PAES 220:2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Specifications PDF
Document Details
2004
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Summary
This document outlines the specifications for power-operated peanut shellers, providing details on construction, performance requirements, testing methods, and maintenance procedures. It adheres to Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards and considers various factors like shelling mechanisms, losses, and cleaning components.
Full Transcript
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 220: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Specifications Foreword The formulation of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) with funding from...
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 220: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Specifications Foreword The formulation of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) with funding from the Department of Agriculture. This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with BPS Directives Part 3:2003 – Rules for the Structure and Drafting of International Standards. The word “shall” is used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted. The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required. In the preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications were considered: Performance Report on the UPLB Peanut Sheller. Agricultural Mechanization Development Program, CEAT, UPLB, Laguna. 1984. Philippine Postharvest Industry Profile: Groundnut. Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery (RNAM) Test Codes and Procedures for Farm Machinery, Technical Series No. 12:1983. B-98 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 220: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Specifications 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for construction and performance of power-operated peanut sheller. 2 References The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this National Standard: PAES 102: 2000 Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and Presentation PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling PAES 221:2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Methods of Test PAES 311:2001 Engineering Materials – Bolts and Nuts for Agricultural Machines – Specifications and Applications PAES 313:2001 Engineering Materials – Screws for Agricultural Machines – Specifications and Applications 3 Definitions For the purpose of this standard the following definitions shall apply: 3.1 blower loss ratio of the weight of kernels blown by the sheller fan, to the weight of the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent 3.2 damaged kernel wholly or partially broken and insect-damaged kernel 3.3 kernel edible part of peanut B-99 PAES 220:2004 3.4 main kernel outlet outlet at which shelled kernel moves out of the machine 3.5 peanut sheller machine used to remove kernels from the shell by breaking/splitting the pods (see Figure 1) Hopper Connecting rod Shelling chamber Flywheel Frame Concave Primemover Chute Shell outlet Fan Main kernel outlet Figure 1 – Typical design of a peanut sheller 3.6 pod unbroken shell with kernel inside 3.7 purity amount of kernels free of foreign matter expressed as percentage of the total weight of the sample 3.8 scattering loss ratio of the weight of kernels that fell out from the machine during shelling operation to the weight of the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent 3.9 separation loss ratio of the weight of kernels that come out of the shelling chamber at the shell outlet, to the weight of the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent 3.10 shell hull of the pod B-100 PAES 220:2004 3.11 shell outlet outlet at which shells come out of the machine in case of the machine with blower(s) 3.12 shelled kernels whole and damaged kernels freed from shell 3.13 shelling efficiency ratio of the weight of the shelled kernels collected at all outlets, to the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent 3.14 shelling recovery ratio of the weight of the shelled kernels collected at the main outlet, to the total weight of the kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent 3.15 unshelled loss ratio of the weight of kernels that remained in the pods collected from all outlets, to the weight of the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent 3.16 whole kernel unbroken and non-insect damaged kernel 4 Classification Peanut sheller shall be classified according to: 4.1 Shelling mechanism 4.1.1 Reciprocating Spring pressure Hopper Shelling bar Variable Clearance Direction of stroke Length of stroke Figure 2 –Typical example of reciprocating peanut sheller B-101 PAES 220:2004 4.1.2 Rotary Hopper Paddle Wire mesh concave Trough Figure 3 – Typical example of rotary peanut sheller 4.2 Cleaning component 4.2.1 Sheller with no separating device 4.2.2 Sheller with blower(s) only 4.2.3 Sheller with sieve(s) only 4.2.4 Sheller with blower(s) and sieve(s) 5 Materials of Construction 5.1 Steel bars and metal sheet or plate shall be generally used in the manufacture of the different components of peanut sheller. 5.2 Shelling elements should be made of carbon steel. 5.3 Bolts and screws to be used shall conform with the requirements of PAES 311 and PAES 313. 6 Performance Requirements The peanut sheller when tested in accordance with PAES 221 shall conform to the following requirements: B-102 PAES 220:2004 Table 1 - Performance criteria for peanut sheller. Criteria Performance Data Shelling Recovery, percent, minimum 93 Shelling Efficiency, percent, minimum 95 Losses, percent, maximum a) Blower 0.5 b) Separation 1.0 c) Unshelled 5.0 d) Scattering 0.5 Purity of output, percent, minimum a) with sieve 85.0 b) with blower 95.0 c) with sieve and blower 98.0 Mechanically Damaged Kernel, percent, 3.5 maximum Noise Level [db(A)], maximum 92 * Allowable noise level for six (6) hours of continuous exposure based on Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Ministry of Labor, Philippines. 1983. 7 Design and Workmanship 7.1 The peanut sheller shall be free from manufacturing defects that may be detrimental to its operation. 7.2 The screen should be replaceable to fit varying sizes of peanut. 7.3 Any uncoated metallic surfaces shall be free from rust and shall be painted properly. 7.4 The peanut sheller shall be free from sharp edges and surfaces that may injure the operator. 7.5 Rotating parts should be dynamically balanced. 7.6 Mechanism for immediate disengagement of power transmission shall be provided. 7.7 Sealed type bearings should be used as protection against dust. There shall be provision for lubrication of non-sealed type bearings and bushings. 7.8 Belt cover or guard and provisions for belt tightening and adjustments shall be provided. 8 Warranty for Construction and Durability 8.1 Warranty against defective materials and workmanship shall be provided for parts except for normal wear and tear of consumable maintenance parts such as belts within six months from the purchase of the peanut sheller and one year warranty for services. B-103 PAES 220:2004 8.2 The construction shall be rigid and durable without breakdown of its major components (i.e. transmission systems, etc) within six months from date of purchase by the first buyer. 9 Maintenance and Operation 9.1 Each peanut sheller unit shall be provided with a set of manufacturer’s standard tools required for maintenance. 9.2 An operator’s manual, which conforms to PAES 102, shall be provided. 10 Sampling The peanut sheller shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103. 11 Testing Sampled peanut sheller shall be tested in accordance with PAES 221. 12 Marking and Labeling 12.1 Each peanut sheller shall be marked in English with the following information using a stencil or by directly punching it in a plate and shall be positioned at the most conspicuous place: 12.1.1 Registered trademark of the manufacturer 12.1.2 Brand 12.1.3 Model 12.1.4 Serial number 12.1.5 Shelling capacity, kg/h 12.1.6 Power requirement, kW 12.1.7 Name and address of the manufacturer 12.1.8 Name and address of the importer, if imported 12.1.9 Country of manufacture (if imported) / “Made in the Philippines” (if manufactured in the Philippines) 12.2 Safety/precautionary markings shall be provided when appropriate. Marking shall be stated in English and Filipino and shall be printed in red color with a white background. B-104 PAES 220:2004 12.3 The markings shall have a durable bond with the base surface material. 12.4 The markings shall be weather resistant and under normal cleaning procedures, it shall not fade, discolor, crack or blister and shall remain legible. B-105 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 221: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Methods of Test Foreword The formulation of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) with funding from the Department of Agriculture. This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with BPS Directives Part 3:2003 – Rules for the Structure and Drafting of International Standards. The word “shall” is used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted. The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required. In the preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications were considered: ASAE S410.1, Moisture Measurement – Peanuts. ASAE Standards 1986. Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery (RNAM) Test Codes and Procedures for farm Machinery, Technical Series No. 12:1983. B-106 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 221:2004 CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 108 2 References 108 3 Definitions 108 4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection 111 4.1 Selection of peanut sheller to be tested 111 4.2 Role of manufacturer/dealer 111 4.3 Role of the representative of the manufacturer/dealer 111 4.4 Test site conditions 111 4.5 Test instruments 111 4.6 Test materials 111 5 Test and Inspection 112 5.1 Verification of the manufacturer’s technical data and information 112 5.2 Performance test 112 6 Laboratory Analysis 115 6.1 Measurement of moisture content 115 6.2 Measurement of kernel and pod dimensions/weight 116 6.3 Measurement of kernel-pod ratio 116 6.4 Purity determination 116 6.5 Determination of losses 116 6.6 Determination of net percent cracked kernels 116 6.7 Determination of percent mechanically damaged kernels 117 7 Formula 117 8 Test Report 117 ANNEXES A Minimum List of Field and Laboratory Test Equipment and Materials 118 B Specifications of Peanut Sheller 119 C Performance Test Data Sheet 122 D Laboratory Grain Analysis Data Sheet 124 E Formula Used During Calculation and Testing 126 B-107 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 221: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Methods of Test 1 Scope This standard specifies the methods of test and inspection for power-operated peanut shellers. Specifically, it shall be used to: 1.1 verify the dimensions, weight, and other technical data of the peanut sheller submitted by the manufacturer/dealer 1.2 determine the performance of the machine; 1.3 evaluate the ease of handling and safety features; 1.4 determine shelling losses and quality of shelled peanuts through laboratory analysis; and 1.5 prepare a report on the results of the tests 2 References The following normative document contains provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of these standards: PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling PAES 220:2004 Agricultural Machinery - Peanut Sheller- Specifications 3 Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply: 3.1 blower loss ratio of the weight of kernel blown with the shell by the sheller fan to the total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight 3.2 cracked kernel kernel which shows signs of fissures or fractures B-108 PAES 221:2004 3.3 input capacity weight of input materials per unit loading time into the hopper/intake pit, expressed in kilogram per hour 3.4 kernel edible part of peanut 3.5 kernel-pod ratio ratio of the weight of kernel to the weight of the pod, expressed as percent 3.6 main kernel outlet outlet at which shelled kernel move out of the machine NOTE In the case of the machine with no separating devise or in case of machine with blowers, shelled and unshelled and partially-shelled pods also come out. 3.7 mechanically damaged kernels broken kernels and/or scratched as a result of shelling operation 3.8 net cracked kernel difference between the percent cracked kernel taken before and after the shelling operation 3.9 output capacity weight of the shelled kernel received at the main kernel outlet per unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour 3.10 overall height distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the shelling unit NOTE All parts of the shelling unit projecting upwards are contained between these two planes. 3.11 overall length distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the shelling unit and touching its front and rear extremities NOTE All parts of the shelling unit, in particular, components projecting at the front and at the rear are contained between these two planes. Where an adjustment of components is possible, it shall be set at minimum length. B-109 PAES 221:2004 3.12 overall width distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the shelling unit, each plane touching the outermost point of the sheller on its respective side NOTE All parts of the shelling unit projecting laterally are contained between these two planes. 3.13 partially-shelled pod pod being left with kernels in it after shelling 3.14 pod unbroken shell with kernel inside 3.15 running-in period preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the operation is stable 3.16 separation loss ratio of the weight of the kernel that comes out of the shelling cylinder with the shell, to the total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight 3.17 shell outlet outlet at which shells come out of the machine in case of the machine with blower(s) 3.18 shelling efficiency shelled kernel received at all outlet with respect to the total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight 3.19 shelling recovery ratio of the weight of the kernel collected at the main kernel outlet to the total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight 3.20 total kernel input sum of the weight of kernel collected from the main kernel input and the clean kernel from the blower loss, separation loss, unshelled loss and scattering loss 3.21 unshelled loss ratio of the weight of the kernel that remained in the shell after feeding into the shelling cylinder to the total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight B-110 PAES 221:2004 4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection 4.1 Selection of peanut sheller to be tested Peanut sheller submitted for test shall be sampled in accordance with PAES 103. 4.2 Role of manufacturer/dealer The manufacturer shall submit specifications and other relevant information about the peanut sheller and shall abide with the terms and conditions set forth by an official testing agency. 4.3 Role of the representative of the manufacturer/dealer An officially designated representative of the manufacturer shall operate, adjust, repair, and shall decide on matters related to the operation of the machine. 4.4 Test site conditions Peanut sheller shall be installed on a stable level ground on a site with sufficient working space, and shall be positioned in such a way that the wind will not blow the shell and other impurities into the clean kernel. 4.5 Test instruments The instruments to be used shall have been calibrated and checked by the testing agency prior to the measurements. The suggested list of minimum field and laboratory test equipment and materials needed to carry out the peanut sheller test is shown in Annex A. 4.6 Test materials 4.6.1 Sample characteristics Test materials to be used shall have the following characteristics: 4.6.1.1 Variety : commonly or locally grown 4.6.1.2 Moisture content : 12 % - 14 %, wet basis However, if the test materials are beyond the recommended characteristics, the manufacturer has the option to pursue the test. 4.6.2 Quantity to be supplied The amount of test material to be supplied shall be at least 75 % of input capacity of peanut sheller. B-111 PAES 221:2004 5 Test and Inspection 5.1 Verification of the manufacturer’s technical data and information 5.1.1 This inspection is carried out to verify the mechanism, main dimensions, materials and accessories of the peanut sheller in comparison with the list of manufacturer’s technical data and information. 5.1.2 A plain and level surface shall be used as reference plane for verification of peanut sheller’s dimensional specifications. 5.1.3 The items to be inspected and verified shall be recorded in Annex B. 5.2 Performance test 5.2.1 This is carried out to obtain actual data on overall machine performance. 5.2.2 Initial data of the crop conditions such as variety, source, etc. shall be recorded before the test. 5.2.3 Test material to be used Test materials prepared to be used for the running-in and for each test trial shall be the same. 5.2.4 Running-in and preliminary adjustment Before the start of the test, the peanut sheller should have undergone running-in period wherein various adjustments of the peanut sheller shall be made according to the recommendation of the manufacturer. (No other adjustments shall be permitted while the test is on-going). 5.2.5 Termination of test If during the test run, the machine stops due to major component breakdown or malfunctions, the test shall be terminated by the test engineer. 5.2.6 Operation of the peanut sheller The sheller shall be operated at the recommended speed and feed rate of the manufacturer. The same feeding rate recommended by the manufacturer shall be maintained during the test run. After the test run, the shelling area shall be cleaned and then prepared for the next trial. 5.2.7 Test trial A minimum of three test trials, with duration of at least 15 minutes per trial, shall be adopted. B-112 PAES 221:2004 5.2.8 Sampling 5.2.8.1 Sampling procedures for test materials The conditions of crop, such as: variety, size of pod and kernel, number of kernel per pod, kernel-pod ratio, moisture content of kernel and shell, and damaged kernel and foreign matter; to be used in each test trial shall be taken using “representative samples” which represent the different condition of the harvested peanut on the pile. This is done by taking three 1.5 kg samples, each at the top, middle and bottom of the pile. 5.2.8.2 Sampling from Different Outlets During each test trial, three sets of samples shall be randomly collected during the duration of the test trial from the different outlets to be analyzed in the laboratory for losses, purity and kernel quality. 5.2.8.2.1 Main kernel outlet Using a plastic bag or an appropriate container, randomly collect three samples of at least 500 g each from the outlet. 5.2.8.2.2 Shell Outlet In the collection of sample in this outlet, use a rectangular box-shaped nylon catch with a dimension of 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 1.5 m open at one end of the small side. Three samples shall be randomly collected from this outlet for a minimum duration of five seconds per collection. Separate the free kernel mixed with the shells and the kernels that are still attached to the shell. Put them in separate containers and label them as separation loss and unshelled loss, respectively. 5.2.8.2.3 Fan Outlet During the test, three samples shall be randomly taken from the fan outlet for duration of at least 15 seconds per collection by using nylon net with a dimension of 1.5 m x 1.0 m held by two persons at both ends. These samples shall be placed in appropriate containers and labeled as blower loss. 5.2.8.3 Collection of scattered kernels For testing purposes, scattered kernels shall be gathered since these kernels are part of the total kernel input. Spread canvas sheets on the shelling floor area to catch these kernels after each trial. Placed the collected kernels in appropriate containers and label them as scattered kernels. Provisions shall be provided for the collection of scattered kernels with maximum distance of 1.0 m away from the base of the machine. B-113 PAES 221:2004 5.2.8.4 Handling of samples All samples to be taken to the laboratory shall be placed in appropriate containers and properly labeled. If the samples are not to be immediately analyzed they should be air-dried and if necessary, treat samples in order to prevent the samples from possible damage. If the sample is to be used for determining moisture content, it must be kept in dry and airtight containers. 5.2.9 Data collection 5.2.9.1 Duration of test The duration of each test trial shall start with the feeding of the materials into the intake hopper and ends after the last discharge from the main outlet. 5.2.9.2 Noise level The noise emitted by the machine shall be measured using a noise level meter at the location of the feeder and bagger. The noise shall be taken approximately 50 mm away from the ear level of the operators and baggers. 5.2.9.3 Speed of components The speed of the rotating shafts of the major components of the peanut sheller shall be taken using a tachometer. NOTE Measurements shall be taken with and without load for sub-clauses 5.2.9.2 and 5.2.9.3 as specified in Annex C. Measurement with load shall be randomly taken during the duration of each test trial. 5.2.9.4 Air velocity The air velocity generated by the shelling fan, with or without load, shall be taken using an air velocity meter measured in m/s. 5.2.9.5 Fuel/Power consumption Before the start of each test trial, the fuel tank shall be filled to its capacity. After each test trial the tank shall be refilled using graduated cylinder. The amount of refueling is the fuel consumption for the test. When filling up the tank, keep the tank horizontal so as not to leave empty space in the tank. In case an electric motor is used as a primemover, a power meter shall be used to measure electric energy consumption. 5.2.9.6 Data recording and observations Record sheet for all data and information during the test is given in Annex C. B-114 PAES 221:2004 6 Laboratory Analysis Laboratory analysis shall be made to determine the moisture content of kernel and shell, kernel-pod ratio, purity, cracked and broken kernel and losses (blower, separation, unshelled and scattering). The laboratory test data sheet to be used is given in Annex D. 6.1 Measurement of moisture content 6.1.1 Manually remove all foreign matter from the sample. Obtain three representative samples weighing at least 100 g each for each test trial. 6.1.2 From the samples, separate the kernels and shell manually. Place each portion in separate moisture can. The moisture can shall be sealed to ensure that no moisture is lost or gained by the sample between the time it was collected and when it is weighed. Record the initial weight. 6.1.3 Oven dry kernels and shell in separate moisture can in an oven with temperature of 100 oC + 3 oC for 72h. 6.1.4 On removing the samples from the oven, the moisture can should be placed in a desiccator and allowed to cool to the ambient temperature of the balance. 6.1.5 Weigh the moisture can plus the dried sample. Record the final weight of kernel and shell separately. 6.1.6 Calculate the percent shell/kernels and moisture content of shell/kernel using the following equations: Initial mass of shells, g A. Percent shells = x 100 Initial mass of pods, g Initial mass of kernels,g B. Percent kernels = x 100 Initial mass of pods, g Loss in mass of shells, g C. Shell moisture content, % wet basis = x 100 Initial mass of shells, g Loss in mass of kernels, g D. Kernel moisture content, % wet basis = x 100 Initial mass of kernels, g 6.1.7 Calculate moisture content of whole pod: (D x B) + (C x A) Pods moisture content, % wet basis = 100 B-115 PAES 221:2004 6.2 Measurement of kernel and pod dimensions and weight This shall be taken using at least ten representative samples of kernel and pod, and measure the length, diameter and weight. 6.3 Measurement of kernel-pod ratio In measuring the kernel-pod ratio, randomly take three-100 pod representative samples from the test materials. For each sample, manually shell the pods from the shell. Determine the weight of the kernel and shell separately. Record and calculate the kernel-pod ration using the formula in Annex E1. The average of the three samples shall be taken as the kernel-pod ratio. 6.4 Purity Determination Take three 500 grams samples from the main kernel outlet. Clean the kernels to remove the impurities and other foreign matters, the clean kernel shall be weighed and recorded. The percent purity is calculated using the formula in Annex E4. 6.5 Determination of Losses 6.5.1 Blower loss Three samples taken from the fan outlet shall be cleaned and weighed. The total weight of the clean kernels and the total time of collection shall be recorded for the computation of blower loss (see Annex E5.2). 6.5.2 Separation loss Three samples taken at the shell outlet with loose kernels mixed with the shell shall be cleaned and weighed. The total time of collection of the three samples shall be taken and recorded for the computation of separation loss (see Annex E5.3). 6.5.3 Unshelled loss Unshelled kernels collected at the shell outlet shall be hand shelled and weighed. The total weight and time of collection shall be taken and recorded for the computation of unshelled loss (see Annex E5.4). 6.5.4 Scattering loss Collected kernels scattered around the sheller after each trial shall be cleaned and weighed for the determination of scattering loss. (See Annex E5.5) 6.6 Determination of net percent cracked kernels Three 100-kernel samples each from manually shelled and machine shelled kernels shall be taken for analysis. These kernels shall be inspected for the presence of fissures. The net percent cracked kernels shall be taken as the difference between the values obtained from the manual and machine shelled kernel samples (see Annex E8). B-116 PAES 221:2004 6.7 Determination of percent mechanically damaged kernels Three 100-gram samples from machine shelled kernels shall be taken for analysis. Separate those kernels that were broken or crushed and weigh. Compute for the percent broken kernels (see Annex E9). 7 Formula The formulas to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex E. 8 Test Report The test report shall include the following information in the order given: 8.1 Name of testing agency 8.2 Test report number 8.3 Title 8.4 Summary 8.5 Purpose and scope of test 8.6 Methods of test 8.7 Description of the machine 8.7.1 Fig. 1 – Material flow diagram 8.7.2 Fig. 2 – Power transmission system 8.7.3 Fig. 3 – Arrangements of shelling elements on the cylinder 8.7.4 Table 1 – Machine specifications 8.8 Result of test 8.8.1 Table 2 –Performance test data 8.9 Observations (include pictures) 8.10 Name, signature and designation of test engineers B-117 PAES 221:2004 Annex A (informative) Minimum List of Field and Laboratory Test Equipment and Materials A.1 Equipment Quantity A.1.1 Field A.1.1.1 Grain moisture meter (capacitance or conductance type) 1 Range: 6% to 40% A.1.1.2 Air velocity meter 1 Range: 0 m/s to 30 m/s A.1.1.3 Tachometer (contact or photoelectric type) 1 Range: 0 rpm to 5,000 rpm A.1.1.4 Noise level meter Range: 30 db (A) to 130 db (A) 1 A.1.1.5 Timers 2 Range: 60 minutes; Accuracy: 1/10 sec A.1.1.6 Measuring tape 1 Capacity: 5 m A.1.1.7 Camera 1 A.1.1.8 Weighing scale 1 Capacity: 100 kg; Scale divisions: 0.5 kg A.1.1.9 Graduated cylinder 1 Capacity: 500 mL A.1.2 Laboratory A.1.2.1 Weighing scale (Sensitivity: 0.1 g) 1 A.1.2.2 Magnifying lens (minimum of 10 magnifications) 1 A.1.2.3 Grain sample cleaner 1 A.1.2.4 Caliper 1 A.1.2.5 Aluminum moisture can 18 A.1.2.6 Dessicator 1 A.2 Materials A.2.1 Field A.2.1.1 Canvass sheet (4 m x 6 m) 1 A.2.1.2 Nylon catch bag (0.5 m x 0.5 m x 1.5 m) 1 A.2.1.3 Nylon net (1.5 m x 1.0 m) 1 A.2.1.4 Sample bags 45 A.2.1.5 Labels/Tags which include 45 A.2.1.5.1 Date of test A.2.1.5.2 Machine on test A.2.1.5.3 Sample source A.2.1.5.3 Variety A.2.1.5.4 Trial number B-118 PAES 221:2004 Annex B (informative) Specifications of Peanut Sheller Name of Applicant (or Distributor) : _______________________________________ Address : _______________________________________ Telephone No. : _______________________________________ Name of Factory/Distributor : _______________________________________ Address : _______________________________________ GENERAL INFORMATION Brand/Model : __________________ Make : ___________________________ Serial No. : _____________________ Classification : ________________________ Date Manufactured: _________________________________________________________ Items to be inspected Manufacturer’s Verification by the ITEMS Specifications Testing Agency B.1 Overall dimensions and weight of sheller B.1.1 length, mm B.1.2 width, mm B.1.3 height, mm B.1.4 Weight of the machine without primemover, kg B.2 Rated output capacity, kg/h B.3 Recommended cylinder speed, rpm B.4 Type of power transmission system B.4.1 Engine to ____________________ B.4.2 Cylinder shaft to ______________ B.4.3 Fan shaft to _________________ B.4.4 Oscillating sieve/screen to ___________________________ B.4.5 Others (specify) B.5 Shelling cylinder B.5.1 Type B.5.2 Dimension (L x D), mm B.5.3 Cylinder teeth B.5.3.1 Type B.5.3.2 Size B.5.3.3 Number/row B.5.3.4 No. of rows B.5.3.5 Arrangement B.5.3.6 Means of attachment B.5.3.7 Material B.5.3.8 Others B.5.4 Material B-119 PAES 221:2004 Manufacturer’s Verification by the ITEMS Specifications Testing Agency B.6 Fan B.6.1 Type B.6.2 No. of units B.6.3 Impeller B.6.3.1 Material B.6.3.2 Number of blades B.7 Oscillating screen B.7.1 Dimension (L x W), mm B.7.2 Size of perforations, mm B.7.3 Length of stroke, mm B.7.4 Material B.8 Concave component B.8.1 Overall diameter, mm B.8.2 Clearance B.8.2.1Maximum, mm B.8.2.2Minimum, mm B.8.3 Material B.9 Hopper (if available) B.9.1 Location B.9.2 Material B.9.3 Feature B.11 Feeding table (if available) B.11.1 Dimensions (L x W), mm B.11.2 Height from the ground, mm B.11.3 Orientation B.11.4 Mode of attachment B.11.5 Material B.12 Transport device B.12.1 Type B.12.2 Size B.13 Safety device(s), if any B.14 Discharge device B.15 Adjustment(s) B.16 Other special features B.17 Primemover B.17.1 Engine B.17.1.1 Brand B.17.1.2 Model B.17.1.3 Serial number B.17.1.4 Type (stroke/ignition) B.17.1.5 Rated power, kW B.17.1.6 Rated speed, rpm B.17.1.7 Cooling system B.17.1.8 Starting system B.17.1.9 Weight, kg B.17.2 Electric motor B-120 PAES 221:2004 Manufacturer’s Verification by the ITEMS Specifications Testing Agency B.17.2.1 Brand B.17.2.2 Model B.17.2.3 Rated power, kW B.17.2.4 Rated speed, rpm B.17.2.5 Weight, kg B.18 Illustration of transmission system B-121 PAES 221:2004 Annex C (informative) Performance Test Data Sheet Test Trial No. : _______________________ Date : ________________________ Test Engineers: _______________________ Location: ________________________ Items to be inspected T r i a l ITEMS 1 2 3 Ave. C.1 Crop condition C.1.1 Kind/variety C.1.2 Days after harvest C.1.3 Source C.1.4 Size of pod C.1.4.1 Length, mm C.1.4.2 Diameter, mm C.1.4.3 Weight, g C.1.5 Size of kernel C.1.5.1 Length, mm C.1.5.2 Diameter, mm C.1.5.3 Weight, g C.1.6 Kernel-pod ratio C.2 Performance test C.2.1 Speed of components, rpm C.2.1.1 Prime mover C.2.1.1.1 Without load C.2.1.1.2 With load C.2.1.2 Shelling cylinder shaft C.2.1.2.1 Without load C.2.1.2.2 With load C.2.1.3 Fan shaft C.2.1.3.1 Without load C.2.1.3.2 With load C.2.1.4 Oscillating screen shaft C.2.1.4.1 Without load C.2.1.4.2 With load C.2.2 Fan air velocity, m/s C.2.2.1 Without load C.2.2.2 With load C.2.3 Noise level, db(A) C.2.3.1 Feeder C.2.3.1.1 Without load C.2.3.1.2 With load C.2.3.2 Bagger C.2.3.2.1 Without load C.2.3.2.2 With load B-122 PAES 221:2004 T r i a l ITEMS 1 2 3 Ave. C.2.4 Shelling time, min C.2.5 Shelled kernel, kg C.2.6 Shelling capacity, kg/h C.2.7 Fuel time, min C.2.8 Fuel consumed, L C.2.9 Fuel consumption, L/h C.2.10 Minimum labor requirements C.3 Rate the following observations: Rating* Items 1 2 3 4 5 C.3.1 Ease of loading C.3.2 Ease of cleaning parts C.3.3 Ease of adjusting and repair of parts C.3.4 Ease of collecting output C.3.5 Ease of transporting the machine C.3.6 Safety C.3.7 Vibration * 1 – Very Good 2 – Good 3 – Satisfactory 4 – Poor 5 – Very Poor C.4 Other Observations: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ B-123 PAES 221:2004 Annex D (informative) Laboratory Grain Analysis Data Sheet Machine Tested : _____________________ Analyzed by : __________________ Date of Test : _____________________ Date Analyzed: __________________ D.1 Crop Conditions D.1.1 Moisture Content, (% w.b.) D.1.1.1 Kernel Average D.1.1.2 Shell Average D.1.2 Kernel-pod ratio (100 pods) Weight of Pod Weight of Kernel Kernel-pod ratio Sample g g No. Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 … 100 Average D.2 Kernel Analysis D.2.1 Purity Determination Initial Weight of Samples (uncleaned) = 500 gms Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Gen. ITEMS Ave. 1 2 3 Ave. 1 2 3 Ave. 1 2 3 Ave. Cleaned (g) Purity (%) B-124 PAES 221:2004 D.2.2 Loss Determination Blower Separation Unshelled Scattering Loss Loss Loss Loss Trial Duration: Duration: Duration: Duration: Sample Total Sample Total Sample Total Sample Total Wt. Wt Wt. Wt. g kg g kg g kg g kg 1- a b c Ave. 2- a b c Ave. 3- a b c Ave. Gen. Ave. D.2.3 Shelling Efficiency/Recovery Determination Blower Loss Separation Unshelled Scattering Total Trial Loss Loss Loss No. Output Input Wt. % Wt. % Wt. % Wt. % kg kg 1 2 3 Average B-125 PAES 221:2004 Annex E (informative) Formula Used During Calculations and Testing E.1 Kernel-pod ratio W Kr = k Wp where: Kr = Kernel-pod ratio Wk = Weight of kernel, g Wp = Weight of the pod, g E.2 Fuel consumption F1 Fc = To where: FC = Fuel consumption, L/h F1 = Amount of fuel consumed, L TO = Time of operation, h E.3 Shelling Capacity E.3.1 Actual capacity Wc Ca = To where: Ca = Actual shelling capacity, kg/h WC = Weight of shelled kernel, kg TO = Duration of operation, h E.3.2 Corrected capacity (at 100% purity, 14% moisture content) 100 − MCo Cc = P Ca 100 − MC m where: CC = Corrected capacity, kg/h MCO = Observed moisture content, % MCm = Kernel moisture content, at 10% P = Kernel purity, % Ca = Actual capacity, kg/h B-126 PAES 221:2004 E.4 Purity Wc P= x 100 Wu where: P = Purity, % Wu = Weight of uncleaned kernel, g WC = Weight of cleaned kernel, g E.5 Losses E.5.1 Summation of all losses Lt = Blower loss + Separation loss + Unshelled loss + Scattering loss where: Lt = Summation of all losses, kg E.5.2 Blower loss Amount Wb Bl = To Tc where: B1 = Blower loss, kg Wb = Weight of blown clean kernel, kg Tc = Duration of collection, h To = Duration of operation, h Percentage Wl Bl = x 100 Wc + L t where: B1 = Blower loss, % Wl = Weight of blown clean kernel, kg Wc = Weight of cleaned shelled kernel, kg Lt = Summation of all losses, kg B-127 PAES 221:2004 E.5.3 Separation loss Amount Ws Sl = To Tc where: S1 = Separation loss, kg Ws = Weight of separated clean kernel, kg Tc = Duration of collection, h To = Duration of operation, h Percentage Ws Sl = x 100 Wc + L t where: S1 = Separation loss, kg Ws = Weight of separated clean kernel, kg Wc = Weight of cleaned shelled kernel, kg Lt = Summation of all losses, kg E.5.4 Unshelled loss Amount Wu Ul = To Tc where: U1 = Unshelled loss, kg Wu = Weight of unshelled clean kernel, kg Tc = Duration of collection, h To = Duration of operation, h Percentage Wu Ul = x 100 Wc + L t where: U1 = Unshelled loss, kg Wu = Weight of unshelled clean kernel, kg Wc = Weight of cleaned shelled kernel, kg Lt = Summation of all losses, kg B-128 PAES 221:2004 E.5.5 Scattering loss Amount Wsc Sc l = To Tc where: Sc l = Scattering loss, kg Wsc = Weight of scattered clean kernel, kg Tc = Duration of collection, h To = Duration of operation, h Percentage Wsc Sc l = x 100 Wc + L t where: Sc l = Scattering loss, % Wsc = Weight of scattered clean kernel, kg Wc = Weight of cleaned shelled kernel, kg Lt = Summation of all losses, kg E.6 Shelling Efficiency W c + B l + S l + Sc l Se = x 100 Wc + L t or Se = 100% - Ul where: Se = Shelling efficiency, % Wc = Weight of cleaned shelled kernel, kg Bl = Blower loss, kg Sl = Separation loss, kg Scl = Scattering loss, kg Lt = Summation of all losses, kg Ul = Unshelled loss, kg E.7 Shelling Recovery Wc Sr = x 100 Wc + L t where: Sr = Shelling recovery, % Wc = Weight of cleaned shelled kernel, kg Lt = Summation of all losses, kg B-129 PAES 221:2004 E.8 Cracked kernel nc Ck = x 100 Nk where: Ck = Cracked kernel, % nc = Number of cracked kernels Nk = 100 kernel sample E.9 Mechanically damaged kernel Wd Dk = x 100 Ng where: Dk = Mechanically damaged kernel, % Wd = Weight of mechanically damaged kernels, g Ng = 100 gram sample B-130 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 222: 2005 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine – Specifications Foreword The formulation of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) with support from the Department of Agriculture. This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with BPS Directives Part 3:2003 – Rules for the Structure and Drafting of International Standards. The word “shall” is used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted. The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required. In the preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications were considered: AMTEC Test and Evaluation Reports for Root Crop Chipper and Slicer. ISO 11448:1997(E), Powered Shredders and Chippers – Definitions, Safety Requirements and Test Procedures. C-1 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 222: 2005 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine – Specifications 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for the construction and performance for power- driven and manually-operated chipping machine for root crops and banana. 2 References The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this National Standard: PAES 102: 2000 Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and Presentation PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling PAES 223:2004 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine – Methods of Test 3 Definitions For the purpose of this standard the following definitions shall apply: 3.1 chip thin slice of material with thickness of about 4 mm 3.2 chipping machine chipper size reduction machine either power or manually operated which is used to cut or slice root crops or banana into small thin pieces called chips (see Figure 1) 3.3 chipping capacity amount of material that can be processed per unit time, kg/h 3.4 cutterhead cutting rotor devices intended to slice the crop into chips with reasonable consistency within a range of optional settings 3.5 discharge chute opening through which chipped material is thrown out C-2 PAES 222:2005 Figure 1 – Typical design of a chipping machine 3.6 flywheel type type of chipping machine with knives mounted radially with the cutting edges describing a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (see Figure 2) Cutterhead knife Cutterhead knife Stationary knife Figure 2 – Flywheel type 3.7 guard component intended to provide protection for the operator or bystander from injury C-3 PAES 222:2005 3.8 drum type knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting edges of the knives are essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (see Figure 3) Cutterhead knife Stationary knife Cylinder width Figure 3 – Cylinder cutterhead 4 Classification The classification of chipping machine shall be based according to the following: 4.1 Based on primemover 4.1.1 Power-operated 4.1.2 Manually-operated 4.2 Based on chipping mechanism 4.2.1 Flywheel type 4.2.2 Drum type 5 Materials of Construction 5.1 Steel bars and metal sheet or plate shall be generally used in the manufacture of the different components of chipping machine. However, for parts which are in direct contact with the materials to be chipped, food grade materials shall be used. 5.2 Chipping elements should be made of either AISI 1040 to AISI 1045 or its ISO equivalent. 6 Performance Requirements The chipping machine when tested in accordance with PAES 223 shall conform to the following requirements: C-4 PAES 222:2005 6.1 Chipping machine shall be able to cut at least three different thickness settings with 5% maximum variation of cut. 6.2 The chipping machine shall produce a clear-cut chipped material. 6.3 The noise emitted by the chipping machine shall not be more than 92 db (A)*. 7 Design, Construction and Workmanship 7.1 To safeguard against contact with the cutting mechanism, the machines shall be constructed to meet the requirements given in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 – Safety distances from feed opening less than 250 mm Dimensions in millimeters Feed opening shape Feed opening size1 slot square Round < 40 > 200 > 200 > 120 > 40 < 50 > 8502, 3 > 200 > 200 > 50 < 250 > 8503 > 8503 > 8503 1. Measured across the narrowest point. 2. If the length of the slot opening measured along the side of the slot is < 65 mm, the safety distance can be reduced to 200 mm. 3. Where the height of the lowest outer of any barrier or the feed opening itself is > 1,200 mm above the ground, the safety distance is measured as a chain measurement from the outer edge. Openings < 1,200 mm above the ground are measured as the shortest distance from the plane of the opening. If the opening is more than 1,200 mm above the ground, this safety distance to the cutting means can be reduced by L/2 where L = h – 1,200 and h is the height above the ground of the lowest point of the feed opening. Table 2 – Safety distances from feed opening greater than 250 mm Dimensions in millimeters Height above the ground at the lowest edge Distance to the cutting means from the edge of the feed opening of the feed opening < 1200 > 12001 > 1200 > 8502 1. Where the height of the lowest edge of the opening is below 1,200 mm, the chute shall be restricted to not more than 400 mm x 400 mm at the distance of at least 850 mm from the cutting means and the actual opening shall measure no more than 1,000 mm in any direction. 2. Where the height of the lowest outer edge of any barrier or the feed opening itself is > 1,200 mm above the ground, the safety distance is measured as a chain measurement from the outer edge. Openings < 1,200 mm above the ground are measured as the shortest distance from the plane of opening. If the opening is more than 1,200 mm above the ground, this safety distance to the cutting means can be reduced by L/2 where L = h -1200 and h is the height above the ground of the lowest point of the feed opening. _______ * Allowable noise level for six (6) hours of continuous exposure based on Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Ministry of Labor, Philippines. 1983. C-5 PAES 222:2005 7.2 The discharge chute shall be designed so as to prevent direct access to and accidental contact with the cutting elements. 7.3 The chipping machine shall be free from manufacturing defects that may be detrimental to its operation. 7.4 The chipping machine shall be free from sharp edges and surfaces (except for the cutting edge) that may injure the operator. 7.5 Guards allowing access to the cutting chamber shall be interlocked to cause the moving parts to come to rest before access can be gained. Other guards (i.e. belt cover) shall be permanently attached to the machine and shall not be detachable without the use of tools. 7.6 Rotating parts should be dynamically balanced. 7.7 Mechanism for immediate disengagement of power transmission shall be provided. 7.8 Sealed type bearings should be used as protection against dust. There shall be provision for lubrication of non-sealed type bearings and bushings. 7.9 Belt tightening and adjustments shall be provided. 7.10 Any uncoated metallic surfaces shall be free from rust and shall be painted properly. 8 Warranty for Construction and Durability 8.1 Warranty against defective materials and workmanship shall be provided for parts and services except for the normal wear and tear of consumable maintenance parts such as belts within six months from the purchase of the chipping machine. 8.2 The construction shall be rigid and durable without breakdown of its major components (i.e. transmission systems, etc) within six months from date of original purchase. 9 Maintenance and Operation 9.1 Each chipping machine unit shall be provided with a set of manufacturer’s standard tools required for maintenance. 9.2 An operator’s manual, which conforms to PAES 102, shall be provided. 10 Sampling The chipping machine shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103. C-6 PAES 222:2005 11 Testing Sampled chipping machine shall be tested in accordance with PAES 221. 12 Marking and Labeling 12.1 Each chipping machine shall be marked in English with the following information using a stencil or by directly punching it in a plate and shall be positioned at the most conspicuous place: 12.1.1 Registered trademark of the manufacturer 12.1.2 Brand 12.1.3 Model 12.1.4 Serial number 12.1.5 Chipping capacity, kg/h 12.1.6 Power requirement, kW 12.1.7 Name and address of the manufacturer 12.1.8 Name and address of the importer, if imported 12.1.9 Country of manufacture (if imported) / “Made in the Philippines” (if manufactured in the Philippines) 12.2 Safety/precautionary markings shall be provided when appropriate. Marking shall be stated in English and Filipino and shall be printed in red color with a white background. 12.3 The markings shall have a durable bond with the base surface material. 12.4 The markings shall be weather resistant and under normal cleaning procedures, it shall not fade, discolor, crack or blister and shall remain legible. C-7 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 223: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine – Methods of Test Foreword The formulation of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) with funding from the Department of Agriculture. This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with BPS Directives Part 3:2003 – Rules for the Structure and Drafting of International Standards. The word “shall” is used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted. The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required. In the preparation of this standard, Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery (RNAM) Test Codes and Procedures for Farm Machinery, Technical Series No. 12:1983 was considered. B-131 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 223:2004 CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 133 2 References 133 3 Definitions 133 4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection 135 4.1 Selection of chipper to be tested 135 4.2 Role of manufacturer/dealer 135 4.3 Role of the representative of the manufacturer/dealer 135 4.4 Test site conditions 135 4.5 Test instruments 135 5 Test and Inspection 136 5.1 Verification of the manufacturer’s technical data and information 136 5.2 Performance test 136 6 Laboratory Analysis 138 6.1 Moisture content 138 6.2 Analysis of products 138 7 Formula 139 8 Test Report 139 ANNEXES A Minimum List of Field and Laboratory Test Equipment and Materials 140 B Specifications of the Chipping Machine 141 C Performance Test Data Sheet 143 D Laboratory Test Data Sheet 145 E Formula Used During Calculation and Testing 148 B-132 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 223: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine – Methods of Test 1 Scope This standard specifies the methods of test and inspection for power-driven and manually- operated chipping machine for root crops and banana. Specifically, it shall be used to: 1.1 verify the mechanism, dimensions, materials, accessories of the chipper and the list of specifications submitted by the manufacturer; 1.2 determine the performance of the machine; 1.3 evaluate the ease of handling and safety features; 1.4 analyze the chipped product through laboratory analysis; and 1.5 report the results of the tests. 2 References The following normative document contains provisions which through reference in this text constitute provisions of these standards: PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery - Methods of Sampling PAES 222:2005 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine - Specifications 3 Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply: 3.1 blade bevel angle angle of the cutting edge of the blade 3.2 chip thin slice of material with thickness of about 4 mm 3.3 chipping machine chipper size reduction machine either power or manually operated which is used to cut or slice root crops or banana into small thin pieces called chips B-133 PAES 223:2004 3.4 chipping capacity amount of material that can be processed per unit time, kg/h 3.5 chipping efficiency ratio of the weight of the chips collected at all outlets, to the total weight of the input of the chipper, expressed in percent 3.6 chipping recovery ratio of the weight of the chips collected at the main outlet, to the total weight of the input of the chipper, expressed in percent 3.7 cutting disc rotating part of the chipping machine that holds the cutting knives 3.8 foreign matter all matters other than root crops/banana such as sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, metal fillings, lumps of earth, clay, mud, chaff, straw, weed seeds and other crop seeds 3.9 overall height distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the chipping machine NOTE All parts of the chipping machine projecting upwards are contained between these two planes. 3.10 overall length distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the chipping machine and touching its front and rear extremities NOTE All parts of the chipping machine, in particular, components projecting at the front and at the rear are contained between these two planes. Where an adjustment of components is possible, it shall be set at minimum length. 3.11 overall width distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the chipping machine, each plane touching the outermost point of the chipping machine NOTE All parts of the chipping unit projecting laterally are contained between these two planes. 3.12 plate angle angle of orientation of the chipping plate with respect to the horizontal plnae B-134 PAES 223:2004 3.13 primemover electric motor or internal combustion engine used to run the chipping machine 3.14 rake angle angle of inclination of the blade with respect to the chipping plate 3.15 running-in period preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the operation is stable 4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection 4.1 Selection of chipper to be tested Chipping machine submitted for test shall be sampled in accordance with PAES 103. 4.2 Role of manufacturer/dealer The manufacturer shall submit specifications and other relevant information about the chipper and shall abide with the terms and conditions set forth by an official testing agency. 4.3 Role of the representative of the manufacturer/dealer An authorized representative of the manufacturer/dealer shall operate, adjust, repair, and shall decide on matters related to the operation of the machine. 4.4 Test site conditions The chipping machine shall be tested as installed for normal operation. The site should have ample provisions for crop handling, temporary storage and workspace. 4.5 Test instruments The instruments to be used shall have been calibrated and checked by the testing agency prior to the measurements. The suggested list of minimum field and laboratory test equipment and materials needed to carry out the chipping machine test is shown in Annex A. 4.6 Test materials Test materials to be used shall be commonly or locally grown root crop preferably potato. The amount of test material to be supplied shall be at least 75% of chipper’s chipping capacity. B-135 PAES 223:2004 5 Test and Inspection 5.1 Verification of the manufacturer’s technical data and information 5.1.1 This inspection is carried out to verify the mechanism, dimensions, materials and accessories of the chipping machine in comparison with the list of manufacturer’s technical data and information. 5.1.2 A plain and level surface shall be used as reference plane for verification of chipping machine’s dimensional specifications. 5.1.3 The items to be inspected and verified shall be recorded in Annex B. 5.2 Performance test 5.2.1 This is carried out to obtain actual data on machine performance. 5.2.2 Initial data of the crop conditions such as type of crop, variety, and source shall be recorded. 5.2.3 Test materials to be used Test materials prepared to be used for the running-in and for each test trial shall be the same. 5.2.4 Running-in and preliminary adjustment Before the start of the test, the chipper should have undergone running-in period wherein various adjustments of the chipper shall be made according to the recommendation of the manufacturer. (No other adjustments shall be permitted while the test is on-going). 5.2.5 Termination of test If during the test run, the machine stops due to major component breakdown or malfunctions the test shall be terminated by the test engineer. 5.2.6 Operation of the chipping machine The chipping machine shall be operated at the speed(s) and feed rate(s) recommended by the manufacturer. The same recommended feeding rate shall be maintained during the test run. After the test run, the area shall be cleaned and then prepared for the next trial. This procedure shall be repeated for the succeeding test trials. 5.2.7 Test trial A minimum of three test trials, with duration of at least 15 minutes per trial, shall be adopted. B-136 PAES 223:2004 5.2.8 Data collection 5.2.8.1 Duration of test The duration of each test trial shall commence at the start of the chipping operation and ends after feeding of the last batch and it shall be recorded as operating time. 5.2.8.2 Noise level for power-operated chipping machine The noise emitted by the machine shall be measured using a noise level meter at the location of the operators and baggers. The noise level shall be measured 50 mm away from the ear level of the operators and baggers. 5.2.8.3 Speed of components The speed of the rotating shafts of the major components of the chipper shall be taken using a tachometer. NOTE Measurements shall be taken with and without load for sub-clauses 5.2.8.2 and 5.2.8.3 as specified in Annex C. 5.2.8.4 Power/Fuel consumption for power-operated chipping machine A power meter shall be used to measure electric energy consumption. In case an internal combustion engine is used, the fuel tank shall be filled to its capacity. After each test trial the tank shall be refilled using graduated cylinder. The amount of refueling is the fuel consumption for the test. When filling up the tank, keep the tank horizontal so as not to leave empty space in the tank. 5.2.8.5 Operator’s physical attributes for manually-operated chipping machine Height, weight and stature of the operator shall be recorded. Pulse rate and blood pressure before and after each test trial shall be recorded. 5.2.8.6 Data recording and observations Record sheet for all data and information during the test is given in Annex C. 5.2.9 Sampling 5.2.9.1 Sampling procedures for test materials Randomly take 20 representative samples for determination of input material dimension. This is done by taking samples, each at the top, middle and bottom of the pile. 5.2.9.2 Sampling from the outlet During each test trial, three-200 g samples shall be randomly collected from the output of the chipper to be analyzed in the laboratory. Half (100 g) of the 200 g sample shall be used for B-137 PAES 223:2004 laboratory analysis and the other half (100 g) shall be used for reference purposes or for an eventual second check in case of review. 5.2.9.3 Handling of Samples All samples to be taken to the laboratory shall be placed in appropriate containers and properly labeled. 6 Laboratory Analysis Laboratory analyses shall be made to determine work quality, accuracy, and precision of the chipper. The laboratory test data sheet to be used is given in Annex D. 6.1 Moisture content 6.1.1 This shall be taken using oven-dry method. 6.1.2 For each test trial, weigh three-100 g of chipped materials, place in the moisture can and record the weight. Ensure that no moisture is lost or gained by the sample between the time it was collected and when it is weighed in a moisture can. Record the initial weight. 6.1.3 Dry the sample in the oven with temperature of 103 oC + 1 oC for 72 h. 6.1.4 After removing the samples from the oven, the moisture can with the samples should be placed in a desiccator and allowed to cool to the ambient temperature. 6.1.5 Weigh the moisture can plus the dried sample. Record the final weight. Calculate the moisture content using Equation E.1 in Annex E. 6.2 Analysis of products 6.2.1 Determination of work quality In each test trial, take three-250 g samples from the outlet. Sieve the samples to separate crushed materials and to sort the chipped materials. The chips shall be classified into large, medium, and small size. Large size are the chips that retained in 4 mm sieve, medium size are the chips that passed through 4 mm sieve but retained in 2.8 mm sieve and small size are chips that passed through the 2.8 mm sieve but retained in the 250 µm sieve. Chips with the thickness of less than 250 µm shall be considered as crushed. The chips shall be weighed to determine the chipping efficiency. 6.2.2 Determination of size uniformity of chips In each test trial, randomly take three-30 pieces samples from the outlet. The thickness of each sample shall be measured and recorded. Compute the coefficient of variation and precision (% error) of cut of the chipper using the formula in Annex E. B-138 PAES 223:2004 7 Formula The formulas to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex E. 8 Test Report The test report shall include the following information in the order given: 8.1 Title 8.2 Summary of results 8.3 Purpose and scope of test 8.4 Methods of test 8.5 Conditions of the machine 8.6 Description of the machine 8.7 Results of test 8.8 Observations (include pictures) 8.9 Names, signatures and designation of test engineers B-139 PAES 223:2004 Annex A (informative) Minimum List of Field and Laboratory Test Equipment and Materials A.1 Equipment Quantity A.1.1 Field A.1.1.1 Tachometer (contact type or photo electric type) 1 Range: 0 rpm to 5,000 rpm A.1.1.2 Digital timers (range: 60 minutes) 2 Accuracy: 0.1 sec A.1.1.3 Tape measure (with maximum length of 5m) 1 A.1.1.4 Noise level meter 1 Range: 30 dB(A) to 130 dB(A) A.1.1.5 Weighing scale (capacity: 100 kg) 1 Scale divisions: 0.5 kg A.1.1.6 Graduated cylinder (for engines) 1 (500 mL capacity) or Watt-hour meter (for electric motors) 60 Hz, 220 V A.1.1.7 Sphygmomanometer 1 A.1.1.8 Thermometer 1 A.1.1.9 Camera 1 A.1.2 Laboratory A.1.2.1 Weighing scale (Sensitivity: 0.1 g) 1 A.1.2.2 Air oven 1 A.1.2.3 Desiccator 1 A.1.2.4 Caliper 1 A.1.2.5 Aluminum Moisture can 9 A.2 Materials A.2.1 Sample bags A.2.2 Labeling tags which include A.2.2.1 Date of test A.2.2.2 Chipper on test A.2.2.3 Sample source A.2.2.4 Variety A.2.2.5 Trial number B-140 PAES 223:2004 Annex B (informative) Specifications of Chipping Machine Name of Applicant/Distributor: _________________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________________________ Tel No: ____________________________________________________________________ Name of Manufacturer:________________________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________________________ Tel No: ____________________________________________________________________ GENERAL INFORMATION Brand/Model: _______________________ Type:____________________________ Serial No: __________________________ Make:____________________________ Production date of chipper to be tested: ___________________________________________ Testing Agency: _____________________ Test Engineer:_____________________ Date of Test: ________________________ Location of Test:___________________ Items to be inspected Manufacture’s Verification by the ITEMS Specification Testing agency B.1 Main structure B.1.1 Overall dimensions, mm B.1.1.1 length B.1.1.2 width B.1.1.3 height B.1.2 Weight, without primemover (kg), if applicable B.2 Loading hopper B.2.1 Dimension, L x W, mm B.2.2 Capacity, kg B.2.3 Material of construction B.3 Chipping assembly B.3.1 Chipping plate B.3.1.1 Diameter, mm B.3.1.2 Thickness, mm B.3.1.3 Plate angle, degrees B.3.1.4 Material B.3.2 Chipping blade B.3.2.1 Type B.3.2.2 Dimension, L x W x T, mm B.3.2.3 Shape B.3.2.4 Bevel angle, degrees B.3.2.5 Rake angle, degrees B.3.2.6 No. of blades B.3.3.7 Means of attachment B.3.3.8 Material B.4 Safety devices B-141 PAES 223:2004 Manufacture’s Verification by the ITEMS Specification Testing agency B.5 Special features B.6 Primemover B.6.1 Engine B.6.1.1 Brand B.6.1.2 Model B.6.1.3 Serial number B.6.1.4 Type (stroke/ignition) B.6.1.5 Rated power, kW B.6.1.6 Rated speed, rpm B.6.1.7 Cooling system B.6.1.8 Starting system B.6.1.9 Weight, kg B.6.2 Electric motor B.6.2.1 Brand B.6.2.2 Type B.6.2.3 Make or manufacturer B.6.2.4 Serial number B.6.2.5 Rated power, kW B.6.2.6 Rated speed, rpm B.6.2.7 Phase B.6.2.8 Voltage, V B.6.2.9 Current, A B.6.2.10 Frequency, Hz B-142 PAES 223:2004 Annex C (informative) Performance Test Data Sheet Test Trial No. _________________________ Date:______________________ Test Engineer: _________________________ Location:___________________ Assistants: ____________________________ Test Specimen:______________ Test Requested by:______________________ Manufacturer: _______________ ITEMS Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 AVE. C.1 Conditions of test sample C.1.1 Crop C.1.2 Variety C.1.3 Source C.1.4 Moisture content, % C.2 Machine condition C.2.1 Blade clearance, mm C.2.2 Rake angle, degree C.2.3 Plate angle, degree C.3 Ambient condition C.3.1 Dry bulb temperature, oC C.3.2 Wet bulb temperature, oC C.4 Operator’s physical attribute (for manually-operated chipping machine) C.4.1 Height, m C.4.2 Weight, kg C.4.3 Stature C.4.4 Forward reach, mm C.4.5 Others C.5 Weight of input, kg C.6 Weight of output, kg C.7 Operating time, h C.8 Chipping capacity, t/h C.9 Chipping efficiency, % C.10 Speed of components, rpm C.10.1 Primemover (for power-operated chipping machine) C.10.1.1 Without load C.10.1.2 With load C.10.2 Chipping shaft C.102.1 Without load C.10.2.2 With load C.11 Noise level, db(A) (for power-operated chipping machine) C.11.1 Operator C.11.1.1 Without load C.11.1.2 With load C.11.2 Chip collector C.11.2.1 Without load C.11.2.2 With load B-143 PAES 223:2004 ITEMS Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 AVE. C.12 Power consumption (for power-operated chipping machine) C.12.1 Power, kW C.12.1.1 Without load C.12.1.2 With load C.12.2 Current, A C.12.2.1 Without load C.12.2.2 With load C.12.3 Voltage, V C.12.3.1 Without load C.12.3.2 With load C.13 Fuel consumed, mL (for power-operated chipping machine) C.14 Fuel consumption, L/h (for power-operated chipping machine) C.15 Pulse rate (for manually-operated chipping machine) C.15.1 Before C.15.2 After C.16 Blood pressure (for manually-operated chipping machine) C.16.1 Before C.16.2 After C.17 Minimum labor requirements C.18 Rate the following observations: Rating* Items 1 2 3 4 5 C.18.1 Ease of loading C.18.2 Ease of cleaning parts C.18.3 Ease of adjusting and repair of parts C.18.4 Ease of collecting output C.18.5 Ease of transporting the machine C.18.6 Safety C.18.7 Vibration *1 – Very Good 2 – Good 3 – Satisfactory 4 – Poor 5 – Very Poor C.19 Other observations: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ B-144 PAES 223:2004 Annex D (informative) Laboratory Test Data Sheet Machine Tested:______________________ Analyzed by:______________________ Date of Test: _________________________ Date Analyzed:____________________ D.1 Crop dimension (20 sample) Dimension Sample No. mm Length Width Diameter 1 2 3 … 20 Average D.2 Moisture Content Determination (Oven Method) Item Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Initial weight, g Final weight, g Moisture content, % General Average D.3 Quality of work (500 g) Item Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 a. Weight of crushed chips, g b. Weight of whole chips, g c. Chipping recovery, % D.4 Classification of cut (250 g sample) > 4mm 4 mm – 2.9 mm 2.8 mm – 251 µm Trial (large-size chips) (medium-size chips) (medium-size chips) B-145 PAES 223:2004 D.5 Accuracy and Precision of Cut Thickness setting: ______________ Thickness of sample Sample mm Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B-146 PAES 223:2004 Thickness of sample Sample mm Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Average Thickness, mm Average Coefficient of Variation, % Percent Error B-147 PAES 223:2004 Annex E (informative) Formula Used During Calculations and Testing E.1 Moisture content Wi − Wf MC wetbasis = x 100 Wi where: MC = Moisture content, % Wi = Initial mass of the sample, g Wf = Final mass of the sample, g E.2 Chipping capacity Wi CC = To where: CC = Chipping capacity, kg/h Wi = Weight of input material, kg To = Total operating time, h E.3 Chipping efficiency, CE (%) Wi - WC CE = x 100 Wi where: WC is the weight of crushed chips in the sample, g Wi is the weight of chipped sample, g E.4 Coefficient of variation n ∑ x 2 − (∑ x) 2 Cv = n(n − 1) where: Cv = Coefficient of variation, % X = Value of observation n = Number of observations B-148 PAES 223:2004 E.4 Error x-x E= x100 x where: E = Error, % x = Mean of n values x = Set value E.5 Fuel consumption F1 Fc = To where: Fc = Fuel consumption, L/h F1 = Amount of fuel consumed, L TO = Time of operation, h B-149 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/PAES 224:2015 (PAES published 2015) ICS 65.060.50 Agricultural machinery – Rice combine harvester - Specifications BUREAU OF PRODUCT STANDARDS* Member to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standards and Conformance Portal: www.bps.dti.gov.ph *BUREAU OF PHILIPPINE STANDARDS PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/PAES 224:2015 (PAES published 2015) National Foreword The Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards PAES 224:2015, Agricultural machinery – Rice combine harvester - Specifications was approved for adoption as Philippine National Standard by the Bureau of Philippine Standards upon the recommendation of the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) and the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (PCAARRD-DOST). This standard cancels and replaces PNS/PAES 224:2005 (PAES published 2004). PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PNS/PAES 224:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine Harvester – Specifications Foreword The revision of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) under the project entitled “Development of Standards for Rice Production and Postproduction Machinery" which was funded by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with PAES 010-2 – Rules for the Structure and Drafting of International Standards. The word “shall” is used to indicate mandatory requirements to conform to the standard. The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable without mentioning or excluding others. In preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications were considered: Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery (RNAM) Test Codes and Procedures forHarvesting Machine, Technical Series No. 12:1983. Specification for Knife Sections for Grain Harvesting Machines. Indian Standards Institution,India. B-34 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PNS/PAES 224:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine Harvester – Specifications 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for the manufacture and performance of ricecombine harvester. 2 References The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this National Standard: ISO 4254-7:1992 Tractors and Machinery for Agriculture and Forestry – Technical means for ensuring Safety – Part 7: Combine Harvesters, Forage and Cotton Harvesters ISO 4253:1993 Agricultural Tractors – Operator’s Seating Accommodation – Dimensions PNS/PAES 102:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content andPresentation PNS/PAES 139:2004 Agricultural Machinery – Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS) – Specifications PNS/PAES 311:2001 Engineering Materials – Bolts and Nuts for Agricultural Machines – Specifications and Applications PNS/PAES 313:2001 Engineering Materials – Screws for Agricultural Machines –Specifications and Applications PNS/PAES 225:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine Harvester – Methods of Test 3 Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply: 3.1 actual field capacity ratio of the area covered per unit of time B-35 3.2 blower cleaning fan rotary device which produces a flow of air across the chaffer and cleaning sieve(s) to blowaway the materials or impurities lighter than grains 3.3 concave concave-shaped, stationary element adjacent to the threshing cylinder or threshing rotor,fitted primarily to enhance threshing NOTE In the case of a concave that is permeable to grain flow, either in whole or in part, it has the importantsecondary function of primary separation. 3.4 crop elevator auxiliary conveyor to assist in feeding the crop to the threshing cylinder 3.5 field efficiency ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field capacity, expressed in percent (%) 3.6 grain elevator device which carries the grains from grain auger to grain tank or bin 3.7 grain loss loss classified according to source, including all field losses attributable to the machine 3.8 grain pan pan for collecting the clean grains after being passed through cleaning sieve(s) for conveyingto grain auger 3.9 grain tank bin tank used to hold the threshed grain 3.10 header feed table portion of the rice combine harvester comprising the mechanism for gathering, cutting, and picking the crop B-36 3.11 header loss grains that have fallen to the ground due to the machine’s cutting operation 3.12 impurities all matters other than grains such as paddy stalks and leaves, and weeds 3.13 oscillating screen cleaning mechanism that oscillates at 300 to 400 times per minute in a plane that is parallel to the screen 3.14 reel revolving slats or arms with battens arranged parallel to the cutter bar to hold the crop beingcut by the knife and to push and guide it to a conveyor platform or feeder conveyor auger 3.15 rice combine harvester mobile grain-harvesting machine for cutting, picking, stripping or picking upcrop, threshing, separating, cleaning and conveying grain into a grain hopper or bag and depositingharvest residue onto the ground 3.16 shaker shoe shoe oscillating structure which supports the cleaning sieve(s) and which may also support thechaffer and the chaffer extension 3.17 straw walker assembly of two or more racks which agitates the straw and separates the remaining grainsfrom straw 3.18 stripper beater rear beater element placed on the rear side of the cylinder and above to rear ward of concave or concavegrate extension or transition grate to assist the deflection of straw on straw walker 3.19 threshing cylinder threshing drum balanced rotating assembly, comprising rasp bars, beater bars or spikes on its periphery andtheir supports, for threshing the crop, which, in conjunction with a stationary elementadjacent to it, is B-37 fitted primarily to enhance threshing, where the crop being threshed iscontained between rotating and stationary elements for less than 360° 3.20 theoretical field capacity computed rate of harvesting in a given area per unit of time 4 Classification The classification of rice combine harvester shall be the following: 4.1 Ride-on Type of rice combine harvester where the engine is integral with the machine and provides power for all processes and movement. 4.1.1 Wheeled type Rice combine harvester in which the pneumatic wheels or steel cage wheels are used (Figure 1). Canopy Threshing Unit Operator Control Reel Assembly Grain Elevator Tines Pneumatic Wheels Figure 1 -Wheeled type B-38 4.1.2 Track type (Crawler type) Rice combine harvester fitted with full or half tracks instead of pneumatic wheels (Figure 2) Canopy Air Cleaner Grain Tank Operator Control
