GE-113 Understanding The Self PDF

GE- 113 Understanding The Self Definition of Philosophy: Philo " Love" and Sophia " Wisdom" or The Love Of Wisdom 4 periods of Philosophy: - Ancient Classical Period ( cosmocentric - change and permanence) - Medieval Period ( theocentric - faith and reason ) - Modernity Period ( anthropo...

GE- 113 Understanding The Self Definition of Philosophy: Philo " Love" and Sophia " Wisdom" or The Love Of Wisdom 4 periods of Philosophy: - Ancient Classical Period ( cosmocentric - change and permanence) - Medieval Period ( theocentric - faith and reason ) - Modernity Period ( anthropocentric - reason and senses) - Post - Modernity Period ( absence of a central concern, plurality and particularity ) ANCIENT CLASSICAL PERIOD - Socrates - known for his Socratic Method, it is a way of seeking truth trough persistent questioning. Key Beliefs : - The immortal soul - Virtue and Happiness - Self-knowledge - The difference between the visible world ( physical, changeable) and the invisible (eternal, unchangeable) nature of soul. - Plato- known for his Theory Of Forms, it proposed that physical world is the shadow of the true reality Tripartite soul : Soul has 3 parts - Appetitive - Rational - Spirited - Allegory of the Cave - this illustrates the difference between the world of appearance and the world of reality. MODERN PERIOD - Rene' Descartes- Father of modern philosophy and emphasizes rationalism. - "cogito ergo sum" which means " I think, therefore I am" - Mind-Body Dualism Mind( immaterial) is distinct from Body ( material substance) - The mind is constant and unaffected by time while body changes. - David Hume- empiricism and Knowledge comes from sense of experience. - Argued Rene' Descartes view of constant self and then, proposed the Bundle of Theory which means that Self is a collection of impressions and experiences. - Impressions are stronger than ideas - Passion ( feelings) can dictate actions POST-MODERN PERIOD - Sigmund Freud- psychoanalysis and the structure of the mind is divided into: - Id - pleasure principle or seeks for gratification - Ego - reality priciple that mediates the Id and reality - Superego - societal norms and morals - The unconcious mind is a repository of a repressed memories and socially unacceptable desires. THE CONCEPT OF SELF IN WESTERN THOUGHT ( Frank Johnson) Mnemonic: AMIM 1. Analytical- the self is an observer from external objects ( me vs. Others ) 2. Monotheistic - the self is modeled after unitary, omnipotent being (God). 3. Individualistic - the self is define through self- expressions and self-actualization. 4. Materialistic- emphasis on physical reality EASTERN CONCEPT OF SELF 1. Hinduism - the self is part of brahman and one's journey involves recognizing the brahman within oneself and others. 2. Buddhism - the self is viewed as not permanent and constantly changing. 3. Confucianism - the self is not an individual entity but deeply embedded with family and society or societal roles. 4. Taoism - the self is one of the countless manifestations of the Tao ( the way). Chuang-tzu - states that entity engaged in self- transformation to achieve harmony with nature and society. KEY CULTURAL DIFFERENCES : - Western - Individualism - independence, personal freedom and uniqueness. - Linear view of life - external achievements and rational problem-solving - Emphasis on material success - Eastern - Collectivism - interdependence family and community relationships. - Cyclical view of life - spiritual growth and harmony with the universe and spiritual practices like meditation and self-reflection. What is Psychology? It is a study of human behavior, thought process and emotions. - Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory - His theory suggest that cognitive development is influenced by both biological maturation and experiences in the environment. - Schema - mental framework that help us organize our knowledge and experiences. - Adaptation - the process where individuals adjust their schemas in response to new experiences. STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT - Sensori-motor stage (0-2 yrs) - Pre-operational stage (2-7 yrs) - Concrete operational stage (7-11 yrs) - Formal operational stage ( 12+ yrs) Harter's Self Development Concept - Dr. Susan Harter examine how self-concept evolves in different life stages: - Early childhood - Middle childhood - Adolescence - Emerging adulthood Wiliams James Introduced the concept of: I. Self : the self is aware and reflective. Me- Self : the self can be observed as ; - Material self - Social self - Spiritual self Carl Rogers view of self: importance of self actualization - Ideal Self - the one you aspires to be - Real Self - the our current thoughts and feelings KEY SOCIAL STRUCTURES : - Industrialism ( MUD) - Mass production - Urbanization - Division of Labor - Capitalism ( MCC) - Market driven economy - Class conflict - Consumer culture - Institution and Social Order - Surveillance - Dynamism - Role of socialization LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY - Cultural Expression - Cognitive Development - Social Connection Language as a tool of power : - Social integration - Control and influence IMPORTANT OF PLAY AND GAMES IN SOCIALIZATION: SOCIAL SKILLS: - Role - playing - Conflict resolution Cultural transmission: - Passing of values - Community building