PHYS_LC1and2_Q1and2_Cell-MembraneCell-Transport (1).pdf

MD 105: PHYSIOLOGY Quiz 1&2: Cell Membrane | Cell Transport CMED 1A | Dr. Kristen Benedict Figuerres QUESTI...

MD 105: PHYSIOLOGY Quiz 1&2: Cell Membrane | Cell Transport CMED 1A | Dr. Kristen Benedict Figuerres QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCES The term "glycocalyx" The negatively charged The cell “glycocalyx” is the loose Guyton and Hall Review, refers to carbohydrate layer on the negatively charged carbohydrate pg. 14 outer cell surface coat on the outside of the surface of the cell membrane. The membrane carbohydrates usually occur in combination with proteins or lipids in the form of glycoproteins or glycolipids, and the “glyco” portion of these molecules almost invariably protrudes to the outside of the cell. ”Worn out" organelles are Autophagosomes Worn-out cell organelles are Guyton and Hall transferred to lysosomes transferred to lysosomes by double- Textbook of Medical by membrane structures called Physiology (14th ed.) p. autophagosomes, which are 22 formed in the cytosol. All are major functions of a) Synthesis of lipids The Golgi apparatus is the Berne & Levy Physiology endoplasmic reticulum b) Synthesis of proteins modification, sorting, and (7th ed.) p. 3 except c) Providing enzymes that packaging of proteins and lipids for control glycogen delivery to other organelles within d) Breakdown the cell or for secretion out of the e) Providing enzymes that cell. detoxify substances that could damage the cell f) Secretion of proteins synthesized in the cell Responsible for the Mitochondria ATP is then transported out of the Guyton and Hall production of adenosine mitochondrion and diffuses Textbook of Medical triphosphate in a cell throughout the cell to release its Physiology (14th ed.) p. own energy wherever it 18 is needed for performing cellular functions Lipids in the cell a) Phospholipids The 3 main types of lipids in the cell Gundaway Trans membrane except b) Sphingolipids membrane are phospholipids, PHYSIO_LC1_CELL c) Cholesterol sphingolipids, and cholesterol. PHYSIOLOGY p. 3 d) Triglyceride The following are a) Digestion of food Lysosomes are vesicular organelles Gundaway Trans description of lysosomes b) Digest degraded materials that form by breaking off PHYSIO_LC1_CELL except: c) Degrade foreign microbes from the Golgi Apparatus. PHYSIOLOGY p. 6 d) Bud from soft endoplasmic reticulum DIGESTION of the FF: 1) damaged cellular structures 2) food particles that have been ingested by the cell 3) unwanted matter such as bacteria  QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCES All of these use ameboid a) Fibroblasts Types of Cells that Exhibit Ameboid Gundaway Trans locomotion, except: b) Tubular epithelial cells Locomotion PHYSIO_LC1_CELL c) Embryonic Cells PHYSIOLOGY p. 13 d) Lysosomes 1) The WBCs when they move out of the blood into the tissues to form tissue macrophages 2) Fibroblasts move into a damaged area to help repair the damage 3) Germinal cells of the skin 4) Embryonic Cells 5) Some types of Cancer Cells Exocytosis, in most a) Magnesium Exocytosis, in most cases, is Gundaway Trans cases, is stimulated by b) Calcium stimulated by entry of calcium ions PHYSIO_LC1_CELL entry of what ion into the c) Potassium into the cell. PHYSIOLOGY p. 11 cell? d) Sulfate Which of the following Lysosomes Tissues of the body often regress to Guyton and Hall causes regression of the a smaller size. Lysosomes are Textbook of Medical damaged cells? responsible for much of this Physiology (14th ed.) p. regression 22 Chemical substance that Ligand gating Many of the channels can be Guyton and Hall binds to the channel opened or closed by gates that are Textbook of Medical proteins regulated by chemicals that bind to Physiology (14th ed.) p. the channel proteins, namely, 53 ligand-gated channels The two types of diffusion, Does not use energy (ATP) Does not require metabolic energy BRS Physiology (5th ed.) simple diffusion and and therefore, is passive. pp. 2-3 facilitated diffusion, which of the following is true? Which of the following a) Primary active transport by transport mechanisms is carrier proteins not rate limited by intrinsic b) Facilitated diffusion by Vmax? carrier proteins c) Simple diffusion d) Counter transport Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (14th ed.) p. 55 Na+ dependent transport Counter- transport Sodium-calcium counter transport Guyton and Hall of Ca++ from cytosol to occurs through all or almost all cell Textbook of Medical extracellular fluid. Type of membranes, with sodium ions Physiology (14th ed.) p. transport? moving to the interior and calcium 61 ions to the exterior; both are bound to the same transport protein in a counter transport mode.  QUESTIONS ANSWERS RATIONALE REFERENCES A clinical study is a) Hypertonic; could be If a cell is placed into a hypotonic Guyton and Hall conducted to determine hyperosmotic, hypo- solution that has a lower Textbook of Medical the actions of an unknown osmotic, or iso-osmotic concentration of impermeant Physiology (14th ed.) p. test solution on red blood b) Hypertonic; must be solutes (