Part_D_2.pdf

Answers 1. What are the primary types of CO2 storage options mentioned in the text? A. Lake type, subsurface mineralisation, and surface waste materials B. Ocean storage, mineral carbonation, and geological storage C. Enhanced oil recovery, unminable coal seams, and saline aquifers D. Dissolution ty...

Answers 1. What are the primary types of CO2 storage options mentioned in the text? A. Lake type, subsurface mineralisation, and surface waste materials B. Ocean storage, mineral carbonation, and geological storage C. Enhanced oil recovery, unminable coal seams, and saline aquifers D. Dissolution type, natural CO2 sources, and immiscible CO2 flooding Answer: Ocean storage, mineral carbonation, and geological storage (B) The text mentions ocean storage, mineral carbonation, and geological storage as primary CO2 storage options. 2. Which project is cited as an example of immiscible CO2 flooding? A. Denver Unit of Wasson Field B. Great Plains / Weyburn project C. Sleipner, Norway D. SACROC unit Answer: Great Plains / Weyburn project (B) The Great Plains / Weyburn project is cited as an example of immiscible CO2 flooding in the text. 3. What is the primary method of tertiary recovery (EOR) mentioned in the text? A. Waterflooding B. Miscible gas injection C. Foam injection D. Natural CO2 sources Answer: Miscible gas injection (B) The primary method of tertiary recovery (EOR) mentioned in the text is miscible gas injection. 4. Which field is provided as an example of tertiary recovery (EOR) using miscible gas injection? A. Val Verde, USA B. Denver Unit of Wasson Field C. Ula field, Norwegian North Sea D. SACROC unit Answer: Ula field, Norwegian North Sea (C) The Ula field in the Norwegian North Sea is provided as an example of tertiary recovery (EOR) using miscible gas injection. 5. What are the two examples of units mentioned in the context of immiscible CO2 flooding? A. SACROC unit, Great Plains / Weyburn project B. Great Plains / Weyburn project, Val Verde, USA C. SACROC unit, Denver Unit of Wasson Field D. Sleipner, Norway, Ula field, Norwegian North Sea Answer: SACROC unit, Denver Unit of Wasson Field (C) The text mentions SACROC unit and Denver Unit of Wasson Field as examples of units in the context of immiscible CO2 flooding. 6. Which of the following is not mentioned as a planned CCS hub? A. Canada B. Australia C. USA D. Europe Answer: USA (C) The text does not mention the USA as a planned CCS hub. 7. What is the primary purpose of CO2 sequestration for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)? A. To store excess CO2 from industrial processes B. To reduce CO2 emissions C. To generate renewable energy D. To enhance oil recovery Answer: To enhance oil recovery (D) The primary purpose of CO2 sequestration for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is to enhance oil recovery. 8. Which of the following is not mentioned as a type of CO2 storage in the text? A. Surface waste materials B. Lake type C. Natural gas injection D. Mineral carbonation Answer: Natural gas injection (C) Natural gas injection is not mentioned as a type of CO2 storage in the text. 9. What type of CO2 storage involves CO2 storage in un-minable coal seams? A. Coal bed methane production B. Lake type C. Dissolution type D. Surface waste materials Answer: Coal bed methane production (A) CO2 storage in un-minable coal seams is associated with coal bed methane production. 10. Which of the following is not mentioned as a method of primary, secondary, or tertiary recovery? A. Foam injection B. Miscible gas injection C. Natural gas injection D. Waterflooding Answer: Natural gas injection (C) Natural gas injection is not mentioned as a method of primary, secondary, or tertiary recovery in the text. 11. What is the objective of 'Advanced' CO2-EOR? A. Minimize CO2 sequestration and maximize profit from oil sales B. Maximize profit from oil sales C. Maximize CO2 sequestration and offset costs by producing oil D. Minimize both CO2 sequestration and profit from oil sales Answer: Maximize CO2 sequestration and offset costs by producing oil (C) The objective of 'Advanced' CO2-EOR is to maximize CO2 sequestration and offset costs by producing oil. 12. What is the break-even cost for Advanced CO2-EOR? A. $40$50 / Tonne of CO2 B. $22$32 / Tonne of CO2 C. $60$70 / Tonne of CO2 D. $15$25 / Tonne of CO2 Answer: $22$32 / Tonne of CO2 (B) The break-even cost for Advanced CO2-EOR is $22$32 / Tonne of CO2. 13. What are the tax credits for CO2 permanently stored and used in EOR according to the US Inflation Reduction act, 2022? A. $120 per tonne of CO2 permanently stored, $40 per tonne of used CO2 B. $100 per tonne of CO2 permanently stored, $50 per tonne of used CO2 C. $70 per tonne of CO2 permanently stored, $80 per tonne of used CO2 D. $85 per tonne of CO2 permanently stored, $60 per tonne of used CO2 Answer: $85 per tonne of CO2 permanently stored, $60 per tonne of used CO2 (D) According to the US Inflation Reduction act, 2022, tax credits are $85 per tonne of CO2 permanently stored and $60 per tonne of used CO2. 14. What is the expected capacity of the proposed Midwest CO2 Superhighway for sequestering CO2 annually? A. 40 million tonnes B. 80 million tonnes C. 60 million tonnes D. 20 million tonnes Answer: 40 million tonnes (A) The proposed Midwest CO2 Superhighway is expected to sequester up to 40 million tonnes of CO2 annually. 15. What is the primary recovery method that uses the reservoir's own energy? A. Water Drive B. Solution gas Drive C. Depletion drive D. Gas Cap Drive Answer: Water Drive (A) The primary recovery method that uses the reservoir's own energy is Water Drive. 16. What is the recovery factor to 2018 for the Weyburn unit oil production? A. 55% B. 25% C. 45% D. 35% Answer: 35% (D) The recovery factor to 2018 for the Weyburn unit oil production is 35%. 17. What is the estimated total storage capacity of CO2 in the Weyburn Field? A. 50 Mt CO2 B. 55 Mt CO2 C. 40 Mt CO2 D. 65 Mt CO2 Answer: 55 Mt CO2 (B) The estimated total storage capacity of CO2 in the Weyburn Field is approximately 55 Mt CO2. 18. What is the primary method of CO2 sequestration in un-minable coal seams? A. Mineral carbonation B. Sorption capacity C. Lake type D. Dissolution type Answer: Sorption capacity (B) The primary method of CO2 sequestration in un-minable coal seams is through sorption capacity. 19. What is the total volume of CO2 sequestered in enhanced coal-bed methane CO2 storage projects? A. ca. 50 kt CO2 /year B. ca. 90 kt CO2 /year C. ca. 30 kt CO2 /year D. ca. 70 kt CO2 /year Answer: ca. 50 kt CO2 /year (A) The total volume of CO2 sequestered in enhanced coal-bed methane CO2 storage projects is approximately ca. 50 kt CO2 /year. 20. Which of the following is a CO2 storage option according to the IPCC Report, 2005? A. Depleted oil/gas fields B. Surface waste materials, soils C. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) D. Subsurface mineralisation Answer: Subsurface mineralisation (D) According to the IPCC Report, 2005, a CO2 storage option is subsurface mineralisation. 21. What are the two types of CO2 EOR processes mentioned in the text? A. Immiscible and miscible B. Onshore and offshore C. Primary and secondary D. Enhanced and regular Answer: Immiscible and miscible (A) The text specifically mentions two types of CO2 EOR processes: immiscible and miscible. 22. What is the significance of Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) in EOR? A. It measures the primary oil recovery factor B. It determines the pressure required for miscible displacement C. It quantifies the impact of mobility ratio D. It indicates the immiscible nature of the CO2 flooding Answer: It determines the pressure required for miscible displacement (B) MMP is significant in EOR as it determines the pressure at which a gas becomes miscible with oil, indicating the minimum pressure required for miscible displacement. 23. Which oilfields in the USA are specifically mentioned as using CO2 EOR? A. Giant, Supergiant, Titan, Colossal B. Ghawar, Burgan, Cantarell, Daqing C. Weyburn, Wasson, SACROC, Permian Basin D. Eagle Ford, Bakken, Marcellus, Haynesville Answer: Weyburn, Wasson, SACROC, Permian Basin (C) The text specifically mentions specific USA West Texas oilfields using CO2 EOR: Weyburn, Wasson, SACROC, Permian Basin. 24. What is the focus of onshore pattern drilling in SACROC, Wasson, and Denver Unit? A. Natural gas extraction B. Enhanced oil recovery techniques C. Reservoir exploration D. Primary extraction methods Answer: Enhanced oil recovery techniques (B) The onshore pattern drilling in SACROC, Wasson, and Denver Unit focuses on enhanced oil recovery techniques, specifically related to CO2 EOR. 25. What are the sources of CO2 for CO2 EOR projects in the USA? A. Geothermal vents and oceanic release B. Landfills and sewage treatment plants C. Coal mines and agricultural activities D. Natural reservoirs and industrial sources Answer: Natural reservoirs and industrial sources (D) The text mentions that CO2 sources for CO2 EOR projects in the USA include natural reservoirs and industrial sources. 26. What is the impact of CO2 EOR on the SACROC unit in west Texas? A. Primary extraction rates and reservoir pressure B. Drilling costs and well productivity C. Cumulative injection of CO2, sweep efficiency, and recovery factor D. Natural gas reserves and exploration potential Answer: Cumulative injection of CO2, sweep efficiency, and recovery factor (C) The impact of CO2 EOR on the SACROC unit in west Texas includes cumulative injection of CO2, sweep efficiency, and recovery factor. 27. What does the relationship between injected solvent volume and incremental recovery factor indicate? A. The higher the solvent volume, the higher the incremental recovery factor B. The lower the solvent volume, the higher the incremental recovery factor C. The relationship is dependent on the oil viscosity D. There is no relationship between the two Answer: The higher the solvent volume, the higher the incremental recovery factor (A) The relationship indicates that the higher the solvent volume, the higher the incremental recovery factor, reflecting the impact of injected solvent volume on EOR. 28. What is the focus of laboratory coreflood studies on miscible solvent for oil recovery? A. Measuring natural gas content in oil reservoirs B. Analyzing the geomechanical properties of rock formations C. Studying the impact of water flooding on oil extraction D. Assessing the effectiveness of miscible solvent for oil recovery Answer: Assessing the effectiveness of miscible solvent for oil recovery (D) The focus of laboratory coreflood studies on miscible solvent for oil recovery is on assessing the effectiveness of miscible solvent for oil recovery. 29. What does the influence of mobility ratio on areal sweep efficiency refer to? A. The effect of reservoir heterogeneity on oil recovery B. The correlation between reservoir pressure and oil viscosity C. The relationship between reservoir permeability and fluid flow D. The impact of fluid mobility on the efficiency of displacing oil Answer: The impact of fluid mobility on the efficiency of displacing oil (D) The influence of mobility ratio on areal sweep efficiency refers to the impact of fluid mobility on the efficiency of displacing oil within the reservoir. 30. What is the focus of EOR through miscible CO2 flooding in terms of macroscopic sweep efficiency and recovery factor? A. Maximizing the utilization of CO2 in oil reservoirs B. Enhancing the efficiency of displacing oil and increasing recovery factor C. Minimizing the carbon footprint of EOR operations D. Reducing the environmental impact of CO2 flooding Answer: Enhancing the efficiency of displacing oil and increasing recovery factor (B) The focus of EOR through miscible CO2 flooding is on enhancing the efficiency of displacing oil and increasing the recovery factor through improved macroscopic sweep efficiency.