PRELIM_REVIEWER_IN_CRIM211.pdf

HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY (CRIM211) REVIEWER PRELIM TOPICS: CORE UNITS INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT - STAGES IN THE LIFE SPAN - FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN BEHAVIOR ATTRIBUTES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR - FACULTIES OF M...

HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY (CRIM211) REVIEWER PRELIM TOPICS: CORE UNITS INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT - STAGES IN THE LIFE SPAN - FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN BEHAVIOR ATTRIBUTES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR - FACULTIES OF MAN - FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN BEHAVIOR - PATHOGENIC FAMILY STRUCTURE THEORIES RELATED TO BEHAVIOR AND THEIR PROPONENTS - BASIC ELEMENTS & CHARACTERS - SOMATOTYPING THEORY - BIOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN AND DEVELOPMENT HUMAN BEHAVIOR - Is the study of human conduct the way a person behaves or acts; includes the study of human activities. PSYCHOLOGY – Scientific study of the mind and behavior. PSYCHOLOGIST - involved in studying and understanding mental processes, brain functions, and behavior. DEVELOPMENT - Is a progressive series of changes that occur as a result of maturation and experience. STAGES IN THE LIFE SPAN 1. PRE-NATAL PERIOD - (270 TO 280 days or 9 months) 2. INFANCY - (birth to 2nd week) 3. BABYHOOD - (2nd week to 2nd year) 4. EARLY CHILDHOOD - (2 years old to 6 years old) 5. LATE CHILDHOOD - (6 to 10 or 12 years) 6. PUBERTY OR PRE-ADOLESCENCE - (10 or 12 to 13 or 14 years of age) 7. ADOLESCENCE - (13 or 14 to 18 years of age) 8. EARLY ADULTHOOD - (18 to 40 years of age) 9. MIDDLE AGES - (40 to 60 years of age)  10. OLD AGE or SENESCENCE - (60 years to death) BEHAVIOR – An organism’s responses to stimulation or environment that can be observed. ATTITUDE – A manner if acting, feeling or thinking that shows one’s disposition, opinion etc. PERSONALITY – Habitual patterns and qualities of behavior of any individuals as expressed by physical and mental activity HUMAN BEHAVIOR - The voluntary and involuntary attitude a person adopts in order to fit society’s idea of right or wrong TWO BASIC TYPES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR Inherited or Innate Behavior – Refers to Genetic Endowment Learned or Operant Behavior – Involves Cognitive Adaptation FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN BEHAVIOR HEREDITY ENVIRONMENT LEARNING ATTRIBUTES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR CRIME is a Social Phenomenon – Means Individual behavior could be attributed with his experiences and interaction to his environment. EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME COMMISSION - Socially - Morally - Psychologically DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM – According to him “crime is essential in our society”. ABRAHAMSEN – He founded the formula for Crime which is: C = (TXR)/R Where: C - Crime T -Tendencies S – situation or setting R - Resistance EIGHT ATTRIBUTES OR CHRATERISTICS OF BEHAVIOR o OVERT BEHAVIOR – behaviors that are observable o COVERT BEHAVIOR – those that are hidden from the view of observer o SIMPLE BEHAVIOR – less neurons consumed in behaving o COMPLEX BEHAVIOR – combination of simple behavior o RATIONAL BEHAVIOR – acting with sanity or with reasons o IRRATIONAL BEHAVIOR – acting without reason o VOLUNTARY BEHAVIOR – done with full volition of will o INVOLUNTARY BEHAVIOR – bodily processes that goes on even when we are wake or asleep. THREE LEVEL OF BEHAVIOR o VEGETATIVE LEVEL – responsible for nurturing and reproduction. o ANIMAL LEVEL – movement and sensation, mostly the use of the senses and sex drives. o HUMAN/PSYCHE LEVEL – values and morals, reason and the will. THREE FACULTIES OF MAN WILL – Faculty which rational minds makes choice of its ends of action. INTELLIGENT – The power of perception of thought or power of understanding. SOUL – Rational, Emotional and Volitional faculties of man. PATHOGENIC FAMILY STRUCTURES INADEQUATE FAMILY – In ability to cope with the ordinary family living. ANTI-SOCIAL FAMILY – Espouses unacceptable values as parents influences their children. DISCONCORDANT FAMILY – Dissatisfaction of one or both parents from relationship that may express feelings of frustration. DISRUPTED FAMILY – characterized by incompleteness whether as a result of separation or some other circumstances. DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INSTITUTIONAL INFLUENCES – Such as peer, media, church and school. SOCIO-CULTURAL - such as war employment problems, discrimination and violence. NUTRITION – insufficiency of physiological needs of man to life healthy. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FAMILY BACKGROUNDS INFLUENCES OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA BASIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR CHARACTERS HIPPOCRATES – A Greek philosopher, who suggest that there are 4 basic element and Body Fluids. GALEN – Roman Physician who define the character of the basic elements by Hippocrates. BASIC ELEMENTS BODY FLUIDS CHARACTER Air Blood SAGUINE (Cheerful) Water Phlegm PHLEGMATIC (Calm/Survivor) Earth Black Bile MELANCHOLIC (Depressed/ Low-moral) Fire Yellow Bile CHOLERIC (Anger) SOMATOTYPING THEORY – A theory who suggest that there is a specific crime in each body type and the crime they can commit. ASTHENIC = ECTOMORP = Secretive/Privacy ATLETHIC = MESOMORP = Adventurous/ Competitive PYKNIC = ENDOMORP = Affectionate/Sociable ERNST KRETCHMER – The founder of Somatotyping theory. WILLIAM SHELDON – The one who popularized the Somatotyping theory GENOTYPE – Information of Origin. PHENOTYPE – Physical appearance due to traits. NATURE THEORY – The IQ is inherited through genetics (Biological). NURTURE THEORY – The IQ is partly (biological) but, mostly (sociological) means it can be learned through experiences in society. BIOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY by (HANS J. EYSENCK) - Personality as the stable and enduring organization personal character. (Character, Temperament, Intellect and Physique) THREE COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY by (SIGMUND FREUD) ID – “The pleasure Principle” EGO – “The reality Principle” SUPEREGO – “The Morality Principle”