Professional Responsibilities - Kanna

Ch1-overview of ethics ====================== **What is Ethics? (in general)** **[\*Ethics:] is a code of behavior that is defined by the group or social system to which an individual belongs** -[Based on standards of right and wrong]-May [change over time to meet the changing needs of the society...

Ch1-overview of ethics ====================== **What is Ethics? (in general)** **[\*Ethics:] is a code of behavior that is defined by the group or social system to which an individual belongs** -[Based on standards of right and wrong]-May [change over time to meet the changing needs of the society ] **\*Moral code: Set of rules or guidelines that a person follows in order to live a good life (lifestyle)** -Establishes boundaries of generally accepted behavior (no sir thank you meme) -Different rules often have [contradictions] (different opinions) انتقادات اراء **\*Morality**-Social conventions about right and wrong (being able to differentiate about what's right or wrong) -Widely shared Ex: May vary by age, cultural group, ethnic background, religion, gender **[Definition of Ethics]** **Ethics: a set of beliefs about what's right and wrong.** **-Vitues** :acceptable behavior **-Vices:** unacceptable behavior **-Value system:** scheme of moral values (the whole system that control wether person to do good or bad ) **[Importance of integrity]** **Integrity is [a cornerstone of ethical behaviorشي اساسي يعتمد عليه]** *[People with integrity]* **-**[Act in accordance with a personal code of principles]-Spread to all people the [same respect and consideration that you desire]-[Apply the same moral standards] in all situations **Ethics in business world** In every business world there is risk, which mean risking sth with a low chance of success **[\*risk with inappropriate behavior have increased due to]** **-Globalization** **-Sensitive observation by:** Employees, owners and regulatory agencies **Why adapting good business ethics is important?** 1. **To gain the goodwill of the communityBasic responsibility to society** - Contributions to charitable organizations & non-profit institutions. - Providing benefits for employees more than legal requirements - Choosing economic opportunities might be more socially desirable then profitable. 2. **To create an organization that operates consistently.** - [Operating with honesty and integrity], staying true to corporate principles - [Operating according to standards of ethical conduct], in words and action - [Treating colleagues], customers, and consumers [with respect] - [Striving to be the best at what matters] most to the company - [Accepting personal responsibility] for actions - [Valuing diversity] - [Making decisions based on facts] and principles 3. **To produce good business (we need good ethics)** - **produce safe and effective products** \*avoid costly recalls and complains. - **Provide excellent service** \*maintain customers. - **develop and maintain strong employee relations.** \* suffer less turnover [employees leave and are replaced by new ones in a given period] \*enjoy better employee morale. - **suppliers and other business partners prefer companies that operate in a fair and ethical manner** - **[bad ethics can lead to bad business results: -]** [\* destroy employees commitment to the organizational goals ] [\* create low morals] [\* poor performance by employee] 4. **To protect the organization and its employees from legal action** - Crimes and convictions can be treated better in some countries if companies had ethics program and cooperate 5. **To avoid unfavorable publicity (public reputation)** - Value of its stock - How consumers rate products and services - Degree of supervision from government agencies - Amount of support and cooperation received from business partners - **Corporate ethics definition includes ethical behaviour, legal agreement, corporate social responsibility** **Solution:** **(1)Assign corporate ethics officer. His مكانته :-** - A [senior level manager] - Provides **vision** and **direction** in the area of business - Tries to establish an environment that encourages ethical decision making [Responsibilities include:-] - Complete supervision of the ethics function - Collecting and analysing data - Developing and explaining ethics policy - Developing and administering ethics education and training - Supervising ethics investigations **(2)Board of directors:** Board responsible for supervising management team Directors are expected to:- - Conduct themselves according to the highest standards of personal & professional integrity - Set standard from company wide ethical conduct - Ensure agreement with laws (**3) Code of ethics:** \- Identifies values & principles important to an organization \- Highlights an organization's key ethical issues \- Focuses employees on areas of ethical risks \- Cannot gain company-wide acceptance unless \* Developed with employee participation \* Fully recognized by organization's leadership \- Must continually be applied to company's decision making \(4) **Social audit** a way of measuring, understanding, reporting an ethical performance \- [identifies the ethical mistakes committed in the past] -sets advices for avoiding similar mistakes in the future **\# Why employees are required to take ethics training? Because it encourages employees to act responsibly and ethically (often presented in small workshops)** - **Some companies base a [percentage of employee performance evaluations on:]** - Treating others fairly and with respect - Operating effectively in a multicultural environment - Accepting personal accountability - Continually developing themselves and others - Operating openly and honestly with suppliers, customers, and other employees **\*\*NOT ALL EMPLOYEES ARE PERFECT SOME DO MAKE BAD ETHICAL CHOICES. Because they may be encouraged to do whatever it takes for the job\*\*** - **Ethical decisions making** 1. **Get the facts** don't make assumptions it might be a bigger issue 2. **Identify stakeholders and their positions** seek help from stakeholders to help finding alternative solution. (some problems are sensitive) 3. **Consider the consequences of a decisions** based on the chosen alternative, we evaluate them **[numerously]** to know the consequences of choosing them 4. **Weight many guidelines & principles** consider different standards of principles based on ethical rule 5. **Develop and evaluate options** evaluate all options and alternatives taking in consideration of each consequences from several perspectives, after the selected alternative should be legally & ethically defensible to other workers 6. **Review a decision** should be chosen in an efficient, effective manner and the transmission should be pain free and easy to adapt 7. **Evaluate the result of a decision** after solution implementation, [must monitor the results] to see if the desired affect was achieved and observed its impact on the organization **Virtue ethics approach:** the best ethical choice reflects moral virtues in yourself & community - **Utilitarian approach:** the chosen ethical choice produce more benefits than harm - **fairness approach:** chosen ethical choice treats everyone the same - **common good approach:** ethical choice develops the common good **public concern about the ethical use of information technology include:-** - E-mail and Internet access monitoring - peer-to-peer network violation of copyright - unsolicited e-mail - hackers and identify theft - plagiarism - cookies and spyware **ch2-Ethics for IT Professionals** =================================== **How to be at IT professional?** - Specialized knowledge - Formal qualification - Long and concentrated academic preparation **Kind of IT specialist:-** **Are IT workers professionals?** **Legal perspective:-** - Not all IT are pro's (no stabilization, changes due development of technology) - Not licensed (some do their work as a hobby or learn from the Wi-Fi) - IT workers are not liable for misconduct. (if will perform or solve an issue they're not responsible for the issues going to happen) **Professional rp that must be managed:-** **[\ ]** **[Fundamental aspects for the IT pro's and employees rp:-]** - **Before start working** - **Provided in the company's code of conduct** - **Developed over time** (based on his work he might have a day off) - **Required by law** (provide salary on time) - **Determined by the nature of the work** (use specific tool for its major) \>\>IT pro's must set an example and implement policies regarding the ethical use of IT\\>Number of IT related security increasing around the world\