Research is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.pdf

Research is the systematic investigation and o Maintenance of study of materials and sources to establish facts Records and reach new conclusions. o Careful control or ⮚...

Research is the systematic investigation and o Maintenance of study of materials and sources to establish facts Records and reach new conclusions. o Careful control or ⮚ Research is done by applying what is Observation of known (if anything), and building on it. Conditions Additional knowledge can be discovered ⮚ Often funded by public authorities, by by proving existing theories, and by charitable organizations and by private trying to better explain observations. groups ⮚ We may have to find some new algorithms, methods or replicate existing method to against others by What are the types of Scientific Research? proving the facts. Basic Research ⮚ Research should be specific, systematic, ▪ Often described as research without any organized and objective. clear goals, or science to satisfy the What is the importance of Research? curiosity of a lone scientist without anyone else even realizing that it exists. ⮚ A Tool for Building Knowledge and for Facilitating Learning ▪ Goal: To expand Man’s Knowledge ⮚ Means to Understand Various Issues - How was the Universe made? and Increase Public Awareness - Why is the light faster than sound? ⮚ An Aid to Business Success - Who came first: Chicken or Egg? ⮚ A Way to Prove Lies and to Support Applied Research Truths ▪ Seeks to solve a specific problem or ⮚ Means to Find, Gauge, and Seize provide innovative solutions to issues Opportunities affecting an individual, group or society. ⮚ A Seed to Love Reading, Writing, ▪ Goal: To Improve Human’s Condition Analyzing, and Sharing Valuable - How to create a vaccine for Covid-19? Information - How to prevent insects from eating the ⮚ Nourishment and Exercise for the Mind crops? Scientific Research - How to burn fats without working out? ⮚ It relies on the application of the What are the types of Research? scientific method Qualitative Research ⮚ Provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the ▪ Involves collecting and analyzing non- nature and the properties of the world numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, ⮚ Distinctive Character: opinions, or experiences.  ▪ Result: Words 3. Know your respondents and the setting of your study ▪ Used to understand how people experience the world. Specify who your respondents will be, and where will they come from. ▪ Informants Example: Grade 11 ICT Students of Arellano ▪ Interviews and Transcription University – Pasig Quantitative Research 4. Gather all your Subjects and Construct your ▪ Involves collecting and analyzing Title now. numerical data for statistical analysis. IV: Modular & Online Class ▪ Results: Numbers DV: Studying Oral Communication ▪ Used to put numerical assignments to Problem: Effectiveness the problem being investigated so that the data can be transformed into Respondents: Grade 11 ICT Students statistics. Setting: Arellano University - Pasig ▪ Respondents Final Title: Modular Vs. Online Class: Its ▪ Survey, Checklist and Tallying Effectiveness in studying Oral Communication to the Grade 11 ICT Students of Arellano ▪ Statistics University – Pasig How to construct a Quantitative Title? Rules in writing a Research Paper 1.Know the difference between DEPENDENT 1. Use 3rd Person Point of View and INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 2. Avoid Contractions A Dependent variable represents a quantity whose value depends on how the independent 3. Use Passive Voice variable is manipulated. 4. Paraphrase an article An Independent variable is a variable that 5. Summarize an article represents a quantity that is being manipulated. It is something you can control over. 6. Chapter 1 Example: You want to know the difference of The Problem and It’s Background studying Oral Communication through Online Class and Modular Parts of Chapter 1 2. Find out the problem you are seeking to give 1. Introductory Paragraph answer for. 2. The Problem and It’s Background Example: Impact/Effectiveness/Accessibility 3. Theoretical Framework 4. Conceptual Framework 5. Statement of the Problem  6. Hypothesis ❖ The most commonly used paradigm is the System’s or the Input-Process- 7. Significance of the Study Output (IPO) Approach. 8. Scope and Limitations ❖ Conceptual Framework is the idea on 9. Definition of Terms how to implement a strategy according to the appropriateness of the idea to the What’s inside your Introduction? respondents. 1. Trends Statement of the Problem 2. Issues It is usually stated in one broad statement 3. Objectives followed by specific questions that relate to the main problem. Answers to these 4. Contributions questions when put together provide ❑ Provides general information about the answers to the general problem topic. General Guidelines in Formulating the Background of the Study Statement of the Problem It provides History of the topic, subjects of the 1. Begin with a broad statement expressing study, and other strategies compared or tested. the general concern of the study. Setting of the Study 2. Ask a series of three or more questions that are related to the general problem. ❖ Specially gives information regarding the location of the study. 3. Arrange questions in logical order. 4. Avoid asking Yes/No question. ❖ The history of the private university where the students are enrolled in, the Hypothesis town or city where the respondent’s live. ❑ What does the researcher expects to Theoretical Framework come out of his/her research work? ❖ THEORY - Explains the presentation or ❑ Hypothesis is the TENTATIVE explanation procedures. for certain behavior, phenomenon, or events which have occurred or will occur. ❖ It presents the theoretical basis of the study, which maybe an established Null Hypothesis learning principle or theory. ❑ There is no significant relationship Conceptual Framework between sleeping habits to self-esteem of grade 12 students. ❖ CONCEPT – An idea. Alternative Hypothesis ❖ Illustrates the process undertaken by the researcher in conducting the study. ❑ There is significant relationship between sleeping habits to self-esteem of grade 12 students. Significance of the Study 2. Foreign Literature This part of the research contains the 3. Local Literature beneficiary's of the research. 4. Foreign Studies Importance of the study to any group which may 5. Local Studies derive in any form of benefits from the findings of the study. 6. Synthesis Scope and Limitations Selecting and Reviewing Related Literature and Studies -Scope states what the study covers and fix its parameters. ❖ RRLs is helpful in knowing the ideas of -Limitations specify certain constraints in the others interested in the research study which are essential, but which the question, similar or related to the study researcher has no control of. you are undertaking. Definition of Terms It consists of discussions of facts and principles to which your study is related. 1. For the better understanding of this study, the following terms are define in Local Vs Foreign the context of this research. ❑ If printed in the Philippines they are 2. Instrument for unlocking difficulties. LOCAL 3. You may also include newly invented or ❑ If printed outside of the country, they coined words, technical terms and are FOREIGN regardless of the words with special meaning. citizenship of the author. 4. Alphabetically arranged. ❑ RRLs are inquiries, investigations, researchers already conducted to which 5. State definitions in complete sentences. your proposed study is related or has Two Types of Definitions some bearing. 1. Conceptual/Theoretical Definitions ❑ They are usually unpublished materials Base on the literal definitions which such as manuscripts, theses, and taken from dictionaries. dissertations. 2. Operational Definitions Three Things must be done in the Review: Specifically indicates or present the 1. It should make a critical evaluation of function or how the word or term was the studies and examine the used in the research. appropriateness of their research Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and designs to the present study. Studies 2. It should show how the methodology of Parts of Chapter 2 the previous study is replicated , modified, or improved in the present 1. The Introductory Paragraph study.  3. It should show how the present study will contribute to existing literature and studies. Foreign and Local Literature Contains IDEAS, GENERALIZATIONS or PRINCIPLES and other materials written by a FOREIGN or a LOCAL author Foreign and Local Study Contains FINDINGS, and/or CONCLUSIONS taken from THESES or DISSERTATIONS conducted by FOREIGN or LOCAL researchers. Synthesis ❑ This is the summary of your whole CHAPTER 2. ❑ This portion may logically be condensed into a coherent write-up of the studies and literature. ❑ Similarities and Differences of your RRLs APA Referencing Style In text Citation ❑ Referring the authors within the main body of the paper. Bibliography ❑ Referring the authors at the end of the paper. It can also be called REFERENCES.