Pain Assessment And Management PPT PDF

PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT MS.R.DEVISRI, B.Sc (N)., NURSING TUTOR, KARPAGA VINAYAGA COLLEGE OF NURSING.  WHAT IS PAIN ? Pain is an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience that links to tissue damage. - International association for the study of pain (IASP) ...

PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT MS.R.DEVISRI, B.Sc (N)., NURSING TUTOR, KARPAGA VINAYAGA COLLEGE OF NURSING.  WHAT IS PAIN ? Pain is an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience that links to tissue damage. - International association for the study of pain (IASP)  TYPES OF PAIN  Acute pain – Short duration , healing process in 30 days.  Chronic pain – Its persist for the more than 3-6 month.  Physiological pain- it leads to potential tissue damage.  Somatic pain – It involves superficial tissues (skin, bone, muscle, joints)  Visceral pain- It involves organs (heart, stomach & liver)  Neuropathic pain – changes in the nerve cells.  ASSESSMENT OF PAIN  Assessment of pain includes,  Subjective data  Objective data  SUBJECTIVE DATA 1. PAIN HISTORY:  while taking pain history , nurse must provide an opportunity for clients to express their own words, how they view it and their situation.  This is will help the nurse to identify patient pain and how to cope up with it.  SUBJECTIVE DATA 2. ONSET AND DURATION OF OCCURRENCE:  When did pain begin?  How long has it lasted?  Does it occur at same time each day?  How often does it occurs?  SUBJECTIVE DATA 3. LOCATION:  In which area it is felt? Do the area differ under different circumstances?  If several parts of body are painful, do pain occur simultaneously?  Is pain unilateral/ bilateral?  Ask the individual to point site of discomfort?  SUBJECTIVE DATA 4. INTENSITY:  Use of pain intensity scale is an easy and reliable method of determining the clients pain intensity.  Most scales are either 0 to 5 or 0 to 10  Currently used scales are: Numerical scale Descriptive scale Visual analog scale TYPES OF PAIN SCALE 1. DESCRIPTIVE SCALE 2. NUMERICAL SCALE 3. VISUAL ANALOG SCALE  PAIN ASSESSMENT SCALE 1. Numerical rating scale:  A numerical rating scale with the range of 0 to 10 is another type of pain scale that is used.  The word ‘no pain’ appear by “0” and “worst pain possible” is found by “10”.  Patient are asked to choose a number from 0 to 10 that best reflects his/her level of pain. NUMERICAL RATING SCALE  PAIN SCALE 2. Verbal rating scale: Verbal pain scales as name suggest, use words to describe pain. Word such as no pain, mild pain, moderate pain and severe pain are used to describe pain levels.  PAIN SCALE 3. Visual analogue scales:  VAS use a vertical or horizontal line with words that convey “no pain” at one end and “worst pain” at opposite end.  Patient is asked to place a mark along line that indicates his/her level of pain. VISUAL ANALOG SCALE PAIN SCALE  NURSING ASSESSMENT  Assess the patients risk for pain (Ex. Those undergoing invasive procedures, anxious patients)  Assess the patient response to previous pharmacological interventions, especially ability to function.  Examine the site of patients pain or discomfort.  Assess for physical, behavioral and emotion signs and symptoms of pain: (moaning, decreased activity, abnormal guilt and irritability) OBJECTIVE DATA OBJECTIVE DATA OBJECTIVE DATA OBJECTIVE DATA  PREPARATION OF EQUIPMENTS 1. Pain scale 2. Privacy screen as per need 3. Patient case sheet NURSING PROCEDURE S. NO NURSING PROCEDURE ACTION NURSING PROCEDURE 1. Explain the procedure to the Promotes compliance. patient. 2. Wash hand and wear gloves if To prevent needed. transmission of microorganisms. 3. Provide privacy if needed. To provide comfort. 4. Ensure presence of easy lighting. For easy assessment. 5. Assess the level of pain using a pain scale in the following method: assess characteristics of pain, using PQRSTU of pain assessment: Provocative/palliative factors- what makes your pain better or worse? Quality – tell me what your pain feels like? Region / radiation – show me where your pain is. Where is the pain spreading to? Severity – using a pain intensity scale appropriate to the patient age, developmental level, and comprehension , ask the patient to rate the pain, it has to be related in descriptive and numerical scale for adults and visual analog for children. Timing – ask the patient if pain is continuous, intermittent, constant or a combination. Ask the patient , “ how is the pain affecting you?” 6. Ask the remedial non- To decide the care to pharmacological and be given and the pharmacological taken at home avoid duplication of and in the hospital. care. 7. Mark it in the pain assessment Serves as an form. evidence for the care. 8. Perform hand hygiene and Reduces discard gloves, if used. transmission of infections.  RECORDING & REPORTING  Record and report the character of pain before intervention, therapies used and patients response.  SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION  Patient expressed constant pain at the lumbar region of the back. He/she said that it does not radiate but increases eve with mild physical activity. The level of pain was assessed using numerical and descriptive pain scale. The pain score was 6/10 and the patient expressed moderate level of pain. Hot water bag applied and T. Dolo 650mg administered as per doctors order. THANK YOU ……