Indus Valley Civilization PDF

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION  INDUS CIVILIZATION An ancient society that thrived in the Indus River Valley, located in modern- day Pakistan and northwest India One of the earliest known urban cultures in the world Existed around 3300-1300 BCE Made significant contributions to the development of...

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION  INDUS CIVILIZATION An ancient society that thrived in the Indus River Valley, located in modern- day Pakistan and northwest India One of the earliest known urban cultures in the world Existed around 3300-1300 BCE Made significant contributions to the development of human civilization  CONTRIBUTIONS Urban Planning and Infrastructure The Indus Valley people built well-planned cities with advanced infrastructure. Their cities had a grid-like layout, sophisticated drainage systems, and sturdy brick buildings.  CONTRIBUTIONS Technology and Trade The use of bronze tools and the construction of seagoing ships. They engaged in extensive trade networks, exchanging goods like pottery, jewelry, and cotton textiles with neighboring civilizations.  CONTRIBUTIONS Agriculture and Farming The Indus Valley people were skilled farmers who cultivated a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, and rice. They developed advanced irrigation techniques to support their agricultural practices.  CONTRIBUTIONS Arts and Culture Had a rich cultural life, with evidence of pottery, jewelry, and other artistic works. The abundance of fertility statues and other women figurines indicated that women were given importance in the Indus Valley society.  CONTRIBUTIONS Influence on Religion The religious and spiritual practices of the Indus Valley people are believed to have influenced the development of Hinduism and Buddhism. Many of the deities and rituals found in these religions have roots in the Indus Valley Civilization. HINDUISM Believers preferred to be called Sanatana Dharma, a Sanskrit term for “eternal tradition or religion”. Important concepts associated with Hinduism Caste System -Brahma as the creator -Vishnu as the preserver -Shiva as the destroyer Important concepts associated with Hinduism Karma. Reincarnation and Liberation -The Hindus believed that one’s soul is reincarnated or reborn in a higher or a lower caste if he fulfilled the duties expected from the caste were he belong during his lifetime on earth.  Karma. Reincarnation and Liberation Samsara - the transmigration of soul from one body to another is called samsara which is relative to the doctrine on karma Karma - the sum of one’s action whether good or bad. Atman - inner soul Moksha - liberation or the purification of one’s soul  BUDDHISM -emerged from the growing dismay of some Hindu believers who lost faith on the long process of reincarnation as a struggle to attain happiness.  BUDDHISM Siddhartha Gautama Buddha -lived between 563 BC and 483 BC to seek for truth and enlightenment about what cause human suffering.  BUDDHISM 4 Noble Truths 1. Life is full of suffering 2. Human suffering is caused by a man’s worldly desires 3. Suffering can be removed, if one will get rid of his desires 4. One can attain Nirvana, if he follows the Eight fold path.  BUDDHISM Eight Fold Path 1. Right thoughts 5. Right actions 2. Right View 6. Right livelihood 3. Right intentions 7. Right awareness 4. Right Speech 8. Right concentration  SEATWORK #1 4 Noble Truths 1. Life is full of suffering 2. Human suffering is caused by a man’s worldly desires 3. Suffering can be removed, if one will get rid of his desires 4. One can attain Nirvana, if he follows the Eight fold path.