 32. IPAT has been widely used within ecological economics, due to its... * predictive power and simplicity * simplicity and reliability * malleability and simplicity * clarity and simplicity 33. The view that population growth stimulates technological and social advances, which results in bettering the quality of life is termed * Malthusian view * Boserupian view * Neo-Malthusian view * Cornucopian view 34. According to Lambin et al., (2001), one flaw in the IPAT equation is that ... * the variables are too abstract. * it is too simple. * it is too prescriptive. * it has within it a neo-Malthusian view. 35. The view that population growth must be controlled, if not reduced because the world is full and additional population growth would result in irreversible environmental degradation is termed... * pessimist perspective * Malthusian view * optimist view * neo-Malthusian view 36. Which of the following is not an ecological function of riparian buffer zone? * Improves water quality by trapping sediment and chemicals from runoff before they reach water courses. * Stabilize stream banks and prevent soil erosion * Provide a cooling effect on both terrestrial and aquatic habitats by shielding them from direct sun rays. * Provide local community dwellers with valuable timber and alternative sources of income from non-timber forest products. 37. Where one resource commodity takes over the role of another it is referred to as * Substitution. * Complementarity * Indirect substitution * Direct substitution. 38. In a perfectly working market economy, what will happen the price of any commodity which was becoming scarce? * It will fall * It will stabilize * It will rise and later fall * It will rise 39. In 1968, Garrett Hardin wrote the 'Tragedy of the Commons'. By 'commons', he meant * the downtrodden. * the populous segment of the society. * majority party. * commonly owned resources. 40. The belief is that market forces are strong enough to bring about changes in the supply of natural resources for national development is associated with the * Malthusian Thesis * Boserupian Thesis * Pessimist School * Optimist School 41. Which of these personalities was a noted environmentalist and a devoted protagonist of sustainable development? * Ernest Lutz * Yusuf Ahmed * Salah El-Serafy * Barbara Ward 42. Which of the following concepts has been adopted as a means to improve efficient use and conservation of water resources in Ghana? * Integrated Water Resource Management. * Rainwater harvest * Afforestation and re-afforestation * Sustainable Water Management The following equation is attributed to Ackerman. Use it to answer questions 43 – 48. ``` PS = RQ (TAS + E + T + F - W ``` 43. What is the relationship between 'P' and 'S'? * Both lie at the demand side * Both lie at the supply side * Direct * Inverse 44. 'F' is the frugality element * True * False 45. 'A' is the availability of resources * True * False 46. 'Q' denotes quantity of resource * True * False 47. Es is a function of the territorial surface * True * False 48. Tr denotes resources added through export. * True * False 49. Man plays a dual role in the sense that he is both a producer of resources and an overcomer of resistances. * True * False 50. As a resource, gold is relatively more stable than palm tree. * True * False 51. Conservation is a matter of interest only if present use does not compete with future use. * True * False 52. Elemental abundance is measured by dividing the weight of the earth by the resource base. * True * False 53. Many of the man-made ecosystems are essentially very stable but the margin of stability is not very wide. Most countries rely on a 'ghost acreage' of food-producing land and water outside their national boundaries. This describes Zelinsky's region B. * True * False 54. Resources are the bases of both security and opulence as well as the foundations of power and wealth. * True * False 55. Culture is a joint product of interaction between man and nature. * True * False 56. 'Knowledge' is the mother of all resources. * True * False 57. The term Phantom Pile suggests that it is technological knowledge that can derive extra resource hidden within a substance. * True * False 58. The fact that resources are dynamic suggests that what is not a resource today may be a resource tomorrow. * True * False 59. A philosophy of equality of opportunity for all generations regardless of time demands that resources be kept in a state not below their natural level. * True * False 60. The use of "second hand" materials at the expense of freshly mined mineral resources is a form of substitution. * True * False ## SECTION B: Supply precise and concise answers to the following questions in the spaces provided (40 Marks) 1. Calculate the resource base for 200 metric tons of earth given that the elemental abundance as 3500g/metric tons. (3 marks). 2. The main thrust of the optimist school as regards future availability of stock resources is (4 marks). 3. Outline four challenges to the market response model (4 marks). * i). * ii).. * iii).. * iv). 4. Calculate the Static Life Index for mineral X, given that the current proven reserve is 82,000 units and the annual rate of consumption is 40 units (2 marks). 5. Culture has a unique dichotomy. This means.. (3 marks). 6. What is the main limitation of the Malthusian and Boserupian perspectives? (2 mark). 7. Explain the difference between Economic exhaustion and Physical exhaustion.. (4 marks). 8. Outline two differences between Malthusian and Boserupian perspectives (2 marks). * i. * ii.......... 9. Two weaknesses of the Pessimists about the future availability of stock resources are (2 marks). * i. * ii...... 10. Country X has abundant and more diversified natural resources than country Y yet Y is far ahead of X in terms of development. As concisely as possible, explain the underlying reasons [6 marks]. 11). What light does the Brundtland Report shed on our understanding of the relationship between population, natural resources, environment and development? [2 marks] 12). Outline any four practical ways of ensuring sustainable management of water resources [4 marks] * i). * ii)......... * iii). * iv). 13). Outline two practical steps that Ghana can take to ensure that bauxite is available not only for the present generation but also the future ones. [2 marks] * i...... * ii. K. Abass