Neurology Drugs PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by FancyXenon
California State University, San Marcos
Tags
Summary
This document provides information on various neurological drugs, including their mechanisms of action, common side effects, and potential clinical uses. It also describes the effects a given drug has on the central nervous system (CNS). The document appears to be a chapter or section from a larger medical textbook, possibly covering pharmacology.
Full Transcript
Seizures Hydantoins Epilepsy Stabilize nerve membranes Most common relate to CNS Phenytoin (Dilantin) throughout CNS directly by depression Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx,...
Seizures Hydantoins Epilepsy Stabilize nerve membranes Most common relate to CNS Phenytoin (Dilantin) throughout CNS directly by depression Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx, influencing ionic channels in cell Effects related to cellular Sesquient) membranes, thereby decreasing toxicity: severe liver toxicity, excitability and hyperexcitability to bone marrow suppression, stimulation gingival hyperplasia, Reduce tonic–clonic, muscular, and potentially serious emotional responses to stimulation dermatological reactions, frank malignant lymphoma Barbiturates Inhibit impulse conduction in Most common relate to CNS Phenobarbial (Solfoton, ascending RAS, depress cerebral depression Luminal) cortex, alter cerebellar function, Phenobarbital depress motor nerve output May be associated with Stabilize nerve membranes physical dependence and throughout the CNS directly by withdrawal syndrome influencing ionic channels in the cell Linked to severe membrane à decrease excitability dermatological reactions and and hyperexcitability to stimulation development of drug tolerance *mointor for vital signs,m have resuscitation equipment at bedside BENZODIAZEPINES Anxiety, Sedation Enhances GABA Most common relate to CNS alprazolam (Xanax) depression Antiepileptic May be associated with physical dependence and withdrawal syndrome, especially with rapid reduction in dose Drugs that modulate Cross use for seizure Valproic acid: reduces abnormal All: CNS effects valproic acid (Depakote) the inhibitory disorders or for bipolar electrical activity in the brain; may Valproic acid and divalproex carbamazepine (Tegretol) neurotransmitter disorders increase GABA activity at inhibitory §Liver toxicity, GABA receptors hyperammonemia, Divalproex: action thought to be thrombocytopenia, related to increased GABA levels in pancreatitis brain §DRESS Acetazolamide: alters electrolyte Acetazolamide and movement zonisamide: Rash; Zonisamide: inhibits dermatological changes voltage-sensitive sodium and Zonisamide: Bone marrow calcium channels suppression, renal calculi development, GI upset Mechanism of action not Dizziness, weakness, fatigue, Levetiracetam (Keppra) completely understood; may be agitation, anxiety, depression, related to suppression of rapid suicidal ideation (rare) action potentials Multiple Sclerosis Immune Number of effects on the Alemtuzumab (Campath, Suppressants inflammatory system; specific Lemtrada) effects vary by drug See Table 17.2 for usual indications for specific drugs
