Perspectives In dentistry.pdf

Parts of a tooth Enamel is the outer surface of the teeth It is the hardest material substance in the body Acids can attack and make the tooth surface soft Debri becomes acidic it can soften teeth Dentin - usually covered by enamel on the crown area and cementum on the root section. Surrounds the...

Parts of a tooth Enamel is the outer surface of the teeth It is the hardest material substance in the body Acids can attack and make the tooth surface soft Debri becomes acidic it can soften teeth Dentin - usually covered by enamel on the crown area and cementum on the root section. Surrounds the entire pulp. Yellow appearance and it greatly affects color of teeth. The more calcified the enamel the more translucent ( yellow teeth ). Less brittle than enamel , hard tissue , necessary to support enamel. Cementum - is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of the tooth. Is part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament. There are small fibres of ligaments this is important because it allows the teeth to feel shock. Periodontium ( cementum , alveolar bone , periodontal ligament , gingival tissue ) Pulp - inner portion of the tooth. Consists of living blood vessels , connective tissue and large nerves. Responsible for sensitivity of tooth. Sends signals to brain for sensitivity , pain and pressure. Crown - The top part / majority of the tooth the visible part Root - Foundation of the tooth hidden below gum line Teeth are rooted in alveolar bone Apex - the tip of the root Alveolar refers to alveolar bone Gingiva - gums Permanent teeth - 32 in total come out at 6 years , very last come out at 18 ( wisdom) Primary teeth - 20 in total come out at 6-8 months last sest 2-2 1/2 years Permanent teeth Incisor - Anterior teeth ( in front ) [central incisor these are the two in the middle , lateral incisor the tooth on either side of the central incisor , ]. Function is to bite food ,primary incisors fall out from 6-8 years. Lateral means any point away from mid line Canines ( cuspid) - known as cuspid , they are distal from the lateral incisor away from the mid line Premolars - posterior ( at the back ) also called bicuspid 1st and 2nd premolar more distal from cuspids Molars - 1st molar , 2nd , and 3rd (wisdom tooth ) Eight teeth in each quadrant 8x4 = 32 Each quadrant is assigned a number Temporary teeth - No premolars only incisor ,cuspid , molars Molars stop at second The third molar is rare in most people. 3rd molar comes out from about 18-20 years. 1st permanent molar comes out at 6 years old. 2nd molar comes out at between 11-13 years old Upper molar has 3 roots , lower has two roots. Five in each quadrant. Temporary molars will be replaced by pre molars. Temporary teeth are called milk teeth Permanent teeth are call succedaneous teeth Teeth surfaces Mesial surface - surface near the mid line of face Distal surface - away from the mid line Labial - near the lips of the patient ( anterior teeth )incisors and cuspids. Palatal surface - all the surfaces facing towards the palate ( maxillary anterior teeth ) Lingual surface - surface facing the tongue ( anterior mandibular teeth ) Buccal surface - the surfaces of premolars and molars that faces the cheek , surface of posterior teeth Incisal surface - the surface of incisors and canines ( cuspids ) that come into contact with those in the opposite jaw during the act of closure Occlusal surface - the surface of premolars and molars that come into contact with those in opposite jaws Mandibular - lower jaw Maxillary - upper jaw Denture - A removable plate or frame holding one or more artificial teeth Can either be removable or fixed Prosthesis - Artificial body part another term for denture Abscess - infection usually in gingiva Caries - dental cavity Plaque - a sticky film that coats teeth and contains bacteria Dental prophylaxis - dental cleaning , could also include a check up , dental care Edentulous- the state of having no teeth at all or missing teeth Carious lesion - Cavities usually brought by bacteria infection Extraction - pulling out of teeth Frenulum - small attachment of muscle near the lip and gums Saliva -extracellular fluid produced by salivary glands in the mouth TMJ - temporomandibular joint the two joints that connect lower jaw to your skull Definition of dentistry - evaluation , diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases , disorders and or conditions of the oral cavity , maxillofacial area and or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body provided by a dentist within the scope of their education and training Can be defined in three parts which are : Science - diagnosis , prevention , treatment. Knowledge obtained through systematised investigation Art - skills , skilled craftsmanship Vocation - intensive program , is a calling requiring specialised knowledge and technical skills following lengthy and intensive training Scope of dentistry 1) diagnosis of Oro-facial conditions and providing appropriate information to patients of diagnosis , treatment or management options and their consequences 2) Removing tooth or placing materials 3) Extract teeth 4) Perform procedures on oro-facial complex 5) Administer sedative drugs and a anaesthesia 6) Prescribe medicines 7) Restorative dentistry or performing procedures of artificial dentistry 8) Prescribing special tests 9) Radiology